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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2022) | Viewed by 15313

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Dr. Francesca Zara

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Guest Editor

Department of Oral and maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: paediatric dentistry; oral pathology; oral surgery; laser application

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I would like to invite you to submit a contribution to a Special Issue on Applied Sciences of Pharmacology in Dentistry in the Journal Applied Sciences.

Pharmacology plays an important role in dentistry but sometimes it is underestimated. Indeed, nowadays it is already a challenge to understand the specific aspects of how drugs influence or are correlated with body systems. It is evident the necessary to better understand the pharmacological management of patients undergone to dental practises, hence this Special Issue welcomes manuscripts that can contribute the knowledge necessary to effectively clarify the administration of drugs in dental field.

Pharmacological aspects were constantly evolving over time and the currently practises are not the same of the past. It is very hard to stay up to date with the newest discoveries, for this reason the aim of this Special Issue will also be focused to help clinicians to know alternative approaches, to discover new protocols and to learn for a good management of patients at risk.

A large number of different classes of drugs are used in dentistry, depending on the requirements. Therefore a more awareness and knowledge should be increase amongst clinicians toward pharmacological therapy both in adults and children or special needs ones.

Adopting multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary perspectives and a systems approach, expected submissions will cover the following topics:

Pharmacological prevention and management in dental practises
Experimental pharmacological protocols
Pharmacological therapy in patients at risk
Sustainability of innovative and alternative medicaments

All original articles, case reports, and review articles will be welcome.

Dr. Francesca Zara
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Drug therapy
Side effects
Conscious sedation
Drug menagement
Oral surgery
Oral education

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cone Beam Computer Tomography and Histological Evaluation of Dental Follicle of Impacted Lower Third Molar Germs in Teens: A Histo-Radiographic Correlation Study in a Case Series

by Giacomo D’Angeli, Francesca Zara, Alessio Belloni, Francesco Maria D’Angeli, Michele Dello Spedale Venti, Daniela Messineo, Alessandro Corsi and Gian Luca Sfasciotti

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5682; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125682 - 19 Jun 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2040

Abstract

The dental follicle (DF) is the tissue that surrounds the crown of the developing tooth. In X-ray, images it appears as a radiolucent area. The removal of an impacted mandibular third molar is a common procedure in oral surgery. The radiographic evidence of pathology, commonly defined as a pericoronal radiolucency measuring at least mm 2.5 mm in any dimension, is accepted for the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Mesioangular impactions are usually more closely placed to the inferior alveolar canal, and the use of cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) before the removal of impacted mandibular third molars has been reported to be appropriate in these cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microscopic features of radiographically normal DFs associated with mesioangular impacted mandibular third molars examined through CBCT. Thirteen mesioangular impacted third molars from ten patients (5 males and 5 females, mean age ± SD: 15.1 ± 1.66) with a maximum width of the DF <2.5 mm, as digitally established by CBCT, were included in this study. All the DFs associated with the removed third molars were examined histologically through the analysis of different variables. The mean (±SD) and range of the maximum width of the DFs were 1.35 (±0.47) mm and 0.71–2.21 mm, respectively. Nine (69.23%) DFs showed odontogenic remnants, five (38.46%) showed focal squamous metaplasia and eight (61.53%) mild mesenchymal myxoid degeneration. The maximum width of the DF failed to show any significant correlation with all the histological variables considered in this study. Aware of the limited number of patients included in this study, the histo-radiographic correlation in our case series confirm data in the literature, according to which normal pericoronal imaging may be associated with DF tissue changes/variations that in turn are potentially associated with the development of pathologies including odontogenic cysts and tumors. Whether these changes/variations are enough to make prophylactic germectomy of impacted third molars the standard by themselves remains to be established. However, they require accurate correlations with the radiographic data for the appropriate histologic assessment of a DF. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences of Pharmacology in Dentistry)

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10 pages, 566 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Biology of Drug-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia: In Vitro Study of the Effect of Nifedipine on Human Fibroblasts

by Dorina Lauritano, Giulia Moreo, Fedora Della Vella, Annalisa Palmieri, Francesco Carinci and Massimo Petruzzi

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(7), 3287; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073287 - 6 Apr 2021

