Submit to Antioxidants Review for Antioxidants Propose a Special Issue

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Oxidative stress and Applied Biology

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "ROS, RNS and RSS".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2020) | Viewed by 55493

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Antonia Patruno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: oxidative/nitrosative stress; cell signalling; tissue repair; neurodegenerative diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The concept of oxidative stress was introduced into redox biology and medicine in 1985 by Sies. "Oxidative stress" is a phenomenon characterized by an imbalance between the production and the accumulation of oxidants (oxygen and nitrogen reactive species (ROS/RNS)) and the ability of the antioxidant system to remove these reactive products.

Much data in the literature indicate that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of premature aging and in inflammatory and/or degenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is recognized as a possible cause or a contributing cause or effect in the development of the above-mentioned diseases. For this reason, for a long time, oxidative stress has been called "harmful". Recently, the importance of ROS as second messengers in the physiology of cells has been better understood. In fact, many fundamental cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, migration and cell adhesion are based on changes in the activity of many proteins involved in cell signaling, which act as redox-sensitive molecular switches.

This has led to an evolution of the initial concept of "oxidative stress" or damage of the cellular structure to include the subsequent stress response, including the modulation of cellular signaling pathways, homeostasis and redox adaptation to stress. This new concept has made it possible to exploit "oxidative stress" as a therapeutic approach to treat diseases such as cancer, resulting in a certain degree of clinical success. In this Special Issue, we invite researchers to provide original research articles and review articles that report results in the field of oxidative stress that are negative and/or positive for human health, taking different aspects of applied biology research (environmental and human biology and health sciences) into consideration, with particular attention to the role of ROS in the basic mechanisms involved in processes of expression, duplication, and transmission of genetic information, development, cell proliferation as well as differentiation and cellular interaction.

As Guest Editor, I invite you to contribute to the Special Issue on “Oxidative Stress and Applied Biology”. Original research reports and reviews will be published online in Antioxidants.

Prof. Antonia Patruno
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Redox signalling
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
Oxidative stress
Antioxidant systems
Interaction among cellular processes and ROS production

Published Papers (10 papers)

Download All Papers

Research

Jump to: Review

16 pages, 4915 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plant Volatile, Phenylacetaldehyde Targets Breast Cancer Stem Cell by Induction of ROS and Regulation of Stat3 Signal

by Hack Sun Choi, Su-Lim Kim, Ji-Hyang Kim, Yu-Chan Ko and Dong-Sun Lee

Antioxidants 2020, 9(11), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111119 - 13 Nov 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2307

Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are undifferentiated cells that give rise to tumor and resistance to chemotherapy. This study reports that phenylacetaldehyde (PAA), a flower flavor, inhibits formation on breast CSCs. PAA showed anti-proliferation and increased apoptosis of breast cancer. PAA also reduced tumor growth in an in vivo mice model. PAA reduced the CD44⁺/CD24⁻ and ALDH1-expressing cells, mammosphere formation, and CSC marker genes. PAA preferentially induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and combined treatment with PAA and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) decreased inhibition of mammosphere formation. PAA reduced phosphorylation of nuclear Stat3. PAA inhibited Stat3 signaling through de-phosphorylation of Stat3 and reduced secretory IL-6. Our results suggest that the PAA-induced ROS deregulated Stat3/IL-6 pathway and PAA may be a potential agent targeting breast cancer and CSCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative stress and Applied Biology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 4624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Combined Treatment with Low Cytotoxic Ethyl Acetate Nepenthes Extract and Ultraviolet-C Improves Antiproliferation to Oral Cancer Cells via Oxidative Stress

by Sheng-Yao Peng, Li-Ching Lin, Zhe-Wei Yang, Fang-Rong Chang, Yuan-Bin Cheng, Jen-Yang Tang and Hsueh-Wei Chang

Antioxidants 2020, 9(9), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9090876 - 16 Sep 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3335

