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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Advanced Research in Stroke
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Advanced Research in Stroke

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 5397

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pi-Shan Sung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Interests: stroke; acute ischemic stroke; cerebrovascular disease; neurogenesis; acute treatment; post-stroke complications
Dr. Yuan-Ting Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Interests: stroke; pericyte; neurovascular unit; cerebral small vessel diseases; brain permeability; glymphatic system
Dr. Cheng-Yang Hsieh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Neurology, Tainan Sin Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
2. School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Interests: stroke; pharmacoepidemiology; diabetes; atrial fibrillation; outcome; epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acute ischemic stroke is a disease with very high mortality and morbidity rates, and it is the second most common cause of death in the world, especially in the aging population. Through the development of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy, the functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke is improving in selected patients with reperfusion treatment. In addition to acute reperfusion therapy, appropriate treatment directed to reducing the evolution of ischemic core, preserving the penumbra, and enhancing the neuronal tissue recovery may be helpful in improving stroke outcome and minimizing post-stroke complications.

The aim of this Special Issue is to focus on new or advanced research in stroke. We appreciate all contributions which could widen the view of ischemic stroke disease. Advanced research regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms of acute stroke, including inflammation, oxidative damage, ionic imbalances, apoptosis, angiogenesis, excitotoxicity; research regarding neuroprotection and regeneration; potential mechanisms and treatment strategies against collateral failure, reperfusion injury, ischemic core expansion, penumbra injury, hemorrhagic transformation, and brain edema; potential mechanisms and strategies against post-stroke complications, including post-stroke cognitive impairment/dementia, depression/anxiety, and seizure; drugs and small molecular therapy for stroke; and future directions in this field are welcomed in this Special Issue.

Dr. Pi-Shan Sung
Dr. Yuan-Ting Sun
Dr. Cheng-Yang Hsieh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inflammation
  • oxidative damage
  • ionic imbalances
  • apoptosis
  • angiogenesis
  • excitotoxicity
  • neuroprotection
  • neurogenesis
  • collateral failure
  • reperfusion injury
  • ischemic core expansion
  • penumbra injury
  • post-stroke complications
  • post-stroke cognitive impairment/dementia
  • depression/anxiety
  • post-stroke seizure
  • drug treatment for stroke

