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2 pages, 164 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial for a Special Issue on Plasma Technology and Its Applications

by Dawei Liu

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(20), 11487; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011487 - 20 Oct 2023

Viewed by 831

Abstract

Plasma technology is commonly used in numerous fields, such as microelectronics, nanomaterial synthesis, nitrogen fixation, biomedicine, environmental protection, and polymer surface modification [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

28 pages, 7885 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Techno-Economic Potential of Plasma-Based CO₂ Splitting in Power-to-Liquid Plants

by Samuel Jaro Kaufmann, Paul Rößner, Stephan Renninger, Maike Lambarth, Moritz Raab, Jan Stein, Valentin Seithümmer and Kai Peter Birke

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4839; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084839 - 12 Apr 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2839

Abstract

Mitigating climate change requires the development of technologies that combine energy and transport sectors. One of them is the production of sustainable fuels from electricity and carbon dioxide (CO₂) via power-to-liquid (PtL) plants. As one option for splitting CO₂, [...] Read more.

Mitigating climate change requires the development of technologies that combine energy and transport sectors. One of them is the production of sustainable fuels from electricity and carbon dioxide (CO₂) via power-to-liquid (PtL) plants. As one option for splitting CO₂, plasma-based processes promise a high potential due to their flexibility, scalability, and theoretically high efficiencies. This work includes a modeling and techno-economic analysis. A crucial element is the process of the joint project PlasmaFuel, in which two plasma technologies are included in a PtL plant to produce synthetically sulfur-free marine diesel. The results are divided into three scenarios, which differ in the use of different boundary conditions and thus represent different degrees of technology development. The evaluation results in process efficiencies from 16.5% for scenario 2018/20 to 27.5% for scenario 2050, and net production costs between EUR 8.5/L and EUR 3.5/L. Furthermore, the techno-economic potential is mapped in order to open up development steps in the direction of costs below EUR 2.0/L. The present work allows statements regarding system integration and the industrial use of the plasma-based process.; moreover, conclusions can be drawn towards the most important levers in terms of process optimization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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15 pages, 6118 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plasma-Activated Tap Water Production and Its Application in Atomization Disinfection

by Ao Xiao, Dawei Liu and Yan Li

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 3015; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13053015 - 26 Feb 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2800

Abstract

Plasma-activated tap water (PATW) is a new technology for obtaining a high concentration of active aqueous plasma substances by discharging underwater. Commonly plasma-activated water (PAW) is realized by activating deionized water or distilled water, which has problems such as high cost, a small [...] Read more.

Plasma-activated tap water (PATW) is a new technology for obtaining a high concentration of active aqueous plasma substances by discharging underwater. Commonly plasma-activated water (PAW) is realized by activating deionized water or distilled water, which has problems such as high cost, a small discharge area, and insufficient dissolution of active substances. This paper reports the development of a dielectric barrier discharge array to generate a high concentration of active aqueous plasma substances. The device can realize a uniform, stable, and large-area discharge in a large volume of tap water, and it has the advantages of low cost, high integration, and reusability. Using the device to treat 1000 mL of tap water for 1 h can reduce the pH of the tap water from 8.10 to 2.54, and the logarithmic value of killing E. coli is greater than 5.0. We sprayed PATW onto clothes to sterilize the bacteria when people were through the disinfection door and verified that the PATW had a good sterilization effect. The short-lived substances, singlet oxygen, and superoxide anion radicals played a key role in the sterilization process by PATW. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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16 pages, 2725 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aging of Polylactide Films Exposed to Plasma—Hydrophobic Recovery and Selected Application Properties

by Joanna Izdebska-Podsiadły, Paula Trokowska and Edgar Dörsam

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 2751; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13052751 - 21 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1625

Abstract

In this study, the effect of polylactide (PLA) material on the susceptibility to hydrophobic recovery due to storage was examined, the effectiveness of plasma activation of the film, defined as improving the hydrophilicity of the material, was studied, and the selected film properties [...] Read more.

