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Actuators
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Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator
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Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825). This special issue belongs to the section "Control Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 15782

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Biao Xiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Interests: vibration measurement; active vibration control; magnetic suspension technology; signal processing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Cong Peng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
Interests: active vibration control; intelligent control; computer vision theory and application; measurement technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Haitao Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Instrumentation Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China
Interests: magnetic suspension motor; servo control; motor driver technology; position detection; signal processing; intelligent control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The electromagnetic actuator had been widely used in many fields, such as high-speed rotating machines, valves, and precision machinery. Advanced technologies in the control method of the electromagnetic actuator have become increasingly important to the industrial application. This Special Issue could be focused on the novel structure, manufacture technology, and advanced control methods of the electromagnetic actuator. We invite the submission of the latest high-quality contributions covering the advanced developments on the design, analysis, and control of electromagnetic actuators, including (but not limited to) the following technical areas:

- magnetic bearing;

- electromagnetic actuator;

- electromagnetic analysis;

- electromagnetic compatibility;

- advanced control theory;

- signal processing.

Dr. Biao Xiang
Prof. Dr. Cong Peng
Dr. Haitao Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Actuators is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • magnetic bearing
  • electromagnetic actuator
  • electromagnetic analysis
  • electromagnetic compatibility
  • advanced control theory
  • signal processing

