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Agronomy
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Evolution of Weed Resistant to Herbicides: A New Challenge for...
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Evolution of Weed Resistant to Herbicides: A New Challenge for Agriculture

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Weed Science and Weed Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 12065

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Antonia María Rojano-Delgado

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department Agricultural Chemistry & Soil Sciences, University Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
Interests: herbicide cross resistance; herbicide multiple resistance; herbicides; weeds; CytP450; GST; resistant mechanisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Advanced Research in Weed Science, Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
Interests: herbicide cross resistance; herbicide multiple resistance; herbicides; weeds; CytP450; GST; resistant mechanisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Agriculture has supplied the world`s food needs for a long time, being an important source in the economy of many countries. However, this is a task that is becoming more and more complicated, despite continuing to be a priority.

Currently, we can observe how our fields are being invaded by weed species that compete strongly among themselves, and that, despite our attempts to control them, they unexplainably survive and adapt.

Are they “super plants”? How are they evolving? What are we going to find in the near future?

Many resistance mechanisms are well known, having been developed by different weed biotypes and species. However, we are now observing new methods of detoxification or defense against their chemical control, which is developing into a serious problem. These mechanisms have a cost, but are they really worth the cost of these resistant mechanisms?

This Special Issue entitled "Evolution of Weed Resistant to Herbicides: A new challenge for Agriculture" will attempt to answer the previous questions. We welcome new research, reviews, and opinion articles covering all related topics, including new herbicide formulation studies, new active ingredients as herbicides, new cross-resistant and multiple-weed populations, resistant mechanisms, effectiveness enhancers, genetics and crop improvement, management solutions, nonchemical and chemical control alternatives, field case studies, fitness cost studies, and political positions regarding the use of herbicides. Research is the only tool to address the future problems without falling into past mistakes.

Dr. Antonia María Rojano-Delgado
Dr. Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • herbicide resistance
  • herbicides
  • weeds
  • CytP450
  • GST
  • resistant mechanisms
  • fitness cost
  • new formulations
  • evolution
  • agronomical costs
  • weed control solutions