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 2415

Abstract

Background: It has been proven that the antihypertensive agent nifedipine can cause gingival overgrowth as a side effect. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of pharmacological treatment with nifedipine on human gingival fibroblasts activity, investigating the possible pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to the onset of gingival enlargement. Methods: The expression profile of 57 genes belonging to the “Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Molecules” pathway, fibroblasts’ viability at different drug concentrations, and E-cadherin levels in treated fibroblasts were assessed using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, PrestoBlue™ cell viability test, and an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), respectively. Results: Metalloproteinase 24 and 8 (MMP24, MMP8) showed significant upregulation in treated cells with respect to the control group, and cell adhesion gene CDH1 (E-cadherin) levels were recorded as increased in treated fibroblasts using both real-time PCR and ELISA. Downregulation was observed for transmembrane receptors ITGA6 and ITGB4, the basement membrane constituent LAMA1 and LAMB1, and the extracellular matrix protease MMP11, MMP16, and MMP26. Conclusions: The obtained data suggested that the pathogenesis of nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth is characterized by an excessive accumulation of collagen due to the inhibition of collagen intracellular and extracellular degradation pathways. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences of Pharmacology in Dentistry)

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14 pages, 307 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Effectiveness of a Commercial Mouthwash and an Herbal Infusion in Oral Health Care

by Gabriela Ciavoi, Luciana Dobjanschi, Tunde Jurca, Gyongyi Osser, Ioana Scrobota, Annamaria Pallag, Mariana Eugenia Muresan, Laura Gratiela Vicaș, Eleonora Marian, Farah Bechir, Laurenta Lelia Mihai, Enikő Béres, Raluca Ortensia Cristina Iurcov, Timea Claudia Ghitea and Adrian Tohati

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(7), 3008; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073008 - 27 Mar 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3177

Abstract

Mouthrinse solutions represent a group of products used for maintaining oral hygiene after tooth brushing. Substances contained by plants bring benefits for the whole mouth health. The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial mouthwash and of an herbal infusion on dental plaque formation and gingival inflammation. The participants in the study (90 patients) were divided into two groups, the CM group, which rinsed with a commercial fluoride-containing mouthwash and the IM group, which used an herbal infusion. The Silness–Loe plaque index (PI) and the Loe–Silness gingival index (GI) were assessed at baseline and in three following monitoring sessions. Both mouthwashes used had good results in reducing plaque index and gingival index values. In all monitoring sessions, the average PI value calculated in the CM group was relatively lower than in the IM group, probably because of the fluoride contained in the commercial mouthwash. The average GI value calculated in the CM group was slightly higher in showing gingival inflammation than that of the IM group, therefore the IM group had a better average result than the CM group in GI value. Herbal mouthwashes are adequate to induce proper oral prevention through the preservation of good oral health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences of Pharmacology in Dentistry)

Review

Jump to: Research

14 pages, 1223 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Botulinum Neurotoxins (BoNTs) and Their Biological, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Issues: A Scoping Review

by Massimo Corsalini, Francesco Inchingolo, Gianna Dipalma, Angelika Elzbieta Wegierska, Ioannis Alexandros Charitos, Maria Assunta Potenza, Antonio Scarano, Felice Lorusso, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Monica Montagnani and Luigi Santacroce

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(19), 8849; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11198849 - 23 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6487

Abstract

Botulinum toxins or neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent neurotoxins known, and are currently extensively studied, not only for their potential lethality, but also for their possible therapeutic and cosmetic uses. Currently, seven types of antigenically distinct toxins are known and characterized, produced by a rod-shaped bacterium, Clostridium botulinum. Human poisoning by botulism (presenting with severe neuromuscular paralytic disease) is usually caused by toxins A, B, E, and F type. Poisoning from contaminated food preparations is the most common cause of noniatrogenic botulism. The spores are highly resistant to heat but are easily destroyed at 80 °C for thirty minutes. Type A and B toxins are resistant to digestion by the enzymes of the gastrointestinal system. After their entry, BoNTs irreversibly bind to cholinergic nerve endings and block the release of acetylcholine from the synapses. In contrast, in wound botulism, the neurotoxin is instead product by the growth of C. botulium in infected tissues. The contamination by BoNT inhalation does not occur by a natural route but it is certainly the most dangerous. It can be caused by the dispersion of the botulinum toxin in the atmosphere in the form of an aerosol and therefore can be deliberately used for bioterrorist purposes (e.g., during CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear) unconventional events). In addition, BoNTs are currently used to treat a variety of diseases or alleviate their symptoms, such as the onabotulinumtoxinA for migraine attacks and for cosmetic use. Indeed, this paper aims to report on updated knowledge of BoNTs, both their toxicological mechanisms and their pharmacological action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences of Pharmacology in Dentistry)

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