In this study, the effect of polylactide (PLA) material on the susceptibility to hydrophobic recovery due to storage was examined, the effectiveness of plasma activation of the film, defined as improving the hydrophilicity of the material, was studied, and the selected film properties that are important from an application point of view were investigated. The study was conducted on three films using oxygen and argon plasma. Contact angles of water, diiodomethane, and ethylene glycol were investigated, and the values of surface free energy (SFE) and its polar and dispersive components were determined immediately after activation, as well as after a specified storage time (after 1, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days). The effects of film activation on its roughness, weight loss, tensile strength, color changes, and gloss were also determined. Based on the results, it was concluded that the type of film influences the course of hydrophobic recovery. At the same time, the trend of changes depends on the type of gas used for activation, while the magnitude of changes depends on the film. Moreover, it was observed that the type of PLA film had a significant effect on the changes in the polar and dispersion components of SFE, as well as on roughness and mass loss due to plasma activation. Furthermore, these parameters also depended on the type of gas used for plasma activation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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10 pages, 1799 KiB

Open AccessArticle

TOF Analysis of Ions Accelerated at High Repetition Rate from Laser-Induced Plasma

by Evan Russell, Valeria Istokskaia, Lorenzo Giuffrida, Yoann Levy, Jaroslav Huynh, Martin Cimrman, Martin Srmž and Daniele Margarone

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 13021; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122413021 - 19 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1648

Abstract

The generation, detection, and quantification of high-energy proton spectra that are produced from laser-target interaction methodologies is a field of increasingly growing popularity over the last 20 years. Generation methods such as target normal sheath acceleration or similar allow for collimated laminar ion [...] Read more.

The generation, detection, and quantification of high-energy proton spectra that are produced from laser-target interaction methodologies is a field of increasingly growing popularity over the last 20 years. Generation methods such as target normal sheath acceleration or similar allow for collimated laminar ion beams to be produced in a compact environment through the use of short-burst terawatt lasers and are a growing field of investment. This project details the development and refinement of a python-based code to analyze time-of-flight ion spectroscopy data, with the intent to pinpoint the maximum proton energy within the incident beam to as reliable and accurate a value as possible within a feasible processing time. TOF data for 2.2 × 10¹⁶ W/cm² intensity laser shots incident on a 2 mm Cu target that were gathered from the PERLA 1 kHz laser at the HiLASE center were used as training and testing data with the implementation of basic machine learning techniques to train these methods to the data being used. These datasets were used to ensure more widely applicable functionality, and accurate calculation to within 1% accuracy of an assumed correct value was seen to be consistently achievable for these datasets. This wider functionality indicates a high level of accuracy for previously unseen TOF datasets, regardless of signal/noise levels or dataset size, allowing for free use of the code in the wider field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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14 pages, 3153 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation of Interaction between Plasma and Azithromycin Based on Molecular Dynamics

by Yuanfu Zang, Minqi Zhou, Yangchen Wu, Si Qin, Shihai Huang and Jianzong Meng

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 12878; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412878 - 15 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1536

Abstract

Growing attention has been paid to nonthermal plasma treatment technology and its effects on the degradation of organic matter, especially for antibiotics. However, the majority of the conducted research has focused on the experimental results. Rare attempts were made to analyze the reaction [...] Read more.

Growing attention has been paid to nonthermal plasma treatment technology and its effects on the degradation of organic matter, especially for antibiotics. However, the majority of the conducted research has focused on the experimental results. Rare attempts were made to analyze the reaction mechanism at the microscopic level. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation and reactive forcefields were used to investigate the reaction mechanism of different plasma particle interactions with azithromycin molecules. The simulation results indicated that the degradation of azithromycin was caused by the destruction of C-H and C-C bonds, followed by the formation of C=C and C=O bonds when reacted with the active particles. It was also found that the ability of degrading azithromycin varied among the different types of active particles. The oxygen atoms had the strongest ability to decompose the azithromycin molecule, with 38.61% of the C-H bonds broken as compared with other oxygenated species. The findings from this computational simulation could provide theoretical support and guidance for subsequent practical experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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9 pages, 1534 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Efficiency Adsorption of SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Protein by Plasma-Modified Porous Polymers

by Nigala Aikeremu, Sisi Li, Qingnan Xu, Hao Yuan, Ke Lu, Junqiang Si and Dezheng Yang

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 12628; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412628 - 9 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1483

Abstract

Under the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study reports an affordable and easily prepared porous material modified by nanosecond-pulsed discharge plasma, which can adsorb SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein efficiently. Both Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the adsorption [...] Read more.