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1400 KiB  
Article
Development of an Agar Bioassay Sensitivity Test in Alopecurus myosuroides for the Pre-Emergence Herbicides Cinmethylin and Flufenacet
by Miriam H. Messelhäuser, Alexander I. Linn, Anna Mathes, Bernd Sievernich and Roland Gerhards
Agronomy 2021, 11(7), 1408; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071408 - 14 Jul 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2250
Abstract
Rapid and reliable tests for pre-emergence herbicide susceptibility in weeds are important to test a wider range of accessions on their baseline sensitivity, as well as to provide information on putative resistance. This study focused on the development of an agar quick test [...] Read more.
Rapid and reliable tests for pre-emergence herbicide susceptibility in weeds are important to test a wider range of accessions on their baseline sensitivity, as well as to provide information on putative resistance. This study focused on the development of an agar quick test to determine sensitivity differences in Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. to pre-emergence herbicides containing flufenacet and cinmethylin. The new agar quick test and a standardized whole plant pot bioassay were conducted twice in 2019. For both test systems, seeds of 18 populations of A. myosuroides originated from Southwest Germany and Great Britain were used and treated with discriminating rates of herbicides in dose-response studies. After 28 days, the above-ground dry matter of the plants was determined and the resistance factors were calculated. The agar test was able to provide information on the resistance status of the tested biotype within 12 days. All populations did not show reduced sensitivity to cinmethylin. Within three populations, differences in sensitivity levels were observed between the two test systems. As cinmethylin is not yet marketed in Europe, these resistance factors can also be considered as a baseline sensitivity for A. myosuroides. For flufenacet, the resistance factors differed significantly from the whole plant pot bioassay and the agar test for the biotypes A (0.35, 13.1), C (0.56, 13.2), D (1.87, 12.4), E (15.5, 3.5) and H (2.95, 14). It was possible for the most part for the cinmethylin tested populations to confirm the results of the standardized whole plant pot bioassay in the agar bioassay sensitivity tests, and hence create a promising, faster test system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Weed Resistant to Herbicides: A New Challenge for Agriculture)
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12 pages, 2367 KiB  
Article
Mechanism(s) of Glyphosate Resistance in a Selected Plantago lanceolata (L.) R Biotype
by Vhuthu Ndou, Petrus Jacobus Pieterse, Dirk Jacobus Brand, Alvera Vorster, Amandrie Louw and Ethel Phiri
Agronomy 2021, 11(5), 884; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050884 - 30 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2351
Abstract
In 2003, a glyphosate-resistant plantago (Plantago lanceolata L.) population located in the Robertson district of South Africa was subjected to different glyphosate dosages and the highest dosage (7200 g a.e. ha−1) gave no acceptable levels of control. Here we reconfirm [...] Read more.
In 2003, a glyphosate-resistant plantago (Plantago lanceolata L.) population located in the Robertson district of South Africa was subjected to different glyphosate dosages and the highest dosage (7200 g a.e. ha−1) gave no acceptable levels of control. Here we reconfirm resistance and investigate the mechanism of glyphosate resistance. Dose-response curves indicated that the glyphosate dosage rate causing 50% survival (LD50) for the resistant (R) biotype is 43 times greater than for the susceptible (S) biotype, i.e., 43-fold resistant to glyphosate. Investigation into the molecular mechanism of plantago showed shikimate accumulation of the R biotype was lower than that of the S biotype. The reported 31P and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra show rapid glyphosate translocation into the young untreated leaves of the S biotype. No glyphosate translocation was observed in the R biotype. A point mutation in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene, resulting in an amino acid substitution was also observed, indicating two unique glyphosate resistance mechanisms within the R biotype. The rapid evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds threatens the usage of the world’s most important herbicide (glyphosate), which is essential in world food production and further limits grower options for weed control. New weed management strategies will be necessary to combat plantago R biotypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Weed Resistant to Herbicides: A New Challenge for Agriculture)
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17 pages, 3719 KiB  
Article
Environmental Factors Effects on Winter Wheat Competition with Herbicide-Resistant or Susceptible Silky Bentgrass (Apera spica-venti L.) in Poland
by Agnieszka Synowiec, Beata Jop, Krzysztof Domaradzki, Cezary Podsiadło, Dorota Gawęda, Roman Wacławowicz, Anna Wenda-Piesik, Mateusz M. Nowakowski, Jan Bocianowski, Katarzyna Marcinkowska and Tadeusz Praczyk
Agronomy 2021, 11(5), 871; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050871 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2007
Abstract
Environmental factors, including weather and soil conditions, can affect the competitive effects of weeds on crops. This work aimed at a comparison of the competitive abilities of winter wheat toward bentgrass (Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv) with single herbicide resistance, multiple herbicide [...] Read more.
