Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 2123

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular system; physiological endothelial functions; coronary circulation; metabolism; contractility; myocardial protection; endothelial cells; vitamins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular system; coronary circulation; myocardial protection; extracellular vesicles; ischemia/reperfusion injury

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, greater knowledge has been achieved regarding the mechanisms underlying the oxidative stress leading to cardiovascular diseases. However, a more detailed understanding is required for the improvement and optimization of therapeutic approaches.

In this issue, we intend to focus on new advances in our knowledge of the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, as well as new therapeutic strategies.

We therefore invite investigators to contribute original research articles, as well as review articles, in order to explore the pathological manifestations, molecular mechanisms, and innovative pharmacological approaches preventing and/or managing this condition. Articles involving different experimental models are welcome.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Novel molecules/signaling pathways/mechanisms implicated in oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular disease pathogenesis;
  • New therapeutic avenues/the development of specific treatments;
  • Novel animal experimental models, studying oxidative stress in I/R injury;
  • Omics as new approaches in cardiovascular diseases;
  • Extracellular vesicles as prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers;
  • Diets, exercise, and aging;
  • New clinical management strategies in cardiology and cardio-oncology fields.

Prof. Dr. Claudia Penna
Dr. Saveria Femminò
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • cardiovascular disease
  • therapeutic approaches
  • biomarkers
  • exercise
  • aging

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

22 pages, 3140 KiB  
Review
Sex-Specific Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Protective Effects of AMPK in Cardiovascular Diseases
by Lea Strohm, Dominika Mihalikova, Alexander Czarnowski, Zita Schwaibold, Andreas Daiber and Paul Stamm
Antioxidants 2025, 14(5), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14050615 - 21 May 2025
Viewed by 37
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke are the most common cause of death worldwide and are regularly based on risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or obesity. At the same time, both diseases and risk factors are significantly [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke are the most common cause of death worldwide and are regularly based on risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or obesity. At the same time, both diseases and risk factors are significantly influenced by sex hormones. In order to better understand this influence and also specifically improve the therapy of female patients, medical research has recently focused increasingly on gender-specific differences. The goal is to develop personalized, gender-specific therapy concepts for these diseases to further enhance health outcomes. The enzyme adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central regulator of energy metabolism, protecting the cardiovascular system from energy depletion, thereby promoting vascular health and preventing cellular damage. AMPK confers cardioprotective effects by preventing endothelial and vascular dysfunction, and by controlling or regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. For AMPK, sex-specific effects were reported, influencing metabolic and cardiovascular responses. Exercise and metabolic stress generally cause higher AMPK activity in males. At the same time, females exhibit protective mechanisms against insulin resistance or oxidative stress, particularly in conditions like obesity. Additionally, males subject to AMPK deficiency seem to experience greater cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, females show improvement in cardiovascular function after pharmacological AMPK activation. These differences, influenced by hormones, body composition, and gene expression, highlight the potential to develop personalized, sex-specific AMPK-targeted therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases in the future. Here, we discuss the most actual scientific background, focusing on the protective, gender-specific effects of AMPK, and highlight potential clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases)
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22 pages, 1436 KiB  
Review
Redox Homeostasis and Molecular Biomarkers in Precision Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases
by Cristina Manuela Drăgoi, Camelia Cristina Diaconu, Alina Crenguța Nicolae and Ion-Bogdan Dumitrescu
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1163; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101163 - 25 Sep 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
Precision medicine is envisioned as the future of cardiovascular healthcare, offering a more tailored and effective method for managing cardiovascular diseases compared to the traditional one-size-fits-all approaches. The complex role of oxidative stress in chronic diseases within the framework of precision medicine was [...] Read more.
Precision medicine is envisioned as the future of cardiovascular healthcare, offering a more tailored and effective method for managing cardiovascular diseases compared to the traditional one-size-fits-all approaches. The complex role of oxidative stress in chronic diseases within the framework of precision medicine was carefully explored, delving into the cellular redox status and its critical involvement in the pathophysiological complexity of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The review outlines the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species generation and the function of antioxidants in maintaining redox balance. It emphasizes the elevated reactive oxygen species concentrations observed in heart failure and their detrimental impact on cardiovascular health. Various sources of ROS within the cardiovascular system are examined, including mitochondrial dysfunction, which contributes to oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA degradation. The article also addresses oxidative stress’s role in myocardial remodeling, a process pivotal to the progression of heart diseases. By integrating these aspects, the review underscores the importance of redox homeostasis and identifies molecular biomarkers that can enhance precision therapy for CVDs. The insights provided aim to pave the way for targeted therapeutic strategies that mitigate oxidative stress, thereby improving patient outcomes in cardiovascular medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases)
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