Under the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study reports an affordable and easily prepared porous material modified by nanosecond-pulsed discharge plasma, which can adsorb SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein efficiently. Both Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the adsorption efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein. The physical and chemical properties of the modified porous polymer were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We found that the new type of porous polymer material presented an excellent performance on SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein adsorption, whose adsorption efficiency reached 99.99% in 1 min. Both the physical and chemical characterizations showed that the material has many fresh pores on the material surface and that the surface is implanted with polar functional groups (C−O, C=O, O−C=O and −NH), which gives the material a high chemisorption performance along with an enhanced physical adsorption performance. Notably, the material can be prepared at prices ranging in the tens of dollars per kilogram, which shows that it could have great applications for respiratory virus protection in global epidemic states. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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19 pages, 2906 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Time-Synchronized Microwave Cavity Resonance Spectroscopy and Laser Light Extinction Measurements as a Diagnostic for Dust Particle Size and Dust Density in a Low-Pressure Radio-Frequency Driven Nanodusty Plasma

by Tim Donders, Tim Staps and Job Beckers

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12013; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312013 - 24 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1320

Abstract

In a typical laboratory nanodusty plasma, nanometer-sized solid dust particles can be generated from the polymerization of reactive plasma species. The interplay between the plasma and the dust gives rise to behavior that is vastly different from that of pristine plasmas. Two of [...] Read more.

In a typical laboratory nanodusty plasma, nanometer-sized solid dust particles can be generated from the polymerization of reactive plasma species. The interplay between the plasma and the dust gives rise to behavior that is vastly different from that of pristine plasmas. Two of the key parameters in nanodusty plasma physics are, among other things, the dust particle size and the dust density. In this work, we introduce a novel method for the determination of these two quantities from the measurement of the free electron density using microwave cavity resonance spectroscopy and laser light extinction measurements. When comparing these two measurements to theory, one can determine the best-fitting dust particle size and dust density. Generally, cyclic behavior of the dust particle size and dust density was observed, of which the trends were relatively insensitive to varying the most stringent input assumptions. Finally, this method has been used to explore the behavior of the dust particle size and dust density for varying plasma powers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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17 pages, 3245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Gap Width on Temporal Nonlinear Behaviors in CO₂ Dielectric Barrier Discharges under Martian Conditions

by Xucheng Wang, Shuhan Gao and Yuantao Zhang

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 10990; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122110990 - 30 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1199

Abstract

In recent years, the in situ resource utilization of

{CO}_{2}

on Mars for oxygen and carbon monoxide production has attracted increasing attention. Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) have great potential for large-scale industrial application of

{CO}_{2}

decomposition, and the nonlinear behaviors of [...] Read more.

In recent years, the in situ resource utilization of

{CO}_{2}

on Mars for oxygen and carbon monoxide production has attracted increasing attention. Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) have great potential for large-scale industrial application of

{CO}_{2}

decomposition, and the nonlinear behaviors of DBDs are directly related to the discharge stability. In this paper, a fluid model is built to investigate the influence of gap width on temporal nonlinear behaviors in

{CO}_{2}

DBDs driven by tailored voltages under Martian conditions (the pressure and temperature are 4.5 Torr and 210 K, respectively). The simulation results show that, with the increase in the gap width, the discharge evolves from period-one state into period-two state, then changes into chaos, and finally undergoes an inverse period-doubling bifurcation from reverse period-two discharge to period-one discharge. After the