Environmental factors, including weather and soil conditions, can affect the competitive effects of weeds on crops. This work aimed at a comparison of the competitive abilities of winter wheat toward bentgrass (Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv) with single herbicide resistance, multiple herbicide resistance, or a susceptible biotype in different environmental conditions of Poland. A replacement series competition model was applied in field conditions in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 across the country. A competitive ratio (CR) was calculated for the relative biomass of plants and grain number. A canonical variate analysis (CVA) was performed for biological parameters and a day-difference in emergence between winter wheat and bentgrass with the hydrothermal coefficient and soil texture in all of the sites in each season separately. Winter wheat emergence was correlated with the amount of precipitation after seeding, and was fastest for five days in humid conditions, and slowest up to 22 days, when the precipitation in October was low. The CVA proved that winter wheat’s competitive effects toward the susceptible or herbicide-resistant biotypes of bentgrass are site-specific. During the dry season, the bentgrass biotype with multiple herbicide resistance was more competitive toward winter wheat than the susceptible one. The wheat CR < 1 with regard to biomass and both biomass and the grain number was in 64% and 50% of all the combinations with the resistant biotype. In conclusion, weather affects the competitive effects of winter wheat toward herbicide-susceptible or resistant bentgrass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Weed Resistant to Herbicides: A New Challenge for Agriculture)
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13 pages, 2578 KiB  
Article
Glyphosate Resistance Confirmation and Field Management of Red Brome (Bromus rubens L.) in Perennial Crops Grown in Southern Spain
by José G. Vázquez-García, Patricia Castro, Hugo E. Cruz-Hipólito, Teresa Millan, Candelario Palma-Bautista and Rafael De Prado
Agronomy 2021, 11(3), 535; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030535 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1993
Abstract
The excessive use of the herbicide glyphosate on annual and perennial crops grown in Southern Spain has caused an increase in resistant weed populations. Bromus rubens has begun to spread through olive and almond cultivars due to low glyphosate control over these species, [...] Read more.
The excessive use of the herbicide glyphosate on annual and perennial crops grown in Southern Spain has caused an increase in resistant weed populations. Bromus rubens has begun to spread through olive and almond cultivars due to low glyphosate control over these species, whereas previously it had been well controlled with field dose (1080 g ae ha−1). Characterization using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers confirmed the presence of B. rubens collected in Andalusia. A rapid shikimic acid accumulation screening showed 17 resistant (R) populations with values between 300 and 700 µg shikimate g−1 fresh weight and three susceptible (S) populations with values between 1200 and 1700 µg shikimate g−1 fresh weight. In dose–response experiments the GR50 values agreed with previous results and the resistance factors (RFs: GR50 R/GR50 S (Br1)) were between 4.35 (Br9) and 7.61 (Br19). Foliar retention assays shown no differences in glyphosate retention in both R and S populations. The tests carried out in a resistant field (Br10) demonstrated the control efficacy of pre-emergence herbicides since flazasulfuron in the tank mix with glyphosate had up to 80% control 15 to 120 days after application (DAA) and grass weed postemergence herbicides, such as propaquizafop + glyphosate and quizalofop + glyphosate, had up to 90% control 15 to 90 DAA. Results confirm the first scientific report of glyphosate-resistant B. rubens worldwide; however, the use of herbicides with another mode of action (MOA) is the best tool for integrated weed management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Weed Resistant to Herbicides: A New Challenge for Agriculture)
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14 pages, 1215 KiB  
Article
Confirmation of Multiple Resistant Chloris radiata Population, Harvested in Colombian Rice Fields
by Verónica Hoyos, Guido Plaza, José G. Vázquez-Garcia, Candelario Palma-Bautista, Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado and Rafael De Prado
Agronomy 2021, 11(3), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030496 - 06 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2287
Abstract
This paper reports the first C. radiata population with resistance to glyphosate and multiple resistance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, imazamox. Two populations, one putative resistant (R) and one susceptible (S), were used in the studies. Dose–response experiments were performed to evaluate [...] Read more.
This paper reports the first C. radiata population with resistance to glyphosate and multiple resistance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, imazamox. Two populations, one putative resistant (R) and one susceptible (S), were used in the studies. Dose–response experiments were performed to evaluate the resistance factor (RF). Shikimic acid accumulation, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and ALS enzyme activities were studied together with chemical integrated weed management (adjuvants and alternative herbicides). The resistance to glyphosate and imazamox was confirmed based on the dry weight reduction, visual evaluation and survival. The results of dose–response curve assays showed for the R population intermedium RF for glyphosate (5.1 and 9.7 for amount of herbicide needed to reduce the dry weight by 50% GR50 and lethal dose of 50% LD50, respectively) and high RF for imazamox (34.9 and 37.4, respectively). The low shikimic acid accumulation in R population confirmed the glyphosate resistance. The glyphosate concentration which inhibited the EPSPS enzyme in 50% (I50) was approximately 20 times higher for R population than the S population, while the imazamox I50 in ALS enzyme for the R plants was 89 times greater than the S plants. In the chemical integrated weed management, the foliar retention and effectivity assays showed that the use of adjuvants improves the retention of glyphosate and imazamox, and the reduction in dry weight of weeds. The alternative herbicides study showed that the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, paraquat and glufosinate, had better results for control in this species. However, poor control was observed with bispyribac-sodium, metsulfuron-methyl and quinclorac, indicating possible cross-resistance for ALS-inhibitors and also multiple resistance for auxinic herbicides (quinclorac). Nevertheless dose–response experiments are required to confirm this assumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolution of Weed Resistant to Herbicides: A New Challenge for Agriculture)
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