Exploring Human Diseases Through Genomic and Genetic Analyses

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 1060

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Medical Genetics/UC Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: cancer genetics and epigenetics; cancer
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Guest Editor
Institute of Medical Genetics/UC Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: cancer genetics; multifactorial diseases; pharmacogenetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genomic and genetic analyses are transforming medical practice at the level of preventive procedures, early and more accurate diagnoses, personalized care and treatments, improved prognosis, and genetic counseling.

Approaches aimed at exploring the association between genetic patterns and human diseases are leading to a progressive and more in-depth understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the expression of a single allelic variant or the concomitant expression of different allelic variants, either quantitatively or qualitatively, and the interaction between the genome and environmental factors. 

Furthermore, genomic and genetic analyses are relevant for the stratification of risk at an individual and population level, which can support the implementation of specific prevention policies.

Medical practice based on genetics and genomics will redesign structural healthcare organization and health financing, warranting new ethical concerns, such as genetic data access and protection.

This Special Issue on "Exploring Human Diseases through Genomic and Genetic Analyses" will mainly focus on the following trends via reviews, new methodological approaches, and original research:

  • Innovative medical applications, encompassing genomic and genetic analyses, in human diseases;
  • Genomic and genetic analyses applications in early diagnosis, personalized care, and treatment (such as cancer, inborn errors of the metabolism, neurologic diseases, ophthalmologic diseases, and others);
  • Advances in technologies and testing methods aimed at improving genomic and genetic analyses;
  • Identification of the genetic etiology of monogenic diseases—new genes, causal genes of diseases of an unknown cause, identification of somatic mosaicism as the cause of malformations, neurodevelopment, and neurologic diseases;
  • Translation of pharmacogenomics into clinical practice;
  • Newborn vs. opportunistic genomic screening.

Prof. Dr. Fernando Regateiro
Dr. Henriqueta Silva
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • genomic and genetic analyses
  • genomic medicine
  • personalized medicine
  • technologies and testing methods
  • complex diseases
  • monogenic diseases
  • pharmacogenomics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 5999 KiB  
Article
Immune-Mediated Bidirectional Causality Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Periodontitis: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization and Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis
by Zhijun Feng, Zihan Chen, Xiaoxu Wang, Meijuan Zhou and Shupeng Liu
Biomedicines 2025, 13(2), 476; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020476 - 15 Feb 2025
Viewed by 833
Abstract
Background/Objectives: A bidirectional association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontitis has been observed, yet their causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal links between these two inflammatory conditions through comprehensive genetic and molecular analyses. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: A bidirectional association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontitis has been observed, yet their causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential causal links between these two inflammatory conditions through comprehensive genetic and molecular analyses. Methods: We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis integrated with bioinformatics approaches. The causal relationships were primarily evaluated using inverse variance weighting (IVW), complemented by multiple sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the findings. Additionally, we performed differential gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing data to identify co-expressed genes and shared inflammatory mediators between IBD and periodontitis, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Results: Bidirectional MR analysis revealed significant causal associations between IBD and periodontitis (p-value < 0.05). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the consistency of these findings, with no evidence of significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy (p-value > 0.05). Integrated bioinformatics analysis identified key immune regulators, particularly interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), and inflammatory signaling pathways, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin 17 (IL17), as potential molecular mechanisms underlying the bidirectional relationship between these conditions. Conclusions: Our findings provide genetic evidence supporting a bidirectional causal relationship between IBD and periodontitis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed shared pathological mechanisms and identified crucial immune regulatory factors common to both diseases. These insights enhance our understanding of the molecular interplay between IBD and periodontitis, potentially informing new therapeutic strategies for both conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Human Diseases Through Genomic and Genetic Analyses)
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