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Antioxidants
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Development and Validation of Methods for Analysis of Oxidative Stress...
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Development and Validation of Methods for Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Humans and Animals—2nd Edition

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 5206

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. José Joaquín Cerón

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Interests: acute phase proteins; saliva; stress; biomarkers; oxidative status
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Camila Peres Rubio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
Interests: analytical and clinical validation; biomarkers of health and welfare; non-invasive techniques; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are delighted to be organizing Volume 2 of this Special Issue, entitled “Development and Validation of Methods for Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Humans and Animals”, especially given the success of Volume 1, which you can read here: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants/special_issues/Development_and_Validation_of_Methods_for_Analysis_of_Oxidative_Stress.

The evaluation of oxidative stress using biomarkers is gaining attention with research into humans and different animal species. Changes in oxidative status are involved in the physiopathological mechanisms of many diseases and have a strong relationship with health and welfare. An accurate evaluation and quantification of these changes could allow a determination of their magnitude and possible influences on health and disease status.

The development of new assays and methods for the analysis of different components of oxidative stress is of great importance to better evaluate this situation. These components involve assays for the evaluation of different antioxidants, such as glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and thiol, and for the antioxidant capacity, including TEAC, FRAP and CUPRAC, or oxidants, such as assays for ROS estimation.

This Special Issue deals with reports that involve an analytical validation of methods for analysing any component related to oxidative stress and redox status and developing new or improved assays and studies of their possible practical applications. This issue covers work with humans, and different animal species, as well as various sample types, in order to establish a broad view of the possibilities that the applications of these assays and methods can have.

Prof. Dr. José Joaquín Cerón
Dr. Camila Peres Rubio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antioxidants
  • assays
  • health
  • oxidants
  • redox
  • validation
  • welfare

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 866 KiB  
Communication
Evaluation of Glutathione (GSH) System in Porcine Saliva: Validation and Application of Colorimetric Method
by Gamze Gok, Salim Neselioglu, Heng-Lun Ko, Ozcan Erel, María José López-Martínez, Xavier Manteca and Camila Peres Rubio
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1231; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101231 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1386
Abstract
(1) Reduced glutathione (GSH) is considered the first line of antioxidant defense. During oxidative stress, it is oxidized to glutathione disulphide (GSSG). (2) A simple and quick spectrophotometric method based on sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reductant to measure the total [...] Read more.
(1) Reduced glutathione (GSH) is considered the first line of antioxidant defense. During oxidative stress, it is oxidized to glutathione disulphide (GSSG). (2) A simple and quick spectrophotometric method based on sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reductant to measure the total and reduced GSH in porcine saliva was analytically validated and evaluated in two situations in this species: (a) in a physiological situation, involving sows during the late lactation and post-weaning periods, and (b) in a situation of sepsis in pigs experimentally induced by LPS administration. (3) The results of the analytical validation showed that the assay was precise and accurate in the porcine saliva samples. Higher total GSH and GSSG and lower reduced GSH were observed in the saliva of sows during the post-weaning period, as well as in pigs with experimentally induced sepsis. (4) In conclusion, the validated assay showed adequate analytical results and could be used to evaluate the GSH system of porcine saliva, as demonstrated during the clinical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Validation of Methods for Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Humans and Animals—2nd Edition)
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Review