{CO}_{2}

discharge is extinguished, the electron density drops rapidly, and the dominant charged particles in the discharge region are heavy CO₃⁻ and CO₂⁺ ions. As the gap width increases, the heavy ions produced by the previous discharge cannot be completely dissipated and stay in the sheath region, which makes the subsequent discharge easy to be ignited and reduces the breakdown voltage, leading to the evolution from period-one discharge to period-two discharge. When the gap width is increased to 5 mm, a lot of charged particles stay in the discharge gap, and these charged particles, especially electrons, are driven to the electrodes by the applied voltage, forming a reverse electric field, which inhibits the development of positive discharge and facilitates the formation of negative discharge. Then, as the gap width continues to increase, the density and spatial distribution of residual ions in the sheath region at the beginning of the negative discharge for two consecutive voltage periods are gradually equal, resulting in the discharge evolution from reverse period-two state to reverse period-one state. This study could deepen the understanding of the underpinning physics of nonlinear behaviors, and provide a groundwork for actively regulating the evolution of nonlinear behaviors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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15 pages, 7295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Conceptual Design of a Compact Divertor Heat Load Simulation Device: HIT-PSI

by Tao Huang, Qiuyue Nie, Min Wang, Fengyu Xu and Xiaogang Wang

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10501; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010501 - 18 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1450

Abstract

Linear plasma devices have been increasingly applied in investigating plasma–surface interaction (PSI) processes and divertor/scraped-off-layer (D/SOL) physics because of their economy, flexibility, and expandability. However, only a few existing linear plasma devices are able to obtain high heat and particle fluxes. In this [...] Read more.

Linear plasma devices have been increasingly applied in investigating plasma–surface interaction (PSI) processes and divertor/scraped-off-layer (D/SOL) physics because of their economy, flexibility, and expandability. However, only a few existing linear plasma devices are able to obtain high heat and particle fluxes. In this work, we report a compact superconducting linear device, with its scientific goals and specific design methods, at Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), HIT-PSI, capable of implementing an extreme plasma environment with beams of a long discharge pulse, as well as high heat and particle fluxes in the future fusion reactor regime of ITER/CFETR-like parameters. A five-coil integrated superconducting magnet is designed to generate a >2.0 Tesla steady-state magnetic field for confining a long pulse plasma beam with a density of >10²⁰ m⁻³ produced by a cascaded arc plasma source. With a pump set of 2500 L/s and a water-cooled target system with bias voltage, it is expected to obtain high-density and low-temperature plasma beams with a heat flux of over 10 MW/m². Subsystems of the platform, including the plasma source, superconducting magnets, vacuum system, and target holder system, are described in detail. In addition, the function and performance of the platform are numerically simulated and represented by SOLPS-ITER code to predict the laboratory simulation results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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11 pages, 2355 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fully Nonlinear Small Amplitude Dynamical Waves for Multicomponent Complex Plasma with Kappa Distributed Electrons and Ions

by Abeer A. Mahmoud

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10288; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010288 - 13 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1403

Abstract

Multicomponent plasmas are ubiquitous in astrophysics and space plasma environments. In the present manuscript, we assumed a dusty plasma system consisting of negative and positive dust species and kappa-distributed electrons and ions. The analysis is based on the fluid model of plasmas, and [...] Read more.

Multicomponent plasmas are ubiquitous in astrophysics and space plasma environments. In the present manuscript, we assumed a dusty plasma system consisting of negative and positive dust species and kappa-distributed electrons and ions. The analysis is based on the fluid model of plasmas, and the reductive perturbation method was used to study the behavior of propagating waves. New arbitrary parameters were obtained to measure the strength of nonlinearity, dispersion, and dissipation in the plasma system. We investigated the effects of the arbitrary parameters on the appearance of the different nonlinear waves as soliton, shock, and solitary waves. Furthermore, we studied the effects of the kappa parameter, the viscosity of dust species, and the ratio between the temperature of positive and negative dust species in the type of wave, i.e., compressive or rarefactive. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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14 pages, 4543 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Generation of High-Density Pulsed Gas–Liquid Discharge Plasma Using Floating Electrode Configuration at Atmospheric Pressure

by Shuqi Li, Yunhu Liu, Hao Yuan, Jianping Liang, Min Zhang, Yao Li and Dezheng Yang

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8895; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178895 - 5 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1926

Abstract

In this paper, a high-density gas–liquid discharge plasma is obtained combined with nanosecond pulse voltage and a floating electrode. The discharge images, the waveforms of pulse voltage and discharge current, and the optical emission spectra are recorded. Gas temperature and electron density are [...] Read more.

