Nanomaterial Oxidative Stress

Dear Colleagues,

Nanomaterials (NMs) are defined as having components of at least one dimension between 1 nm and 100 nm (ISO/TS 80004-1), and include both manufactured and naturally occurring substances. Along with their unique properties, it was acknowledged early on that NMs could also have elevated toxicity. Redox properties of nanomaterials are intimately related to their toxic effects, and the induction of oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation is currently the main mechanistic paradigm of nanotoxicity. NMs could induce oxidative stress via a number of pathways. For example, generation of reactive oxygen species could result from the formation of electron hole pairs by photoactivation of some semiconductor nano-materials.  In addition, dissolution of NMs releasing metal ions and the presence of transition metals such as Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, and Cr on the nanomaterial surface can generate hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. Finally, due to their uptake by cells, even inert NMs could give rise to ROS production by perturbing the mitochondria function and intracellular redox equilibria.

On the other hand, there is evidence that some nanomaterials have pronounced antioxidant properties. This Special Issue will highlight the complexity of NM-induced oxidative stress in biological systems, as well efforts to detect, measure, and alleviate its damaging consequences.

Dr. Vytas Reipa
Guest Editor

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