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25 pages, 1241 KiB  
Review
An Overview of Oxidative Stress in Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies in Pediatric Populations
by Roberto Paparella, Fabiola Panvino, Francesca Tarani, Benedetto D’Agostino, Lucia Leonardi, Giampiero Ferraguti, Sabrina Venditti, Fiorenza Colloridi, Ida Pucarelli, Luigi Tarani and Marco Fiore
Antioxidants 2025, 14(5), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14050531 - 29 Apr 2025
Viewed by 460
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs), such as Turner syndrome (TS) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS). Pediatric patients with SCAs are particularly susceptible due [...] Read more.
Background: Oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs), such as Turner syndrome (TS) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS). Pediatric patients with SCAs are particularly susceptible due to hormonal deficiencies, metabolic disturbances, and systemic complications. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in November 2024 using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Keywords included “antioxidants”, “oxidative stress”, “pediatrics”, “Turner syndrome”, “Klinefelter syndrome”, and “sex chromosome aneuploidies”. English-language articles were included without publication year restrictions. Relevant data on oxidative stress mechanisms and antioxidant interventions were systematically extracted. Results: The relationship between oxidative stress and SCAs can be described as bidirectional, where oxidative stress both contributes to and is exacerbated by aneuploidies. TS is marked by estrogen deficiency, cardiovascular anomalies, and metabolic dysfunction, all linked to heightened oxidative stress. KS is associated with hypogonadism, metabolic syndrome, and neurocognitive challenges, further exacerbated by oxidative damage. The aneuploid condition predisposes to increased oxidative stress in other SCAs, including 47,XXX and 47,XYY, as well as in high-grade aneuploidies. Emerging evidence highlights the therapeutic potential of antioxidants, including vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione precursors, polyphenols, and melatonin. These interventions, when combined with hormonal therapies such as estrogen replacement in TS or testosterone replacement in KS, demonstrate synergistic effects in restoring redox balance and mitigating systemic complications. Conclusions: Oxidative stress significantly impacts the progression of SCAs in pediatric populations, amplifying risks across metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive domains. Early, tailored antioxidant strategies, integrated with syndrome-specific hormonal therapies, could reduce long-term complications and improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on standardizing protocols to optimize these interventions for pediatric patients with SCAs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Validation of Methods for Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Humans and Animals—2nd Edition)
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24 pages, 2034 KiB  
Review
Overview of Clinical Relevance of Antibodies Against Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oLAb) Within Three Decades by ELISA Technology
by Willibald Wonisch, Franz Tatzber, Meinrad Lindschinger, Andreas Falk, Ulrike Resch, Sabrina Mörkl, Neven Zarkovic and Gerhard Cvirn
Antioxidants 2024, 13(12), 1560; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13121560 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 976
Abstract
One of the most prominent actions of oxidative stress is the attack of free radicals on poylyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), initiating a chain reaction to modify these PUFAs and generate oxidized modifications on all biomolecules. In the last quarter of the 20th century, [...] Read more.
One of the most prominent actions of oxidative stress is the attack of free radicals on poylyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), initiating a chain reaction to modify these PUFAs and generate oxidized modifications on all biomolecules. In the last quarter of the 20th century, intensive research was carried out to identify antibodies against such modifications. In the mid-1990s, the first enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was introduced to the market, significantly accelerating research activities and knowledge gain. During this pioneering period, the main focus was on cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and other diseases associated with oxidative stress. Subsequently, a standard range of these antibodies against oxidized LDL (oLAb) was determined in the population. Furthermore, the impact of exhaustive physical activity and diet on oLAb titers, and the correlation between newborns and mothers after delivery, as well as nutritional intake in newborns, were evaluated. Subsequently, the harmful effects of smoking and many other areas regarding oLAb titer were published, resulting in novel approaches for prognostic and therapeutic options, in particular through studies with antioxidants, which were able to influence oLAb significantly. This review presents an overview of the research activities obtained with this ELISA over the past three decades. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Validation of Methods for Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Humans and Animals—2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 13349 KiB  
Review
Innovations in Nuclear Medicine Imaging for Reactive Oxygen Species: Applications and Radiopharmaceuticals
by Joo Yeon Park, Sun Mi Park, Tae Sup Lee, Sang Ju Lee, Ji-Young Kim, Seung Jun Oh, Hai-Jeon Yoon, Bom Sahn Kim and Byung Seok Moon
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1254; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101254 - 17 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1487
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during normal cellular energy production and play a critical role in maintaining cellular function. However, excessive ROS can damage cells and tissues, contributing to the development of diseases such as cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review [...] Read more.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during normal cellular energy production and play a critical role in maintaining cellular function. However, excessive ROS can damage cells and tissues, contributing to the development of diseases such as cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review explores the potential of nuclear medicine imaging techniques for detecting ROS and evaluates various radiopharmaceuticals used in these applications. Radiopharmaceuticals, which are drugs labeled with radionuclides, can bind to specific biomarkers, facilitating their identification in vivo using nuclear medicine equipment, i.e., positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography, for diagnostic purposes. This review includes a comprehensive search of PubMed, covering radiopharmaceuticals such as analogs of fluorescent probes and antioxidant vitamin C, and biomarkers targeting mitochondrial complex I or cystine/glutamate transporter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Validation of Methods for Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Humans and Animals—2nd Edition)
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