In this paper, a high-density gas–liquid discharge plasma is obtained combined with nanosecond pulse voltage and a floating electrode. The discharge images, the waveforms of pulse voltage and discharge current, and the optical emission spectra are recorded. Gas temperature and electron density are calculated by the optical emission spectra of N₂ (C³Π_u → B³Π_g) and the Stark broadening of H_α, respectively. The emission intensities of N₂ (C³Π_u → B³Π_g),

N_{2}^{+}

(B²Σ → X²Π), OH (A²Σ → X²Π), O (3p⁵P → 3s⁵S⁰), He (3d³D → 3p³

P_{2}^{0}

), gas temperature, and electron density are acquired by optical emission spectra to discuss plasma characteristics varying with spatial distribution, discharge gap, and gas flow rate. The spatial distributions of discharge characteristics, including gas temperature, electron density, and emission intensities of N₂ (C³Π_u → B³Π_g),

N_{2}^{+}

(B²Σ → X²Π), OH (A²Σ → X²Π), O (3p⁵P → 3s⁵S⁰), and He (3d³D → 3p³

P_{2}^{0}

), are presented. It is found that a high-density discharge plasma with the electron density of 2.2 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ and low gas temperature close to room temperature is generated. While setting the discharge gap distance at 10 mm, the discharge area over liquid surface has the largest diameter of 20 mm; under the same conditions, electron density is in the order of 10¹⁵ cm⁻³, and gas temperature is approximately 330 K. In addition, the discharge plasma characteristics are not kept consistent in the axial direction, in which the emission intensities of

N_{2}^{+}

(B²Σ → X²Π), N₂ (C³Π_u → B³Π_g), OH (A²Σ → X²Π), and gas temperature increased near the liquid surface. As the discharge gap is enlarged, the gas temperature increases, whereas the electron density remains almost constant. Moreover, as the gas flow rate was turned up, the electron density increased and the gas temperature was kept constant at 320 K. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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10 pages, 1142 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Low-Dose Oxidant Toxicity and Oxidative Stress in Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells K1

by Hannah Hamada Mendonça Lens, Natália Medeiros Dias Lopes, Gabriella Pasqual-Melo, Poliana Camila Marinello, Lea Miebach, Rubens Cecchini, Sander Bekeschus and Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8311; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168311 - 19 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1420

Abstract

Medical gas plasmas are of emerging interest in pre-clinical oncological research. Similar to an array of first-line chemotherapeutics and physics-based therapies already approved for clinical application, plasmas target the tumor redox state by generating a variety of highly reactive species eligible for local [...] Read more.

Medical gas plasmas are of emerging interest in pre-clinical oncological research. Similar to an array of first-line chemotherapeutics and physics-based therapies already approved for clinical application, plasmas target the tumor redox state by generating a variety of highly reactive species eligible for local tumor treatments. Considering internal tumors with limited accessibility, medical gas plasmas help to enrich liquids with stable, low-dose oxidants ideal for intratumoral injection and lavage. Pre-clinical investigation of such liquids in numerous tumor entities and models in vitro and in vivo provided evidence of their clinical relevance, broadening the range of patients that could benefit from medical gas plasma therapy in the future. Likewise, the application of such liquids might be promising for recurrent BRAF(V600E) papillary thyroid carcinomas, resistant to adjuvant administration of radioiodine. From a redox biology point of view, studying redox-based approaches in thyroid carcinomas is particularly interesting, as they evolve in a highly oxidative environment requiring the capability to cope with large amounts of ROS/RNS. Knowledge on their behavior under different redox conditions is scarce. The present study aimed to clarify resistance, proliferative activity, and the oxidative stress response of human papillary thyroid cancer cells K1 after exposure to plasma-oxidized DMEM (oxDMEM). Cellular responses were also evaluated when treated with different dosages of hydrogen peroxide and the RNS donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Our findings outline plasma-oxidized liquids as a promising approach targeting BRAF(V600E) papillary thyroid carcinomas and extend current knowledge on the susceptibility of cells to undergo ROS/RNS-induced cell death. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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8 pages, 3134 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancement of Radio Frequency Plasma Plume by Pulsed Plasma Bullet at Atmospheric Pressure

by Qianhan Han, Ying Guo, Yarong Zhang, Jing Zhang and Jianjun Shi

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(11), 5430; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12115430 - 27 May 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1315

Abstract

An experimental study of a plasma plume generated by radio frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge and enhanced in terms of plume length and intensity by pulsed discharge is presented. When injecting a pulsed plasma bullet into the radio frequency plasma plume, the length [...] Read more.

