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Biology
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Evolution of Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Insect Pests
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Evolution of Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Insect Pests

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 11709

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Natraj Krishnan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
Interests: toxicology; insect-plant interaction; xenobiotic metabolism
Dr. Seung-Joon Ahn

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
Interests: insect-plant interaction; chemical ecology; detoxification; genomics; pest management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jeffrey W. Harris

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
Interests: beekeeping; apiculture: honey bee health; insecticide toxicology; insecticide resistance mechanisms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global food security, agricultural productivity as well as control of disease vectors rely upon the use of effective insecticides. However, the phenomenon of the evolution of resistance to insecticides in insect pests is being increasingly recognized as a major problem, leading to increased use of insecticides with deleterious consequences to the environment. While most insecticides are novel synthetic compounds, the target insect pests are quickly able to evolve resistance within a short time of the introduction of the new chemicals. Hence, the evolution of insecticide resistance exemplifies a case of rapid evolution under strong selective pressure. Fundamental questions on the origin and evolution of insecticide resistance mechanisms continue to pose challenges to developing sustainable insecticides. This Special Issue will be a compendium of state-of-the-art research as well as review articles focused on addressing the mechanisms underlying the evolution of resistance to specific classes of insecticides in diverse insect pest species.

Dr. Natraj Krishnan
Dr. Seung-Joon Ahn
Dr. Jeffrey W. Harris
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • insecticide resistance
  • xenobiotic detoxification
  • evolution
  • de novo mutation
  • metabolic detoxification
  • pleiotropic co-option

