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Novel Thermal and Non-thermal Technologies towards Sustainability and Microbiological Food Safety and Quality

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2024 | Viewed by 4096

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Health, Science and Society, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
Interests: cold plasma; 3D printing; microfluidics; food processing; food microbiology; food safety

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: green extraction; isolation and characterization of plant bioactive compounds; encapsulation of bioactive compounds; valorization of agricultural byproducts and wastes; determination of bioaccessibility/bioavailability; assessment of antioxidant activity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the globalisation of the food trade and the emergence of new consumer habits, food production, processing, and distribution have undergone significant changes. These changes have continuously challenged the global food systems. However, every effort is being made to ensure that the food produced is healthy and safe, which is crucial to guarantee public health and well-being.

Thermal methods are generally performed in the food industry to prolong the product’s shelf life and inactivate spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Novel thermal technologies, such as ohmic heating and dielectric heating (e.g., microwave heating and radio frequency heating), have been developed to improve the effectiveness of heat processing whilst warranting food safety and eliminating undesirable impacts on the organoleptic and nutritional properties of foods.

The needs and preferences of consumers keep evolving, and the food industry must keep pace with the changes to grow and succeed. Consumers now demand products that are minimally processed and safe, with added value and long shelf lives, while also being more sustainable. This has led to the development of several green and non-thermal technologies that can help reduce energy consumption in the production, processing, and packaging of food. High-hydrostatic-pressure (HHP) processing, ultrasound (US), cold plasma (CP), pulsed electric fields (PEF), and electrolysed water (EW) are some methods that show the potential to be applied by the food industry. In addition, microfluidic technology and green extraction techniques are interdisciplinary with a diversity of applications, including in food processing.

This Special Issue focuses on the impact of both thermal and non-thermal technologies on the safety, quality and sustainability of food products.

Dr. Sotirios Oikonomou
Dr. Anastasia Kyriakoudi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • thermal technologies
  • non-thermal technologies
  • high hydrostatic pressure
  • cold plasma
  • food microbiology
  • food safety
  • food quality
  • shelf life
  • sustainability

