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New Insights of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Cells

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2025 | Viewed by 560

Special Issue Editors


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Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: autophagy; apoptosis; myokines; oxidative stress; inflammation; aging
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Autophagy and apoptosis are essential cellular processes that maintain cellular homeostasis and respond to stressors, but their intricate interplay and roles in health and disease are still being explored. Autophagy is a catabolic process that involves the degradation and recycling of cellular components, helping cells adapt to nutrient deprivation, eliminate damaged organelles, and regulate inflammation. In contrast, apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death that eliminates damaged or dysfunctional cells to prevent malignancy and maintain tissue integrity. Recent research has revealed new insights into how these two processes are not entirely distinct but rather interconnected, with autophagy acting as a modulator of apoptosis in various cellular contexts. Under certain stress conditions, autophagy can suppress apoptosis by removing damaged organelles and proteins that might otherwise trigger cell death. However, in other scenarios, excessive or dysfunctional autophagy can promote apoptosis, especially in response to severe stressors such as DNA damage or viral infections. Furthermore, crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis is now understood to be regulated by a variety of signaling pathways, including those involving Bcl-2 family proteins, the mTOR pathway, and the tumor suppressor p53. These findings have significant implications for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.

In this Special Issue, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms governing autophagy and apoptosis, and their interactions, to open new therapeutic avenues, including the development of drugs that modulate these pathways for disease prevention and treatment.

Dr. Mirko Pesce
Prof. Dr. Antonia Patruno
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • autophagy
  • apoptosis
  • signal transduction
  • cell survival

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

27 pages, 1146 KiB  
Review
Biological Modulation of Autophagy by Nanoplastics: A Current Overview
by Francesco Fanghella, Mirko Pesce, Sara Franceschelli, Valeria Panella, Osama Elsallabi, Tiziano Lupi, Benedetta Rizza, Maria Giulia Di Battista, Annalisa Bruno, Patrizia Ballerini, Antonia Patruno and Lorenza Speranza
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7035; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157035 - 22 Jul 2025
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Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs), an emerging class of environmental pollutants, are increasingly recognized for their potential to interfere with critical cellular processes. Autophagy, a conserved degradative pathway essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and adaptation to stress, has recently become a focal point of nanotoxicology research. [...] Read more.
Nanoplastics (NPs), an emerging class of environmental pollutants, are increasingly recognized for their potential to interfere with critical cellular processes. Autophagy, a conserved degradative pathway essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and adaptation to stress, has recently become a focal point of nanotoxicology research. This review synthesizes current evidence on the interactions between NPs and autophagic pathways across diverse biological systems. Findings indicate that NPs can trigger autophagy as an early cellular response; however, prolonged exposure may lead to autophagic dysfunction, contributing to impaired cell viability and disrupted signaling. Particular attention is given to the physiochemical properties of NPs such as size, surface charge, and polymer type, which influence cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking. We also highlight key mechanistic pathways, including oxidative stress and mTOR modulation. Notably, most available studies focus almost exclusively on polystyrene (PS)-based NPs, with limited data on other types of polymers, and several reports lack comprehensive assessment of autophagic flux or downstream effects. In conclusion, a better understanding of NP–autophagy crosstalk—particularly beyond PS—is crucial to evaluate the real toxic potential of NPs and guide future research in human health and nanotechnology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Cells)
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