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Extracellular Vesicles: From Biology to Biomedical Application

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A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 14766

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Prakash Gangadaran

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Guest Editor

Department of Biomedical Science & Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
Interests: oral cancer; extracellular vesicles; molecular and nuclear imaging; wound healing; cell-based cancer therapies and tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which include small EVs or exosomes and microvesicles, are a subtype of membrane vesicles released from the endocytic compartment of live cells. EVs play an important role in local and distant cell-to-cell communication. EVs are able to transport functional biological cargoes (nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, etc.). These aspects of drug delivery are essential for the field of gene therapy. Recent studies have shown that EVs may be used to encapsulate and protect exogenous siRNA/miRNAs or edogeneous miRNA/mRNA for delivery to target cells. Thus, EV-mediated nanodelivery is very promising and may bridge the gap in current delivery systems for systemic gene therapy.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Life.

Dr. Prakash Gangadaran
Guest Editor

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Keywords

extracellular vesicles
exosomes
microvesicles exosome mimetics/bionanovesicles
miRNA
mRNA
siRNA
gene therapy

Related Special Issue

Extracellular Vesicles: From Biology to Biomedical Application in Life (3 articles)

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

15 pages, 2597 KiB

Open AccessReview

Evolution and Clinical Advances of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Musculoskeletal Regeneration

by Ragunanthan Narayanaswamy, Bishnu Prasad Patro, Naveen Jeyaraman, Prakash Gangadaran, Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran, Arulkumar Nallakumarasamy, Madhan Jeyaraman, Prasanna Ramani and Byeong-Cheol Ahn

Bioengineering 2023, 10(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010058 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4865

Abstract

Over the past few decades, various forms of platelet concentrates have evolved with significant clinical utility. The newer generation products, including leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), have shown superior biological properties in musculoskeletal regeneration than the first-generation concentrates, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and plasma rich in growth factors. These newer platelet concentrates have a complete matrix of physiological fibrin that acts as a scaffold with a three-dimensional (3D) architecture. Further, it facilitates intercellular signaling and migration, thereby promoting angiogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic activities. A-PRF with higher leukocyte inclusion possesses antimicrobial activity than the first generations. Due to the presence of enormous amounts of growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that are released, A-PRF has the potential to replicate the various physiological and immunological factors of wound healing. In addition, there are more neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, all of which secrete essential chemotactic molecules. As a result, both L-PRF and A-PRF are used in the management of musculoskeletal conditions, such as chondral injuries, tendinopathies, tissue regeneration, and other sports-related injuries. In addition to this, its applications have been expanded to include the fields of reconstructive cosmetic surgery, wound healing in diabetic patients, and maxillofacial surgeries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles: From Biology to Biomedical Application)

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9 pages, 642 KiB

Open AccessReview

Contribution of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Malignant Transformation of Normal Cells

by Daria S. Chulpanova, Tamara V. Pukhalskaia, Albert A. Rizvanov and Valeriya V. Solovyeva

Bioengineering 2022, 9(6), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9060245 - 04 Jun 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2071

Abstract

Tumor-cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to carry biologically active molecules of parental cells, which can actively modulate the tumor microenvironment. EVs produced by tumor cells play significant roles in the development and maintenance of tumor growth, metastasis, immune escape, and other important processes. However, the ability of EVs to induce the transformation of normal cells has hardly been investigated. This review discusses studies that describe the ability of tumor-cell-derived EVs to alter the metabolism and morphology of normal cells, causing changes associated with malignant transformation. Additionally, the horizontal transfer of oncogenes through EVs of tumor cells and the induction of epigenetic changes in normal cells, which leads to genomic instability and subsequent oncogenic transformation of normal cells, are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles: From Biology to Biomedical Application)

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14 pages, 1431 KiB

Open AccessReview

Designer Exosomes: Smart Nano-Communication Tools for Translational Medicine

by Madhyastha Harishkumar, Madhyastha Radha, Nakajima Yuichi, Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukalianan, Ohe Kaoru, Koichiro Shiomori, Kentaro Sakai and Watanabe Nozomi

Bioengineering 2021, 8(11), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8110158 - 26 Oct 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2970

Abstract

Exosomes are the master transporters of genes, RNAs, microRNAs, proteins, and lipids. They have applications in major diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and diabetes mellitus. Delivery of the exosomes to recipient cells is governed by the functional heterogenicity of the tissues. Engineered exosomes are promising tools in tissue regeneration. In addition to their role as intracellular communication cargos, exosomes are increasingly primed as standard biomarkers in the progression of diseases, thereby solving the diagnostic dilemma. Futuristic empowerment of exosomes with OMICS strategy can undoubtedly be a bio-tool in translational medicine. This review discusses the advent transformation of exosomes in regenerative medicine and limitations that are caveats to broader applications in clinical use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles: From Biology to Biomedical Application)

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31 pages, 1894 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bioengineering of Extracellular Vesicles: Exosome-Based Next-Generation Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer

by Priyanka Saha, Suchisnigdha Datta, Sukanya Ghosh, Anurima Samanta, Paramita Ghosh and Dona Sinha

Bioengineering 2021, 8(10), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8100139 - 10 Oct 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4023

Abstract

Extracellular nano vesicles and exosomes hold compelling evidence in intercellular communication. Exosomal intracellular signal transduction is mediated by the transfer of cargo proteins, lipids, micro (mi)RNAs, long noncoding (lnc)RNAs, small interfering (si)RNAs, DNA, and other functional molecules that play a pivotal role in regulating tumor growth and metastasis. However, emerging research trends indicate that exosomes may be used as a promising tool in anticancer treatment. This review features a majority of the bioengineering applications of fabricated exosomal cargoes. It also encompasses how the manipulation and delivery of specific cargoes—noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), recombinant proteins, immune-modulators, chemotherapeutic drugs, and other small molecules—may serve as a precise therapeutic approach in cancer management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles: From Biology to Biomedical Application)

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