Abstract

Ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation provides an alternative radiotherapy to X-ray. UVC sensitizer from natural products may improve radiotherapy at low cytotoxic side effects. The aim of this study is to assess the regulation for oral cancer cell proliferation by a combined treatment of UVC and our previously reported anti-oral cancer natural product (ethyl acetate extract of Nepenthes adrianii × clipeata; EANA). The detailed possible UVC sensitizing mechanisms of EANA such as effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA damage are investigated individually and in combination using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTS) assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting at low dose conditions. In a 24 h MTS assay, the low dose EANA (5 μg/mL) and low dose UVC (12 J/m²) individually show 80% and combinedly 57% cell proliferation in oral cancer Ca9-22 cells; but no cytotoxicity to normal oral HGF-1 cells. Mechanistically, low dose EANA and low dose UVC individually induce apoptosis (subG1 accumulation, pancaspase activation, and caspases 3, 8, 9), oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial membrane potential depletion), and DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine). Moreover, the combined treatment (UVC/EANA) synergistically induces these changes. Combined low dose treatment-induced antiproliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage were suppressed by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, UVC/EANA shows synergistic antiproliferation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage to oral cancer cells in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. With the selective killing properties of low dose EANA and low dose UVC, EANA provides a novel UVC sensitizing agent to improve the anti-oral cancer therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative stress and Applied Biology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 10352 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Saponin Formosanin C-Induced Ferritinophagy and Ferroptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

by Pin-Lun Lin, Han-Hsuan Tang, Shan-Ying Wu, Ning-Sing Shaw and Chun-Li Su

Antioxidants 2020, 9(8), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080682 - 29 Jul 2020

Cited by 71 | Viewed by 5151

Abstract

Ferroptosis, a recently discovered form of iron-dependent cell death, requires an increased level of lipid-reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ferritinophagy, a ferritin degradation pathway, depends on a selective autophagic cargo receptor (NCOA4). By screening various types of natural compounds, formosanin C (FC) was identified as a novel ferroptosis inducer, characterized by attenuations of FC-induced viability inhibition and lipid ROS formation in the presence of ferroptosis inhibitor. FC also induced autophagic flux, evidenced by preventing autophagic marker LC3-II degradation and increasing yellow LC3 puncta in tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3 (mRFP-GFP) reporter plasmid (ptfLC3) transfected cells when combined with autophagic flux inhibitor. It is noteworthy that FC-induced ferroptosis and autophagic flux were stronger in HepG2 cells expressing higher NCOA4 and lower ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) levels, agreeing with the results of gene expression analysis using CTRP and PRISM, indicating that FTH1 expression level exhibited a significant negative correlation with the sensitivity of the cells to a ferroptosis inducer. Confocal and electron microscopy confirmed the pronounced involvement of ferritinophagy in FC-induced ferroptosis in the cells with elevated NCOA4. Since ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death, our data suggest FC has chemotherapeutic potential against apoptosis-resistant HCC with a higher NCOA4 expression via ferritinophagy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative stress and Applied Biology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 3111 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Alterations in the Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in the Neurodevelopmental Rat Model of Schizophrenia Induced by Glutathione Deficiency during Early Postnatal Life

by Magdalena Górny, Anna Bilska-Wilkosz, Małgorzata Iciek, Marta Hereta, Kinga Kamińska, Adrianna Kamińska, Grażyna Chwatko, Zofia Rogóż and Elżbieta Lorenc-Koci

Antioxidants 2020, 9(6), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060538 - 19 Jun 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 7101

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), a glutathione (GSH) synthesis inhibitor, and GBR 12909, a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, administered alone or in combination to Sprague-Dawley rats during early postnatal development (p5–p16), on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LP) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione disulfide reductase (GR) in peripheral tissues (liver, kidney) and selected brain structures (prefrontal cortex, PFC; hippocampus, HIP; and striatum, STR) of 16-day-old rats. The studied parameters were analyzed with reference to the content of GSH and sulfur amino acids, methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) described in our previous study. This analysis showed that treatment with a BSO + GBR 12909 combination caused significant decreases in the lipid peroxidation levels in the PFC and HIP, in spite of there being no changes in ROS. The reduction of lipid peroxidation indicates a weakening of the oxidative power of the cells, and a shift in balance in favor of reducing processes. Such changes in cellular redox signaling in the PFC and HIP during early postnatal development may result in functional changes in adulthood. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative stress and Applied Biology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 2876 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Migratory Effects of 4′-Geranyloxyferulic Acid on LPS-Stimulated U937 and HCT116 Cells via MMP-9 Down-Regulation: Involvement of ROS/ERK Signaling Pathway

by Sara Franceschelli, Daniela Maria Pia Gatta, Alessio Ferrone, Giulia Mezza, Lorenza Speranza, Mirko Pesce, Alfredo Grilli, Marialucia Gallorini, Viviana di Giacomo, Barbara Ghinassi, Serena Fiorito, Salvatore Genovese, Emanuela Ricciotti, Mario Felaco and Antonia Patruno

