Radiation Exposure and Health: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response

Dear Colleagues,

The use of ionizing radiation in radiotherapy remains a cornerstone in the treatment of various malignancies. Beyond direct cytotoxicity, radiotherapy triggers a cascade of biological and immunological effects that extend to the surrounding (normal) tissue, which may receive low doses of ionizing radiation. A central feature of these effects is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. The disruption of redox homeostasis resulting from an imbalance between ROS production and the tissue’s antioxidants contributes not only to tumor control outcome but also significantly to radiation-induced (immunological) normal tissue toxicity. Oxidative stress inter alia initiates and perpetuates a robust inflammatory response characterized by the activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1, the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the recruitment of immune cells to the exposed tissues. While inflammation can support anti-tumor immunity, chronic or excessive inflammation often results in tissue damage, fibrosis, altered metabolic function, and, consequently, compromised tissue/organ function. Understanding the dual roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in radiotherapy is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing adverse effects.

This Special Issue will explore the molecular and clinical mechanisms of radiation-induced oxidative stress and inflammation at both high and low doses. Topics that are non-exclusive but of particular interest include interventions such as antioxidant supplementation, redox-modulating agents, and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies that can ameliorate the adverse effects of radiation exposure.

Prof. Dr. Siamak Haghdoost
Dr. Benjamin Frey
Guest Editors

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