Novel Approaches in Natural Occuring Antioxidants in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 1489

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Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece
Interests: public health; hygiene; medicinal chemistry; natural products; antioxidants; pharmacoepidemiology; nutritional epidemiology; structure-activity relationships; drug utilisation; risk minimization and communication
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, there has been significant improvement in research on free radicals and their association with the generation and development of numerous chronic diseases. Although the production of free radicals is a naturally occurring process, in terms of human metabolism, many factors can play pivotal roles in their increased production, including environment, lifestyle, and pathological factors. This can lead to a state of oxidative stress, described as an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, where it is associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and other chronic and age-related diseases. Both natural and synthetic antioxidants hinder oxidative processes and thereby have the ability to delay or prevent oxidative stress. It is well known that fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidant-rich compounds such as phytochemicals, including carotenoids, flavonoids and others, vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, etc., which are thought to be responsible for health benefits and play significant roles in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Moreover, omega-3 and other fatty acids, which are also associated with a higher requirement for antioxidants, play a prophylactic role in many diseases. It is noteworthy that many of these compounds and extracts have been evaluated both in in vitro and in vivo studies, which have informed our knowledge of their role as potential therapeutic or preventive agents. This Special Issue of Antioxidants is focused on the new generation of nutraceutical products, their related mechanisms of action, and the contribution of antioxidants to both the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.

Dr. Christos Kontogiorgis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nutracuticals
  • antioxidants
  • phytochemicals
  • in vitro studies
  • in vivo studies
  • extracts
  • isolated compounds
  • chronic diseases
  • prevention
  • treatment
  • therapeutic

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

33 pages, 3834 KiB  
Review
Methylglyoxal Formation—Metabolic Routes and Consequences
by Janka Vašková, Gabriela Kováčová, Jakub Pudelský, Drahomír Palenčár and Helena Mičková
Antioxidants 2025, 14(2), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14020212 - 13 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1293
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO), a by-product of glycolysis, plays a significant role in cellular metabolism, particularly under stress conditions. However, MGO is a potent glycotoxin, and its accumulation has been linked to the development of several pathological conditions due to oxidative stress, including diabetes mellitus [...] Read more.
Methylglyoxal (MGO), a by-product of glycolysis, plays a significant role in cellular metabolism, particularly under stress conditions. However, MGO is a potent glycotoxin, and its accumulation has been linked to the development of several pathological conditions due to oxidative stress, including diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases. This paper focuses on the biochemical mechanisms by which MGO contributes to oxidative stress, particularly through the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), its interactions with antioxidant systems, and its involvement in chronic diseases like diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disorders. MGO exerts its effects through multiple signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2, which induce oxidative stress. Additionally, MGO triggers apoptosis primarily via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, while endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is mediated through PERK-eIF2α and IRE1-JNK signaling. Moreover, the activation of inflammatory pathways, particularly through RAGE and NF-κB, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. This study points out the connection between oxidative and carbonyl stress due to increased MGO formation, and it should be an incentive to search for a marker that could have prognostic significance or could be a targeted therapeutic intervention in various diseases. Full article
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