Antioxidant Systems, Transcription Factors and Non-Coding RNAs

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "ROS, RNS and RSS".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2025 | Viewed by 664

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; cellular senescence; transcription factors; non-coding RNAs; chromatin remodeling factors
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antioxidant systems protect against perturbation of the intracellular redox status due to high levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Accordingly, dysfunction in these systems can trigger oxidative damage and foster diseases like neurodegeneration, senescence/aging, cancer, and different types of cardiac and kidney disorders. ROS/RNS-sensitive transcription factors closely associate with defense programs, since they can engage downstream enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant pathways to restore redox balance. These defense processes are often dynamically interlinked with post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms mediated by non-coding RNAs, mainly microRNAs, long-non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, also involved in epigenetic regulatory events. Therefore, the interplay between transcription factors and non-coding RNAs is found to be important within the antioxidant response, and ongoing research is focused on these redox regulators.

This Special Issue aims to collect original research articles, communications, and reviews defining novel non-coding RNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms that influence the activities of redox transcription factors and their importance in the antioxidant defense network. Exploring these characteristics may facilitate the development of novel non-coding RNA therapeutics, aimed at governing healthy living.

Dr. Raffaella Faraonio
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antioxidant systems
  • oxidative stress
  • transcription factors
  • non-coding RNAs
  • stress response

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 2923 KiB  
Article
Rubicon, a Key Molecule for Oxidative Stress-Mediated DNA Damage, in Ovarian Granulosa Cells
by Kiyotaka Yamada, Masami Ito, Haruka Nunomura, Takashi Nishigori, Atsushi Furuta, Mihoko Yoshida, Akemi Yamaki, Tomoko Nakamura, Akira Iwase, Tomoko Shima and Akitoshi Nakashima
Antioxidants 2025, 14(4), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14040470 - 15 Apr 2025
Viewed by 381
Abstract
Aging drives excessive ovarian oxidative stress (OS), impairing fertility and affecting granulosa cells (GCs), which are involved in folliculogenesis. This study aims to clarify the relationship between OS and autophagy in GCs and to identify compounds that enhance OS resistance. We identified Rubicon, [...] Read more.
Aging drives excessive ovarian oxidative stress (OS), impairing fertility and affecting granulosa cells (GCs), which are involved in folliculogenesis. This study aims to clarify the relationship between OS and autophagy in GCs and to identify compounds that enhance OS resistance. We identified Rubicon, an autophagy suppressor, as a key mediator of DNA damage in GCs under OS. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) compromised cell viability via DNA damage in the human GC cell line, HGrC1, without affecting autophagic activity. However, autophagy activation increased OS resistance in HGrC1 cells, and vice versa. Among clinically safe materials, trehalose, a disaccharide, protected cells as an autophagy activator against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Trehalose significantly increased autophagic activity, accompanied by reduced Rubicon expression, compared to other carbohydrates. It also reduced the expression of DNA damage-responsive proteins and the production of reactive oxygen species. Rubicon knockdown mitigated OS-induced DNA damage, while Rubicon overexpression enhanced DNA damage and decreased HGrC1 cell viability. Trehalose enhanced OS resistance by activating autophagy and suppressing Rubicon in a bidirectional manner. As Rubicon expression increases in aged human ovaries, trehalose may improve ovarian function in patients with infertility and other OS-related diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Systems, Transcription Factors and Non-Coding RNAs)
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