An experimental study of a plasma plume generated by radio frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge and enhanced in terms of plume length and intensity by pulsed discharge is presented. When injecting a pulsed plasma bullet into the radio frequency plasma plume, the length of the plasma plume into ambient air can be elongated from 2 mm to 6 mm and the intensity of the plasma plume can be elevated by four times. The propagation of the pulsed plasma bullet and the interaction with radio frequency discharge and plume are demonstrated by the temporal evolution of the discharge spatial appearance. The enhanced plasma plume is employed to improve the O/C ratio of carbon fiber, which is attributed to the synergistic effect of the radio frequency plasma plume and pulsed plasma bullet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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14 pages, 4365 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improvement of Winter Graft Techniques Using Cold Plasma and Plasma-Treated Solution on Cherry Cultures

by Andrey Izmailov, Dmitry Khort, Rostislav Filippov, Roman Yu. Pishchalnikov, Alexander V. Simakin and Yuri Shogenov

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 4953; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12104953 - 13 May 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1738

Abstract

The description of a new method of winter grafting of sweet cherry varieties “Revna” is given. The novelty of the method lies in the use of a portable device for generating cold plasma, as well as a plasma-treated solution, developed by the team [...] Read more.

The description of a new method of winter grafting of sweet cherry varieties “Revna” is given. The novelty of the method lies in the use of a portable device for generating cold plasma, as well as a plasma-treated solution, developed by the team of authors. It has been established that exposure to cold plasma affects the growth length of “Revna” cherries by 17–28%, while an increase in the diameter of the root collar by 20–23% was observed. The electrical resistivity in the grafting zone after exposure to plasma or plasma-activated water decreased by an average of 14% compared to the control, which indicated a better fusion of the transport fibers of the rootstocks and scions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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12 pages, 4137 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Situ Detection of Trace Heavy Metal Cu in Water by Atomic Emission Spectrometry of Nebulized Discharge Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure

by Huixue Yang, Hao Yuan, Sisi Li, Wei Wang and Dezheng Yang

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 4939; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12104939 - 13 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1763

Abstract

The in situ detection of trace heavy metal is very important for human health and environmental protection. In this paper, a novel and stable nebulized discharge excited by an alternating current (AC) power supply at atmospheric pressure is employed to detect the trace [...] Read more.

The in situ detection of trace heavy metal is very important for human health and environmental protection. In this paper, a novel and stable nebulized discharge excited by an alternating current (AC) power supply at atmospheric pressure is employed to detect the trace metal copper by atomic emission spectrometry. Different from the previous experiments in which a conductive object was wrapped around a pneumatic nebulizer directly as a discharge electrode. Plasma is generated near needle electrodes and aerosol is introduced from above the electrode gap by a pneumatic nebulizer, which avoid damage to the fragile device. The effects of applied voltage, gas flow rate, pH value of liquid, and concentration of organic addition agents on the emission intensity of Cu I (3d¹⁰4p-3d¹⁰4s, 324.75 nm) are investigated for the purpose of optimizing the experiment conditions. For studying the discharge characteristics and understanding the mechanisms of metal atomic excitation, the waveforms of applied voltage and discharge current are measured, and the vibrational and rotational temperature are calculated by the spectra of N₂ (C³∏_u-B³∏_g, Δυ = −2). In addition, gas temperature evolution of nebulized discharge is acquired and it is found that the emission intensity of Cu I (3d¹⁰4p-3d¹⁰4s, 324.75 nm) can be affected by applied voltage, gas flow rate, pH value of liquid, and concentration of organic addition agents. An optimized experimental condition of nebulized discharge for Cu detection is 3.59 of the pH, 5.6 kV of applied voltage, 1.68 L/min of Ar flow rate, and 2% of the ethanol. Under this condition, the limit of detection (LOD) of Cu can reach up to 0.083 mg/L. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasma Technology and Its Applications)

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