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 5042 KiB  
Article
Thermal Behavior and Infrared Absorbance Bands of Citric Acid
by Costas Tsioptsias, Afroditi Panagiotou and Paraskevi Mitlianga
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(18), 8406; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188406 - 18 Sep 2024
Viewed by 341
Abstract
Citric acid is widely used in the Food and Pharmaceutical Industry. Various issues regarding its thermal behavior and infrared spectrum require clarification. Here, we studied citric acid monohydrate (raw, heated, freeze-dried and recrystallized from D2O) via Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis, [...] Read more.
Citric acid is widely used in the Food and Pharmaceutical Industry. Various issues regarding its thermal behavior and infrared spectrum require clarification. Here, we studied citric acid monohydrate (raw, heated, freeze-dried and recrystallized from D2O) via Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Infrared Spectroscopy, and antioxidant capacity assay. Also, we used ab initio Density Functional Theory calculations for further supporting the interpretations of the experimental results. Citric acid monohydrate exhibits desolvation inability and upon heating does not dehydrate but esterifies. Nor by freeze drying can it be dehydrated. The heated sample is not anhydrous, it exhibits melting inability, and any fluidization occurs simultaneously with decomposition. In other words, the interpretations regarding the two endothermic peaks in the DSC curve of citric acid that have been attributed to water evaporation and melting are not correct. The increase in the molecular weight due to esterification is most likely responsible for the increased antioxidant/chelation capacity of the heated sample. We concluded that what we call citric acid monohydrate and anhydrous do not exist in a pure form (in the solid state) and actually are mixtures of different compositions of citric acid, water and a citric acid oligomer that is produced through esterification. The esterification reaction seems to be able to proceed easily under mild heating or even at room temperature. The presence of the ester oligomer and water affect the infrared spectrum of citric acid monohydrate and anhydrous and is responsible for the existence of multiple peaks in the C=O stretching region, which partially overlaps with the water H-O-H bending vibration. The insights presented in this work could be useful for optimizing the design, performance and quality of food and drug products in which citric acid is used. Full article
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12 pages, 4523 KiB  
Article
Development of a Disposable, Amperometric Glycerol Biosensor Based on a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode, Modified with the Electrocatalyst Meldolas Blue, Coated with Glycerol Dehydrogenase and NAD+: Application to the Analysis of Wine Quality
by Sotirios I. Ekonomou, Adrian Crew, Olena Doran and John P. Hart
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6118; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146118 - 14 Jul 2024
Viewed by 756
Abstract
This paper describes the design and development of a novel electrochemical biosensor for measuring glycerol in wine. Our initial detailed studies were aimed at deducing the optimum conditions for biosensor operation by conducting hydrodynamic voltammetric and amperometric studies. The resulting voltammograms revealed a [...] Read more.
This paper describes the design and development of a novel electrochemical biosensor for measuring glycerol in wine. Our initial detailed studies were aimed at deducing the optimum conditions for biosensor operation by conducting hydrodynamic voltammetric and amperometric studies. The resulting voltammograms revealed a maximum electrocatalytic current at 0.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which we used for all further studies. We also examined the effect of pH (8–10) on the amperometric responses of different glycerol concentrations over a range of 0.04 to 0.20 mM. Based on our findings, we propose that pH 9 would be suitable as the supporting electrolyte for further studies with the amperometric biosensor. The biosensor was constructed by immobilising 10 units of GLDH and 660 μg NAD+ onto the MB-SPCE surface using glutaraldehyde (GLA) as a cross-linking agent. Calibration studies were performed with glycerol over the 1.0–7.5 mM concentration range. Chronoamperometry was the electrochemical technique chosen for this purpose as it is convenient and can be performed with only 100 μL of sample directly deposited onto the biosensor’s surface. In the current study, we observed linear calibration plots with the above standard solutions using current measurements at a selection of sampling times along the chronoamperograms (30–340 s). We have evaluated the glycerol biosensor by carrying out an analysis of commercially available red wine. Overall, these findings will form a platform for the development of novel rapid technology for point-of-test evaluation of glycerol in the production and quality control of wine. Full article
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Review

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13 pages, 2035 KiB  
Review
How Hydrogen (H2) Can Support Food Security: From Farm to Fork
by Grace Russell, Alexander Nenov and John T. Hancock
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2877; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072877 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 2491
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a low-molecular-weight, non-polar and electrochemically neutral substance that acts as an effective antioxidant and cytoprotective agent, with research into the effects of H2 incorporation into the food chain, at various stages, rapidly gaining momentum. H2 [...] Read more.
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a low-molecular-weight, non-polar and electrochemically neutral substance that acts as an effective antioxidant and cytoprotective agent, with research into the effects of H2 incorporation into the food chain, at various stages, rapidly gaining momentum. H2 can be delivered throughout the food growth, production, delivery and storage systems in numerous ways, including as a gas, as hydrogen-rich water (HRW), or with hydrogen-donating food supplements such as calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg). In plants, H2 can be exploited as a seed-priming agent, during seed germination and planting, during the latter stages of plant development and reproduction, as a post-harvest treatment and as a food additive. Adding H2 during plant growth and developmental stages is noted to improve the yield and quality of plant produce, through modulating antioxidant pathways and stimulating tolerance to such environmental stress factors as drought stress, enhanced tolerance to herbicides (paraquat), and increased salinity and metal toxicity. The benefits of pre- and post-harvest application of H2 include reductions in natural senescence and microbial spoilage, which contribute to extending the shelf-life of animal products, fruits, grains and vegetables. This review collates empirical findings pertaining to the use of H2 in the agri-food industry and evaluates the potential impact of this emerging technology. Full article
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