Antioxidants 2020, 9(6), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060470 - 01 Jun 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3317

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis. 4′-geranyloxyferulic acid (GOFA) has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory proprieties. Herein, we aimed to determine whether this compound affects cell survival, invasion, and migration through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated MMPs activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and p38 signaling in lymphocytic histiocytoma (U937) and colorectal cancer (HCT116) cells. We observed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated U937 and HCT116 cells presented abnormal cell proliferation and increased metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity and expression. Non-cytotoxic doses of GOFA blunted matrix invasive potential by reducing LPS-induced MMP-9 expression and cell migration via inhibiting ROS/ ERK pathway. GOFA also attenuated apoptosis and cell senescence. Our findings indicate that GOFA, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and migration, could be therapeutically beneficial to prevent tumor metastasis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative stress and Applied Biology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 3235 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Up-Regulation of Superoxide Dismutase 2 in 3D Spheroid Formation Promotes Therapeutic Potency of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

by Miyoung Lee, Bo Ram Song, Dong Hyun Kim, Jueun Ha, Minju Lee, Soo Jin Choi, Wonil Oh, Soyoun Um and Hye Jin Jin

Antioxidants 2020, 9(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010066 - 11 Jan 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4633

Abstract

Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) are accessible, available in abundance, and have been shown to be a promising source that can regenerate cartilage in patients with osteoarthritis or other orthopedic diseases. Recently, a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture system was developed to mimic the naive tissue microenvironment. However, the efficacy of cells generated from the 3D spheroid culture system has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate the changes in superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression, an indicator of oxidative stress, on 3D spheroid MSCs. Moreover, siRNA transfection and neutralizing antibody investigations were performed to confirm the function of SOD2 and E-cadherin. Overall, we found that SOD2 siRNA transfection in the spheroid form of MSCs increases the expression of apoptotic genes and decreases the clearance of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a result, we confirm that 3D spheroid formation increases E-cadherin and SOD2 expression, ultimately regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/pAkt/pNrf2 and pERK/pNrf2 signaling pathway. Additionally, we show that SOD2 expression on 3D spheroid MSCs affects the regeneration rates of destructive cartilage in an osteoarthritic model. We postulate that the impact of SOD2 expression on 3D spheroid MSCs reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis, and also promotes cartilage regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative stress and Applied Biology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1406 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beneficial Role of ROS in Cell Survival: Moderate Increases in H₂O₂ Production Induced by Hepatocyte Isolation Mediate Stress Adaptation and Enhanced Survival

by Izak Patrik Miller, Ivan Pavlović, Borut Poljšak, Dušan Šuput and Irina Milisav

Antioxidants 2019, 8(10), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100434 - 01 Oct 2019

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4980

Abstract

High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to impairment of cell structure, biomolecules’ loss of function and cell death and are associated with liver diseases. Cells that survive increased ROS often undergo malignant transformation. Many cancer cells tolerate high levels of ROS. Here we report a transiently increased production of H₂O₂ and concomitant upregulation of antioxidative enzymes triggered by hepatocyte isolation; the H₂O₂ levels revert in about two days in culture. Three-day survival rate of the isolated cells in the presence of 2.5-fold increase of H₂O₂ is almost 80%. Apoptosis activation through the mitochondrial pathway is meanwhile reduced by inhibition of caspase-9 triggering. This reduction depends on the amount of H₂O₂ production, as decreased production of H₂O₂ in the presence of an antioxidant results in increased apoptosis triggering. These stress adaptations do not influence urea production, which is unchanged throughout the normal and stress adapted phases. We conclude that hepatocytes’ stress adaptation is mediated by increased ROS production. In this case, high ROS improve cell survival. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative stress and Applied Biology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3575 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modulation of Apoptotic Cell Death and Neuroprotective Effects of Glutathione—L-Dopa Codrug Against H₂O₂-Induced Cellular Toxicity

