Clinical, Radiological, and Molecular Insights into Craniopharyngioma

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 565

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Lodz, Poland
Interests: neuro-oncology; brain tumors; skull base; microneurosurgery; neuroanatomy; neuronavigation; stereotactic surgery; intracranial aneurysm

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Guest Editor
Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, Medical University of Lodz, Barlicki University Hospital, Lodz, Poland
Interests: neurosurgery; neuro-oncology; brain tumors; genetic predispostition to cancer
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The sellar region is of particular interest to neurosurgeons and encompasses a variety of conditions, including pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, aneurysms, astrocytomas, and meningiomas. Among these, craniopharyngioma remains one of the most challenging entities. It is a slow-growing, benign intracranial tumor, but it exhibits locally invasive behavior, complicating treatment and prognosis.

One of the major difficulties with craniopharyngioma is its high recurrence rate, which can reach up to 50%. Identifying risk factors for recurrence is a significant area of current research. Surgical approach selection is critical, and preserving the pituitary stalk during surgery has been associated with better functional outcomes but can increase the risk of tumor persistence or recurrence. Gross total resection (GTR) remains the goal for reducing recurrence, although subtotal resection (STR) followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (XRT) is also considered in cases where complete resection may lead to serious complications.

In addition to surgical and radiological advances, new adjuvant therapies are being explored to address the challenging nature of craniopharyngioma. Intratumoral therapy with sclerosing agents, such as bleomycin, has been trialed, and targeted therapies, including inhibitors for BRAF, MEK, and interleukin-6, are under investigation. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of these treatments are still uncertain, highlighting the need for further studies to evaluate their potential.

Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the histopathologic subtypes of craniopharyngioma is also crucial. Current research aims to clarify how these subtypes influence tumor behavior, recurrence risk, and response to therapies. As a result, future studies are essential for improving diagnostic precision, refining therapeutic approaches, and enhancing long-term outcomes for patients with this complex tumor.

Further investigation into the clinical, radiological, molecular, and therapeutic aspects of craniopharyngioma is essential to better understand and manage this condition.

Dr. Ernest Jan Bobeff
Dr. Bartosz Szmyd
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • neuro-oncology
  • brain tumors
  • skull base
  • craniopharyngioma
  • stalk

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 11326 KiB  
Article
Isolation and Characterization of the Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma Primary Cells with Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Features
by Dongting Chen, Ting Lei, Yulin Wang, Zaitao Yu, Siqi Liu, Ling Ye, Wanfang Li, Qin Yang, Hongtao Jin, Fangjun Liu and Yan Li
Biomedicines 2025, 13(4), 912; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13040912 - 9 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Backgrounds: Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACPs) are benign intracranial tumors that behave aggressively due to their location, infiltration of the surrounding nervous tissue and high capacity for recurrence. In this study, we aimed to construct ACP primary cell models for further investigation of tumorigenic [...] Read more.
Backgrounds: Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (ACPs) are benign intracranial tumors that behave aggressively due to their location, infiltration of the surrounding nervous tissue and high capacity for recurrence. In this study, we aimed to construct ACP primary cell models for further investigation of tumorigenic and recurrent mechanisms. Methods: Primary cells were isolated from primary (one case) and recurrent (one case) ACP. Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis was used to clarify the identity of the ACP primary cells we isolated. Whole exome sequencing (WES), immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on primary cells and corresponding ACP tissues, to determine the mutational profile and to clarify the tissue origin and phenotypic of primary cells. Transcriptome RNA-seq was performed to obtain the gene expression characteristics of ACP primary cells. Subsequently, a heterotopic ACP xenograft mouse model was established to confirm the tumorigenesis capacity of ACP primary cells. Results: ACP primary cells were successfully cultured. The genetic variants were similar to the original tumor tissue, and they owned expression of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) markers (FSP1/S100A4, Vimentin) and nuclear translocation β-catenin. Meanwhile, they had an high level expression of extracellular matrix components (Fibronectin). The tumor formation ability of ACP primary cells was verified. The transcriptional signatures of ACP primary cells were also explored. Conclusions: We successfully isolated and characterized ACP primary cells that acquired multiple CAF features and demonstrated stable propagation through dozens of passages. These PDC models laid the foundation for further research on ACP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical, Radiological, and Molecular Insights into Craniopharyngioma)
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