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2667 KiB  
Article
Seasonal Variations in Stroke and a Comparison of the Predictors of Unfavorable Outcomes among Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Cardioembolic Stroke
by Pei-Ya Chen, Wan-Ling Chang, Cheng-Lun Hsiao and Shinn-Kuang Lin
Biomedicines 2024, 12(1), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010223 - 19 Jan 2024
Viewed by 917
Abstract
We investigated the seasonal variations in stroke in 4040 retrospectively enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) admitted between January 2011 and December 2022, particularly those with cardioembolic (CE) stroke, and compared predictors of unfavorable outcomes between AIS patients and CE stroke patients. [...] Read more.
We investigated the seasonal variations in stroke in 4040 retrospectively enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) admitted between January 2011 and December 2022, particularly those with cardioembolic (CE) stroke, and compared predictors of unfavorable outcomes between AIS patients and CE stroke patients. The classification of stroke subtypes was based on the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke occurrence was stratified by seasons and weekdays or holidays. Of all AIS cases, 18% were of CE stroke. Of all five ischemic stroke subtypes, CE stroke patients were the oldest; received the most thrombolysis and thrombectomy; had the highest initial National Institutes of Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores; and had the highest rate of in-hospital complications, unfavorable outcomes (mRS > 2), and mortality. The highest CE stroke prevalence was noted in patients aged ≥ 85 years (30.9%); moreover, CE stroke prevalence increased from 14.9% in summer to 23.0% in winter. The main predictors of death in patients with CE stroke were age > 86 years, heart rate > 79 beats/min, initial NIHSS score > 16, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 6.4, glucose > 159 mg/dL, cancer history, in-hospital complications, and neurological deterioration (ND). The three most dominant factors influencing death, noted in not only patients with AIS but also those with CE stroke, are high initial NIHSS score, ND, and high NLR. We selected the most significant factors to establish nomograms for predicting fatal outcomes. Effective heart rhythm monitoring, particularly in older patients and during winter, may help develop stroke prevention strategies and facilitate early AF detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Stroke)
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17 pages, 4453 KiB  
Article
Systemic Characterization of the Gut Microbiota Profile after Single Mild Ischemic Stroke and Recurrent Stroke in Mice
by Decao Yang, Panxi Sun, Yong Chen, Haojie Jin, Baohui Xu, Qingbian Ma, Lixiang Xue and Yan Wang
Biomedicines 2024, 12(1), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010195 - 16 Jan 2024
Viewed by 864
Abstract
It has been estimated that one in four stroke patients may have recurrent stroke within five years after they experienced the first stroke. Furthermore, clinical studies have shown that recurrent stroke negatively affects patient outcomes; the risk of disability and the death rate [...] Read more.
It has been estimated that one in four stroke patients may have recurrent stroke within five years after they experienced the first stroke. Furthermore, clinical studies have shown that recurrent stroke negatively affects patient outcomes; the risk of disability and the death rate increase with each recurrent stroke. Therefore, it is urgent to find effective methods to prevent recurrent stroke. The gut microbiota has been proven to play an essential role after ischemic stroke, while sudden ischemia disrupts microbial dysbiosis, and the metabolites secreted by the microbiota also reshape the gut microenvironment. In the present study, we established a recurrent ischemic mouse model. Using this experimental model, we compared the survival rate and ischemic infarction between single MCAO and recurrent MCAO, showing that, when two surgeries were performed, the mouse survival rate dramatically decreased, while the infarction size increased. Fecal samples were collected on day 1, day 3 and day 7 after the first MCAO and day 9 (2 days after the second MCAO) for 16S sequencing, which provided a relatively comprehensive picture of the microbiota changes. By further analyzing the potential metabolic pathways, our data also highlighted several important pathways that were significantly altered after the first and recurrent stroke. In the present study, using an experimental mouse model, we showed that acute ischemic stroke, especially recurrent ischemia, significantly decreased the diversity of the gut microbiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Stroke)
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14 pages, 1426 KiB  
Article
Immediate Effects of TECAR Therapy on Gastrocnemius and Quadriceps Muscles with Spastic Hypertonia in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Laura García-Rueda, Rosa Cabanas-Valdés, Carina Salgueiro, Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz, Albert Pérez-Bellmunt and Carlos López-de-Celis
Biomedicines 2023, 11(11), 2973; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112973 - 4 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1678
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to assess changes in muscle properties after a single session of capacitive and resistive energetic transfer (TECAR) therapy on spastic gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles in chronic post-stroke. Methods: A total of 36 chronic stroke survivors with [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study was to assess changes in muscle properties after a single session of capacitive and resistive energetic transfer (TECAR) therapy on spastic gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles in chronic post-stroke. Methods: A total of 36 chronic stroke survivors with lower limb hypertonia were enrolled in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. The experimental group (n = 18) received a single 30 min session of TECAR therapy in combination with functional massage (FM) on the gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles. The control group (n = 18) received a sham treatment of TECAR therapy (without electrical stimulation) in combination with real FM. The primary outcome was muscle tone of the lower limb muscles assessed with the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). The secondary outcomes were goniometric degrees of the MAS (goniometer), neuromuscular properties of the gastrocnemius/quadriceps (myotonometer), and passive range of motion (inclinometer). All measurements were performed at baseline (T0), immediately after treatment (T1), and at 30 min post-treatment (T2) by a blinded assessor. Results: The MAS score ankle dorsiflexion significantly decreased at T0–T1 (p = 0.046), and the change was maintained at T0–T2 (p = 0.019) in the experimental group. Significant improvements were noted in the passive range of motion for knee flexion (p = 0.012) and ankle dorsiflexion (p = 0.034) at T2. In addition, knee flexion improved at T1 (p = 0.019). Conclusion: A single session of Tecar therapy at the same time with FM on the gastrocnemius and rectus femoris immediately reduces muscle tone and increases the passive range of motion of both ankle and knee in chronic stroke survivors. There were no significant changes in the neuromuscular properties measured with myotonometer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Stroke)
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32 pages, 5823 KiB  
Article
The Role of NMDA Receptor Partial Antagonist, Carbamathione, as a Therapeutic Agent for Transient Global Ischemia
by Jigar Pravinchandra Modi, Wen Shen, Janet Menzie-Suderam, Hongyuan Xu, Chun-Hua Lin, Rui Tao, Howard M. Prentice, John Schloss and Jang-Yen Wu
Biomedicines 2023, 11(7), 1885; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071885 - 3 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1466
Abstract
Carbamathione (Carb), an NMDA glutamate receptor partial antagonist, has potent neuroprotective functions against hypoxia- or ischemia-induced neuronal injury in cell- or animal-based stroke models. We used PC-12 cell cultures as a cell-based model and bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) for stroke. Whole-cell patch [...] Read more.
Carbamathione (Carb), an NMDA glutamate receptor partial antagonist, has potent neuroprotective functions against hypoxia- or ischemia-induced neuronal injury in cell- or animal-based stroke models. We used PC-12 cell cultures as a cell-based model and bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) for stroke. Whole-cell patch clamp recording in the mouse retinal ganglion cells was performed. Key proteins involved in apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and heat shock proteins were analyzed using immunoblotting. Carb is effective in protecting PC12 cells against glutamate- or hypoxia-induced cell injury. Electrophysiological results show that Carb attenuates NMDA-mediated glutamate currents in the retinal ganglion cells, which results in activation of the AKT signaling pathway and increased expression of pro-cell survival biomarkers, e.g., Hsp 27, P-AKT, and Bcl2 and decreased expression of pro-cell death markers, e.g., Beclin 1, Bax, and Cleaved caspase 3, and ER stress markers, e.g., CHOP, IRE1, XBP1, ATF 4, and eIF2α. Using the BCAO animal stroke model, we found that Carb reduced the brain infarct volume and decreased levels of ER stress markers, GRP 78, CHOP, and at the behavioral level, e.g., a decrease in asymmetric turns and an increase in locomotor activity. These findings for Carb provide promising and rational strategies for stroke therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Stroke)
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