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1103 KiB  
Article
Biological Fitness Cost, Demographic Growth Characteristics, and Resistance Mechanism in Alpha-Cypermethrin-Resistant Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
by Abdulwahab M. Hafez and Naeem Abbas
Biology 2023, 12(7), 1021; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12071021 - 19 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1694
Abstract
Musca domestica L., a pest of animals and humans, has developed resistance to alpha-cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used to control medically important pests in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. We investigated the mechanism underlying the development of alpha-cypermethrin resistance and life history [...] Read more.
Musca domestica L., a pest of animals and humans, has developed resistance to alpha-cypermethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used to control medically important pests in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. We investigated the mechanism underlying the development of alpha-cypermethrin resistance and life history characteristics of alpha-cypermethrin–susceptible (Alpha-SS) and alpha-cypermethrin-resistant (Alpha-RS) M. domestica using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, which is crucial for developing a future rational management strategy and minimizing the negative effects of alpha-cypermethrin on the environment. Our results showed that Alpha-RS M. domestica had a 405.93-fold increase in resistance to alpha-cypermethrin relative to Alpha-SS M. domestica. This increase in the resistance toward insecticide was attributed to metabolic enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases, specific esterases, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Furthermore, Alpha-RS M. domestica exhibited lower relative fitness (0.50), longevity, survival rate, life expectancy, reproductive values, intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate, fecundity, maternity, and finite rate of increase, along with shorter larval, female preadult, and adult durations than Alpha-SS M. domestica, indicating fitness costs associated with most parameters. However, no significant differences were found between the strains in the following parameters: egg, pupa, and male preadult durations; adult preoviposition, total preoviposition, and oviposition periods; female ratio; and total generation time. Additionally, Alpha-RS M. domestica had a markedly lower intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate, and finite rate of increase than Alpha-SS M. domestica. The results of this study suggest that alpha-cypermethrin resistance may lead to dominant fitness costs in M. domestica. Overall, these findings will aid in the development of rational control strategies for M. domestica as well as help to reduce pesticide pollution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Insect Pests)
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13 pages, 1313 KiB  
Article
Spodoptera exigua Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Increases the Susceptibility to Insecticides: A Promising Efficient Way for Pest Resistance Management
by Shuxing Zhou, Jinming Zhang, Ya Lin, Xiaowei Li, Min Liu, Muhammad Hafeez, Jun Huang, Zhijun Zhang, Limin Chen, Xiaoyun Ren, Wanying Dong and Yaobin Lu
Biology 2023, 12(2), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12020260 - 6 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2857
Abstract
Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous pest of diverse crops and causes considerable economic losses. The overuse of chemical insecticides for controlling this pest results in insecticide resistance, environmental pollution and toxicity to other non-target organisms. Therefore, a sustainable and efficient way for pest [...] Read more.
Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous pest of diverse crops and causes considerable economic losses. The overuse of chemical insecticides for controlling this pest results in insecticide resistance, environmental pollution and toxicity to other non-target organisms. Therefore, a sustainable and efficient way for pest management is urgently required. In this study, laboratory bioassays of eleven commonly used insecticides, the specific entomopathogen of S. exigua (Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, SeMNPV), and SeMNPV-insecticide combinations against the S. exigua laboratory population and two field populations were tested. Our results indicated that the two field populations had developed resistance to almost half of the tested insecticides, while SeMNPV had good virulence in all populations. Interestingly, the combined use of SeMNPV enhanced the toxicity of the tested insecticides against all populations to a different extent and considerably reduced the insecticide resistance of S. exigua field populations or even recovered the susceptibility to above insecticides. Furthermore, the field trial showed that the combined application of SeMNPV contributed to promoting the control efficacy of emamectin benzonate and chlorfenapyr. These results provide a promising efficient way for pest resistance management and an environmentally friendly approach for controlling S. exigua with the combined application of nucleopolyhedroviruses and insecticides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Insect Pests)
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18 pages, 2714 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Indoxacarb Resistance in the Fall Armyworm: Selection, Inheritance, Cross-Resistance, Possible Biochemical Mechanisms, and Fitness Costs
by Muhammad Hafeez, Xiaowei Li, Farman Ullah, Zhijun Zhang, Jinming Zhang, Jun Huang, Limin Chen, Junaid Ali Siddiqui, Xiaoyun Ren, Shuxing Zhou, Muhammad Imran, Mohammed A. Assiri, Myron P. Zalucki, Yonggen Lou and Yaobin Lu
Biology 2022, 11(12), 1718; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11121718 - 27 Nov 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3270
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a voracious insect pest that is difficult to control due to resistance to insecticides and Bt proteins. We assessed cross-resistance, resistance mechanism, and fitness costs based on the life history traits of S. frugiperda. [...] Read more.
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a voracious insect pest that is difficult to control due to resistance to insecticides and Bt proteins. We assessed cross-resistance, resistance mechanism, and fitness costs based on the life history traits of S. frugiperda. We established an S. frugiperda strain selected for resistance to indoxacarb (Ind-SEL) from a field-collected population and an unselected strain, Ind-UNSEL. Results indicated that after 24 generations of selection, the resistance to indoxacarb was increased by 472.67-fold as compared to the Ind-UNSEL. There was high cross-resistance to deltamethrin (31.23-fold) with very low or negligible cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, and/or methoxyfenozide in the Ind-SEL population. Butoxide synergist increased susceptibility to indoxacarb, indicating that P450 enzymes may be involved in indoxacarb resistance. Significantly longer developmental time of larvae extended pupal duration, shorter adult longevity, and lower fecundity were observed in Ind-SEL as compared with the Ind-UNSEL population. The Net reproductive rate (R0) was the only growth parameter that differs between crosses of Ind-SEL♂ × Ind-UNSEL♀ (176 ± 46) and Ind-SEL♀ × Ind-UNSEL♂ (328 ± 57). On the other hand, all population growth parameters differ between Ind-SEL and Ind-UNSEL strains. Our work contributes to the growing body of research that demonstrates the importance of strain genetics in fitness cost experiments and helps resistance management programs make decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Insect Pests)
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27 pages, 2110 KiB  
Article
High-Resolution Genetic Mapping Combined with Transcriptome Profiling Reveals That Both Target-Site Resistance and Increased Detoxification Confer Resistance to the Pyrethroid Bifenthrin in the Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae
by Berdien De Beer, Marilou Vandenhole, Christine Njiru, Pieter Spanoghe, Wannes Dermauw and Thomas Van Leeuwen
Biology 2022, 11(11), 1630; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111630 - 7 Nov 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2492
Abstract
Pyrethroids are widely applied insecticides in agriculture, but their frequent use has provoked many cases of resistance, in which mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), the pyrethroid target-site, were shown to play a major role. However, for the spider mite Tetranychus urticae [...] Read more.
Pyrethroids are widely applied insecticides in agriculture, but their frequent use has provoked many cases of resistance, in which mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), the pyrethroid target-site, were shown to play a major role. However, for the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, it has also been shown that increased detoxification contributes to resistance against the pyrethroid bifenthrin. Here, we performed QTL-mapping to identify the genomic loci underlying bifenthrin resistance in T. urticae. Two loci on chromosome 1 were identified, with the VGSC gene being located near the second QTL and harboring the well-known L1024V mutation. In addition, the presence of an L925M mutation in the VGSC of a highly bifenthrin-resistant strain and its loss in its derived, susceptible, inbred line indicated the importance of target-site mutations in bifenthrin resistance. Further, RNAseq experiments revealed that genes encoding detoxification enzymes, including carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and UDP-glycosyl transferases (UGTs), were overexpressed in resistant strains. Toxicity bioassays with bifenthrin (ester pyrethroid) and etofenprox (non-ester pyrethroid) also indicated a possible role for CCEs in bifenthrin resistance. A selection of CCEs and UGTs were therefore functionally expressed, and CCEinc18 was shown to metabolize bifenthrin, while teturUGT10 could glycosylate bifenthrin-alcohol. To conclude, our findings suggest that both target-site and metabolic mechanisms underlie bifenthrin resistance in T. urticae, and these might synergize high levels of resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in Insect Pests)
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