Machine Learning in Precision Livestock Farming: From Animal Activity Forecasting to Environmental Control

A special issue of Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472). This special issue belongs to the section "Artificial Intelligence and Digital Agriculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 467

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Agroforestry Engineering, Higher Polytechnic Engineering School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
Interests: sustainable animal production; smart farming; environmental and animal variables modeling and control; agriculture monitoring; animal behavior; agriculture emissions
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Guest Editor
Centro de Investigacións Agrarias de Mabegondo, Axencia Galega da Calidade Alimentaria Xunta de Galicia, 15318 A Coruña, Spain
Interests: animal farming; environmental and animal variables modeling and control; animal welfare; machine learning; clean air farming

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The integration of machine learning (ML) into precision livestock farming (PLF) represents a significant leap forward in managing livestock populations more efficiently and sustainably. ML technologies are revolutionizing the way farmers monitor, manage, and predict animal behavior and health, providing valuable insights from animal housing to the prediction of activity patterns or more efficient ways of environmental control. As the industry faces increasing challenges, including environmental changes, ML offers innovative solutions to gain deeper insights into individual animals' health and welfare, such as detecting early signs of disease, assessing stress levels, predicting changes in feeding and movement patterns, or the evolution of indoor air quality.

ML in precision livestock farming (PLF) helps to predict animal behavior by analyzing past data, allowing farmers to prevent issues like overcrowding or food shortages. It also forecasts disease risks, enabling early treatment. Additionally, ML optimizes barn conditions (temperature, airflow) to reduce animal stress and adjusts feeding schedules for better health and productivity.

This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advancements in ML applications in precision livestock farming, from animal housing management to activity forecasting and predictive health monitoring. We invite contributions that examine the intersection of data analytics, sensor technologies, and AI models, as well as studies focusing on the sustainability and ethical considerations of implementing these technologies in livestock farming. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, this Special Issue aims to contribute to the development of more efficient, ethical, and sustainable farming practices.

Dr. María Dolores Fernández Rodríguez
Dr. Roberto Besteiro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • machine learning
  • precision livestock farming
  • artificial intelligence
  • algorithm
  • sensors
  • animal housing

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 8446 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Single-Shot Object Detection Models for Identifying Fanning Behavior in Honeybees at the Hive Entrance
by Tomyslav Sledevič
Agriculture 2025, 15(15), 1609; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15151609 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 296
Abstract
Thermoregulatory fanning behavior in honeybees is a vital indicator of colony health and environmental response. This study presents a novel dataset of 18,000 annotated video frames containing 57,597 instances capturing fanning behavior at the hive entrance across diverse conditions. Three state-of-the-art single-shot object [...] Read more.
Thermoregulatory fanning behavior in honeybees is a vital indicator of colony health and environmental response. This study presents a novel dataset of 18,000 annotated video frames containing 57,597 instances capturing fanning behavior at the hive entrance across diverse conditions. Three state-of-the-art single-shot object detection models (YOLOv8, YOLO11, YOLO12) are evaluated using standard RGB input and two motion-enhanced encodings: Temporally Stacked Grayscale (TSG) and Temporally Encoded Motion (TEM). Results show that models incorporating temporal information via TSG and TEM significantly outperform RGB-only input, achieving up to 85% mAP@50 with real-time inference capability on high-performance GPUs. Deployment tests on the Jetson AGX Orin platform demonstrate feasibility for edge computing, though with accuracy–speed trade-offs in smaller models. This work advances real-time, non-invasive monitoring of hive health, with implications for precision apiculture and automated behavioral analysis. Full article
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