by Sara Franceschelli, Paola Lanuti, Alessio Ferrone, Daniela Maria Pia Gatta, Lorenza Speranza, Mirko Pesce, Alfredo Grilli, Ivana Cacciatore, Emanuela Ricciotti, Antonio Di Stefano, Sebastiano Miscia, Mario Felaco and Antonia Patruno

Antioxidants 2019, 8(8), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080319 - 19 Aug 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3944

Abstract

The L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (LD) is the gold standard drug currently used to manage Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to control its symptoms. However, LD could cause disease neurotoxicity due to the generation of pro-oxidant intermediates deriving from its autoxidation. In order to overcome this limitation, we have conjugated LD to the natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) to form a codrug (GSH-LD). Here we investigated the effect of GSH-LD on H₂O₂-induced cellular toxicity in undifferentiated and differentiated lymphoma U-937 and dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines, used respectively as models to study the involvement of macrophages/microglia and dopaminergic neurons in PD. We analyzed the effect of GSH-LD on apoptosis and cellular oxidative stress, both considered strategic targets for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Compared to LD and GSH, GSH-LD had a stronger effect in preventing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Moreover, GSH-LD was able to preserve cell viability, cellular redox status, gluthation metabolism and prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, in a phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/kinase B (Akt)-dependent manner, in a neurotoxicity cellular model. Our findings indicate that the GSH-LD codrug offers advantages deriving from the additive effect of LD and GSH and it could represent a promising candidate for PD treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative stress and Applied Biology)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Review

Jump to: Research

25 pages, 1189 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Treatments in Cardiovascular Diseases

by Wenjun Wang and Peter M. Kang

Antioxidants 2020, 9(12), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121292 - 17 Dec 2020

Cited by 83 | Viewed by 8586

Abstract

Oxidative stress plays a key role in many physiological and pathological conditions. The intracellular oxidative homeostasis is tightly regulated by the reactive oxygen species production and the intracellular defense mechanisms. Increased oxidative stress could alter lipid, DNA, and protein, resulting in cellular inflammation and programmed cell death. Evidences show that oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of various cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. There are a number of therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Well known antioxidants, such as nutritional supplements, as well as more novel antioxidants have been studied. In addition, novel therapeutic strategies using miRNA and nanomedicine are also being developed to treat various cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress. Then, we will introduce the relationship between oxidative stress and several cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we will focus on the clinical implications of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative stress and Applied Biology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 1846 KiB

Open AccessReview

Assessment of Subcellular ROS and NO Metabolism in Higher Plants: Multifunctional Signaling Molecules

by Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli, Kanika Khanna, Renu Bhardwaj, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Parvaiz Ahmad and Francisco J. Corpas

Antioxidants 2019, 8(12), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120641 - 12 Dec 2019

Cited by 310 | Viewed by 10894

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are produced in all aerobic life forms under both physiological and adverse conditions. Unregulated ROS/NO generation causes nitro-oxidative damage, which has a detrimental impact on the function of essential macromolecules. ROS/NO production is also involved in signaling processes as secondary messengers in plant cells under physiological conditions. ROS/NO generation takes place in different subcellular compartments including chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, vacuoles, and a diverse range of plant membranes. This compartmentalization has been identified as an additional cellular strategy for regulating these molecules. This assessment of subcellular ROS/NO metabolisms includes the following processes: ROS/NO generation in different plant cell sites; ROS interactions with other signaling molecules, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatase, calcium (Ca²⁺), and activator proteins; redox-sensitive genes regulated by the iron-responsive element/iron regulatory protein (IRE-IRP) system and iron regulatory transporter 1(IRT1); and ROS/NO crosstalk during signal transduction. All these processes highlight the complex relationship between ROS and NO metabolism which needs to be evaluated from a broad perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative stress and Applied Biology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Oxidative stress and Applied Biology

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (10 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI