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Batteries
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Transition Metal Compound Materials for Secondary Batteries
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Transition Metal Compound Materials for Secondary Batteries

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Materials and Interfaces: Anode, Cathode, Separators and Electrolytes or Others".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 18244

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xijun Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
Interests: nanoarray-based flexible electrodes; metal–organic framework derived materials; solid-state polymer electrolytes for alkali-ion batteries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhuosen Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Interests: Li-S batteries; lithium metal anode
Dr. Ling Kang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
Interests: electrode material desigh for supercapacitors and zinc-ion batteries; electrode surface science; defect engineering; bionic structure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, the safety and energy density of rechargeable batteries are vital to their widespread application in portable devices and electric vehicles. Tremendous research efforts have been devoted to improving the unbeatable performance of lithium-ion batteries at all levels. As a result, some new battery systems have emerged, including sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, and aqueous zinc-ion batteries. It is worth noting that incremental breakthroughs essentially rely on new materials with high specific theoretical capacity and natural abundant resources.

Transition metal compounds are typical conversion-type electrode materials that were originally used in secondary battery systems. The mechanism of these materials involved in batteries was reversible conversions between the high and low valence states of metal, delivering remarkably high capacity values. Because of the unoccupied outer electron orbitals of transition metal elements, various kinds of transition metal compounds have been discovered with unique functions. The natural abundance reserves and low cost of these materials have recently attracted researchers’ extensive attention. Until now, these materials have been involved in each battery component (cathode, anode, electrolyte, separator, etc.). Design using transition metal compounds with unique nanostructure endows these materials with special functionality, which dramatically expands their practical application. It is therefore important to curate a Special Issue to collect recent advancements in conversion-type materials for batteries and to illustrate the direction of development in the future.

 Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Transition metal compound anodes for Li/Na/K-ion batteries;
  • Transition metal compound cathodes for Li/Na/K-ion batteries ;
  • Transition metal compounds modified separators;
  • Transition metal compounds modified lithium anode;
  • Transition metal compounds modified solid-state electrolyte;
  • Transition metal compound materials for aqueous Zn-ion batteries;
  • Transition metal compound materials for Al/Mg/Ca-ion batteries.

Dr. Xijun Xu
Dr. Zhuosen Wang
Dr. Ling Kang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • transition metal compounds
  • Li/Na/K-ion batteries
  • cathode
  • anode
  • solid-state electrolytes
  • aqueous Zn-ion batteries

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

14 pages, 4508 KiB  
Article
Facile Constructing Hierarchical Fe3O4@C Nanocomposites as Anode for Superior Lithium-Ion Storage
by Haichang Zhong, Wenlong Huang, Yukun Wei, Xin Yang, Chunhai Jiang, Hui Liu, Wenxian Zhang, Chu Liang, Leyang Dai and Xijun Xu
Batteries 2023, 9(8), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9080403 - 2 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1331
Abstract
Ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) is regarded to be a promising high-capacity anode material for LIBs. However, the capacity attenuates fast and the rate performance is poor due to the dramatic pulverization and sluggish charge transfer properties. To solve these problems, [...] Read more.
Ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) is regarded to be a promising high-capacity anode material for LIBs. However, the capacity attenuates fast and the rate performance is poor due to the dramatic pulverization and sluggish charge transfer properties. To solve these problems, a simple in situ encapsulation and composite method was successfully developed to construct carbon nanotube/nanorod/nanosheet-supported Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Owing to the hierarchical architecture design, the novel structure Fe3O4@C nanocomposites effectively enhance the charge transfer, alleviate pulverization, avoid the agglomeration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and also provide superior kinetics toward lithium storage, thereby showing significantly improved reversibility and rate performance. The carbon nanotube/nanorod supported core-shell structure Fe3O4@C nanocomposite displays outstanding high rate capability and stable cycling performance (reversible capability of 1006, 552 and 423 mA h g−1 at 0.2, 0.5 and 1 A g−1 after running 100, 300 and 500 cycles, respectively). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Compound Materials for Secondary Batteries)
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14 pages, 2760 KiB  
Article
Low-Temperature-Aged Synthesis of CeO2-Coated Li-Rich Oxide as Cathode for Low-Cost High-Energy Density Li-Ion Batteries
by Yanlin Liu, Bin Li, Min Chen and Weishan Li
Batteries 2023, 9(6), 330; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9060330 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1793
Abstract
Co-free Li-rich oxide shows promise as a cathode for low-cost high-energy density Li-ion batteries but presents poor cyclic stability. To address this issue, a novel CeO2-coated Li-rich oxide composite is developed by applying a layer of CeO2 onto Co-free Li-rich [...] Read more.
Co-free Li-rich oxide shows promise as a cathode for low-cost high-energy density Li-ion batteries but presents poor cyclic stability. To address this issue, a novel CeO2-coated Li-rich oxide composite is developed by applying a layer of CeO2 onto Co-free Li-rich oxide through a low-temperature-aged process. With this uniform coating, the resulting composite presents improved cyclic stability as well as rate capability as the cathode of a Li-ion battery. The capacity retention of the resulting composite is increased from 67% to 85% after 100 cycles, and its capacity retention of 5 C/0.05 C is enhanced from 10% to 23% compared with the uncoated sample. Such significant improvements indicate that this low-temperature-aged process is promising for preparing Co-free Li-rich oxides as cathodes of low-cost high-energy density Li-ion batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Compound Materials for Secondary Batteries)
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14 pages, 2617 KiB  
Article
Facile Synthesis of Nickel Phosphide @ N-Doped Carbon Nanorods with Exceptional Cycling Stability as Li-Ion and Na-Ion Battery Anode Material
by Fang Fu, Qiuchen He, Xuan Zhang, Julian Key, Peikang Shen and Jinliang Zhu
Batteries 2023, 9(5), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050267 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
Nickel phosphide (Ni2P), as an anode material for both lithium- and sodium-ion batteries, offers high theoretical specific and volumetric capacities. However, considerable challenges include its limited rate capability and low cycle stability arising from its volume change and degradation during cycling. [...] Read more.
Nickel phosphide (Ni2P), as an anode material for both lithium- and sodium-ion batteries, offers high theoretical specific and volumetric capacities. However, considerable challenges include its limited rate capability and low cycle stability arising from its volume change and degradation during cycling. To solve these issues, appropriate composite micro/nanoparticle designs can improve conductivity and provide confinement. Herein, we report a simple pyrolysis method to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon-coated Ni2P nanorod arrays (Ni2P@NC) from nickel foam and an ionic resin as a source of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. The N-doped open-ended carbon shells provide Ni2P containment, good electrical conductivity, efficient electrolyte access and the buffering of bulk strain during cycling. Consequently, as a LIB anode material, Ni2P@NC has impressive specific capacity in long-term cycling (630 mAh g−1 for 150 cycles at 0.1 A g−1) and a high rate capability of 170 mAh g−1 for 6000 cycles at 5 A g−1. Similarly, as a SIB anode, Ni2P@NC retains a sizable 288 mAh g−1 over 300 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, and 150 mAh g−1 over 2000 cycles at 2 A g−1. Furthermore, due to a sizable portion of its capacity coinciding with adequately low voltage, the material shows promise for high volumetric energy storage in full-cell format. Lastly, the simple synthesis method has the potential to produce other carbon-coated metal phosphides for electrochemical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Compound Materials for Secondary Batteries)
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12 pages, 3240 KiB  
Article
A High-Performance Li-O2/Air Battery System with Dual Redox Mediators in the Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte
by Ningning Feng, Chaoqiang Wang, Jing Wang, Yang Lin and Gang Yang
Batteries 2023, 9(5), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050243 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2098
Abstract
Lithium–oxygen (Li-O2) batteries have captured worldwide attention owing to their highest theoretical specific energy density. However, this promising system still suffers from huge discharge/charge overpotentials and poor cycling stability, which are related to the leakage/volatilization of organic liquid electrolytes and the [...] Read more.
Lithium–oxygen (Li-O2) batteries have captured worldwide attention owing to their highest theoretical specific energy density. However, this promising system still suffers from huge discharge/charge overpotentials and poor cycling stability, which are related to the leakage/volatilization of organic liquid electrolytes and the inefficiency of solid catalysts. A mixing ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolyte (IL-GPE)-based Li-O2 battery, consisting of a 20 mM 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DBBQ) 40 mM N-methylphenothiazine (MPT)-containing IL-GPE and a single-walled carbon nanotube cathode, is designed for the first time here. This unique dual redox mediators-based GPE, which contains a polymer matrix immersed with mixed ionic liquid electrolyte, provides a proper ionic conductivity (0.48 mS cm−1) and effective protection for lithium anode. In addition, DBBQ, as the catalyst for an oxygen reduction reaction, can support the growth of discharge products through the solution–phase pathway. Simultaneously, MPT, as the catalyst for an oxygen evolution reaction, can decompose Li2O2 at low charge overpotentials. Hence, the DBBQ-MPT-IL-GPE-based Li-O2 battery can operate for 100 cycles with lower charge/discharge overpotentials. This investigation may offer a promising method to realize high-efficiency Li-O2/air batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Compound Materials for Secondary Batteries)
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11 pages, 2879 KiB  
Article
Two-Dimensional VO2 Nanosheets with a Controllable Crystalline-Preferred Orientation for High-Performance Zinc-Ion Batteries
by Shanshan Shi, Yang Yu, Xiaochen Feng, Ruijuan Qi and Yufeng Zhao
Batteries 2023, 9(2), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9020095 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2529
Abstract
Due to the environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness and inherent safety, rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries have attracted much interest as a promising energy storage device. VO2 is one of the most common materials for rechargeable zinc ion batteries. The insertion/extraction of zinc ions [...] Read more.
Due to the environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness and inherent safety, rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries have attracted much interest as a promising energy storage device. VO2 is one of the most common materials for rechargeable zinc ion batteries. The insertion/extraction of zinc ions within VO2 is highly anisotropic, with different channel sizes along different axes. Therefore, it is quite important to control the orientation of VO2 crystals so as to manipulate the transportation of Zn2+ ions more effectively and sufficiently. Herein, a novel intercalation-type two-dimensional VO2 nanosheet with preferred orientation (PO-VO2) of the c-axis was prepared. Benefitting from the structural merits, the PO-VO2 nanosheets demonstrate an attractive capacity of 511.6 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1 in a voltage of 0.2–1.6 V, which is obviously better than that of many vanadium oxide-based cathodes reported until now. The PO-VO2//Zn aqueous zinc ion full cell exhibits a high energy density of 290.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 38.4 W kg−1 (based on the mass of the VO2 cathode electrode). The outstanding energy storage behavior, together with the facile and affordable synthesis route, endows the PO-VO2 nanosheets with promising applications for aqueous zinc ion batteries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Compound Materials for Secondary Batteries)
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Review

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26 pages, 7769 KiB  
Review
Rational Design of Bismuth Metal Anodes for Sodium-/Potassium-Ion Batteries: Recent Advances and Perspectives
by Yan Wang, Xijun Xu, Fangkun Li, Shaomin Ji, Jingwei Zhao, Jun Liu and Yanping Huo
Batteries 2023, 9(9), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9090440 - 28 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1688
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have drawn widespread attention for application in large-scale accumulation energy because of their plentiful resources and lower cost. However, the lack of anodes with high energy density and long cycle lifetimes has hampered the progress of [...] Read more.
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have drawn widespread attention for application in large-scale accumulation energy because of their plentiful resources and lower cost. However, the lack of anodes with high energy density and long cycle lifetimes has hampered the progress of SIBs and PIBs. Bismuth (Bi), an alloying-type anode, on account of its high volumetric capacity and cost advantage, has become the most potential candidate for SIBs and PIBs. Nevertheless, Bi anodes undergo significant volume strain during the insertion and extraction of ions, resulting in the crushing of structures and a volatile solid electrolyte interface (SEI). As a result, the tactics to boost the electrochemical properties of Bi metal anodes in recent years are summarized in this study. Recent advances in designing nanostructure Bi-based materials are reviewed, and the reasonable effects of architectural design and compound strategy on the combination property are discussed. Some reasonable strategies and potential challenges for the design of Bi-based materials are also summarized. This review aims to provide practical guidance for the development of alloying-type anode materials for next-generation SIBs and KIBs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Compound Materials for Secondary Batteries)
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21 pages, 3620 KiB  
Review
Safety Issues of Layered Nickel-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries: Origin, Strategies and Prospects
by Zhongfeng Tang, Dandan Feng, Yali Xu, Lei Chen, Xiangdan Zhang and Qiang Ma
Batteries 2023, 9(3), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030156 - 1 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5885
Abstract
Layered lithium transition metal (TM) oxides LiTMO2 (TM = Ni, Co, Mn, Al, etc.) are the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high energy density, good rate capability and moderate cost. However, the safety issue arising from the [...] Read more.
Layered lithium transition metal (TM) oxides LiTMO2 (TM = Ni, Co, Mn, Al, etc.) are the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high energy density, good rate capability and moderate cost. However, the safety issue arising from the intrinsic thermal instability of nickel-based cathode materials is still a critical challenge for further applications in electric vehicles and energy storage power stations. The main reasons include side reactions between the highly reactive Ni3+/4+ and liquid electrolyte, oxygen release accompanied by structural phase transition, and internal microcrack propagation owing to the low strength of spherical secondary particles. Great efforts have been invested to modify nickel-based cathode materials such as stabilization of bulk structure by element doping, surface engineering, nanostructure design, and particle mono-crystallization. In this review, we summarize these advances and try to give an in-depth insight into the origin of the thermal instability of nickel-based cathode materials. More importantly, some effective strategies to improve thermal stability are outlined, expecting to accelerate the future development of layered TM oxides with high safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Compound Materials for Secondary Batteries)
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