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 10132 KiB  
Article
Optimization Design of Magnetically Suspended Control and Sensitive Gyroscope Deflection Channel Controller Based on Neural Network Inverse System
by Feiyu Chen, Weijie Wang, Chunmiao Yu, Shengjun Wang and Weian Zhang
Actuators 2024, 13(8), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13080302 - 7 Aug 2024
Viewed by 542
Abstract
To meet the strong coupling characteristics of the MSCSG deflection channel and the demand for high control accuracy, a two-degree-of-freedom deflection channel model is firstly established for the structure and working principle of the MSCSG; to meet the strong coupling between the two [...] Read more.
To meet the strong coupling characteristics of the MSCSG deflection channel and the demand for high control accuracy, a two-degree-of-freedom deflection channel model is firstly established for the structure and working principle of the MSCSG; to meet the strong coupling between the two channels, the inverse system method is used to decouple the model; then, the operation principle of the MSCSG system is introduced, and the modeling of the power amplifier is carried out; to meet the demand for high-precision control of the MSCSG rotor system, the RBF neural network is improved using the fuzzy method to achieve high-precision estimation of the residual coupling terms and deterministic disturbances, and the adaptive sliding mode controller is designed. For the high-precision control of the MSCSG rotor system, the fuzzy method is used to improve the RBF neural network to realize the high-precision estimation of the residual coupling term and uncertain perturbation, and the adaptive sliding mode controller is designed, and the convergence of the controller is proved on the basis of the Lyapunov stability criterion. Simulation analysis shows that the method has a large improvement in decoupling performance and anti-disturbance performance compared with the traditional method, and finally, the experiment verifies the effectiveness of the present method and achieves the optimization of the deflection channel controller. The method can be extended to other magnetic levitation actuators and related fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator)
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18 pages, 7944 KiB  
Article
Structural Optimization of a Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator Based on BP-NSGA-II Algorithm
by Yang Liu, Jianjun Meng and Tailong Li
Actuators 2024, 13(8), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13080293 - 3 Aug 2024
Viewed by 615
Abstract
This study introduces an integrated structural optimization design method based on a BP neural network and NSGA-II multi-objective genetic algorithm. Initially, a two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model of the Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator (GMA) was established, and the coupling simulation of the electromagnetic field, [...] Read more.
This study introduces an integrated structural optimization design method based on a BP neural network and NSGA-II multi-objective genetic algorithm. Initially, a two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model of the Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator (GMA) was established, and the coupling simulation of the electromagnetic field, structural field, and temperature field was conducted to obtain the GMA’s performance parameters. Subsequently, the structural parameters of the GMA magnetic circuit, including the magnetic conducting ring, magnetic conducting sidewall, magnetic conducting body, and coil, were used as inputs, and the axial magnetic induction intensity, uniformity of axial magnetic induction intensity, and coil loss on the Giant Magnetostrictive Material (GMM) rod were used as outputs to establish a back propagation (BP) neural network model. This model delineated the nonlinear relationship between structural parameters and performance parameters. Then, the BP-NSGA-II algorithm was applied to perform multi-objective optimization on the actuator’s structural parameters, resulting in a set of Pareto optimal non-dominated solutions, from which a set of optimal solutions was obtained using the entropy weight method. Finally, simulation analysis of this optimal solution was conducted, indicating that under a 5 A power supply excitation, the maximum axial magnetic induction intensity on the optimized GMM rod increased from 0.87 T to 1.12 T; the uniformity of axial magnetic induction intensity improved from 93.1% to 96.5%; and the coil loss decreased from 7.79 × 104 W/m3 to 4.97 × 104 W/m3. Based on the optimization results, a prototype actuator was produced, and the test results of the prototype’s output characteristics proved the feasibility of this optimization design method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator)
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15 pages, 4708 KiB  
Article
Minitype Arrays of Acoustically Actuated Magnetoelectric Antennas for Magnetic Induction Communication
by Shiyu Wang, Gaoqi Dou and Guangming Song
Actuators 2024, 13(8), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13080276 - 23 Jul 2024
Viewed by 519
Abstract
The magnetoelectric (ME) antennas rely on the mechanical movement of magnetic dipoles, making it possible to break the constraints on physical dimensions decided by the wavelength of the electromagnetic wavelength. The ME antennas achieve super-low frequency (SLF) communications with a smaller size to [...] Read more.
The magnetoelectric (ME) antennas rely on the mechanical movement of magnetic dipoles, making it possible to break the constraints on physical dimensions decided by the wavelength of the electromagnetic wavelength. The ME antennas achieve super-low frequency (SLF) communications with a smaller size to provide a novel solution for long-range, underwater, and underground communications; navigation over the horizon; and geological exploring. As a result, further theoretical research and optimization of ME antennas have been an open challenge for decades. Here, we report on minitype arrays of acoustically actuated ME antenna and their more rigorous equivalent circuits. These arrays of ME antenna adjust amplitude-frequency response through the mechanical regulation method. The mechanical parameters of ME antennas in the arrays result in regulating amplitude-frequency response, such as working frequency, fractional bandwidth, and intensity of magnetic induction. Our work provides a more accurate theoretical model and diverse array form over state-of-the-art ME antenna arrays. The frequency, fractional bandwidth, and magnetic induction strength of the ME antenna arrays were achieved to be adjustable in the ranges of 84 to 181 Hz, 3.9% to 8.3%, and two to four times, respectively. In addition, we have calculated the attenuation characteristics of ME antennas and their minitype arrays in seawater. The results show that the ME antenna array described in this manuscript is able to enhance the radiation intensity and information-loading capability, which has a positive potential for application in SLF communication systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator)
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22 pages, 5785 KiB  
Article
A Novel Physics-Informed Hybrid Modeling Method for Dynamic Vibration Response Simulation of Rotor–Bearing System
by Mengting Zhu, Cong Peng, Bingyun Yang and Yu Wang
Actuators 2023, 12(12), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12120460 - 11 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1570
Abstract
For rotor–bearing systems, their dynamic vibration models must be built to simulate the vibration responses that affect the safe and reliable operation of rotating machinery under different operating conditions. Single physics-based modeling methods can be used to produce sufficient but inaccurate vibration samples [...] Read more.
For rotor–bearing systems, their dynamic vibration models must be built to simulate the vibration responses that affect the safe and reliable operation of rotating machinery under different operating conditions. Single physics-based modeling methods can be used to produce sufficient but inaccurate vibration samples at the cost of computational complexity. Moreover, single data-driven modeling methods may be more accurate, employing larger numbers of measured samples and reducing computational complexity, but these methods are affected by the insufficient and imbalanced samples in engineering applications. This paper proposes a physics-informed hybrid modeling method for simulating the dynamic responses of rotor–bearing systems to vibration under different rotor speeds and bearing health statuses. Firstly, a three-dimensional model of a rolling bearing and its supporting force are introduced, and a physics-based dynamic vibration model that couples flexible rotors and rigid bearings is constructed using multibody dynamics simulation. Secondly, combining the simulation vibration data obtained using the physics-based model with measured vibration data, algorithms are designed to learn vibration generation and data mapping networks in series connection to form a physics-informed hybrid model, which can quickly and accurately output the vibration responses of a rotor–bearing system. Finally, a case study on the single-span rotor platform is provided. By comparing the signal output by the proposed physics-informed hybrid modeling method with the measured signal in the time and frequency domains, the effectiveness of proposed method under both constant- and variable-speed operating conditions are illustrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator)
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16 pages, 3267 KiB  
Article
Rate-Dependent Hysteresis Model of a Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator Based on an Improved Cuckoo Algorithm
by Yang Liu, Jianjun Meng and Jingnian Cao
Actuators 2023, 12(11), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12110400 - 26 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1249
Abstract
A rate-dependent asymmetric Prandtl–Ishilinskii (RAPI) model was proposed to tackle the serious rate-dependent hysteresis nonlinearity of the giant magnetostrictive actuator(GMA) output. First, a polynomial function was introduced based on the PI model, and hysteresis factors were introduced to the Play operator, which accurately [...] Read more.
A rate-dependent asymmetric Prandtl–Ishilinskii (RAPI) model was proposed to tackle the serious rate-dependent hysteresis nonlinearity of the giant magnetostrictive actuator(GMA) output. First, a polynomial function was introduced based on the PI model, and hysteresis factors were introduced to the Play operator, which accurately described the asymmetrical characteristic of the actuator output. On this basis, rate-dependent parameters were added to establish a rate-dependent RAPI model. Second, an improved cuckoo search (ICS) algorithm was proposed to solve the difficulty in the parameter identification of the RAPI model. For the ICS algorithm, the algorithm stability and optimization accuracy were improved using the adaptive step (AS) strategy and bird’s nest disturbance strategy. Then, the effectiveness of the ICS algorithm was tested by comparing it with other parameter identification algorithms. Finally, the rate-dependent RAPI model was verified by combining the output data of the giant magnetostrictive actuator under different frequencies. The results show that the rate-dependent RAPI model exhibits a higher accuracy than the PI model, thus verifying the effectiveness of the rate-dependent RAPI model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator)
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23 pages, 1168 KiB  
Article
A Non-Arrhenius Model for Mechanism Consistency Checking in Accelerated Degradation Tests
by Jiaxin You, Rao Fu, Huimin Liang and Yigang Lin
Actuators 2023, 12(8), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12080319 - 8 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1265
Abstract
Degradation models are central to the lifetime prediction of electromagnetic relays. Coefficients of degradation models under accelerated degradation test (ADTs) can be obtained experimentally, and it is customary to map these coefficients back to those describing the actual degradation by the so-called Arrhenius [...] Read more.
Degradation models are central to the lifetime prediction of electromagnetic relays. Coefficients of degradation models under accelerated degradation test (ADTs) can be obtained experimentally, and it is customary to map these coefficients back to those describing the actual degradation by the so-called Arrhenius model. However, for some components, such as springs in electromagnetic relays, the Arrhenius model is only appropriate over a certain ADT temperature range, which implies inaccurate mapping outside that range. On this point, an error function model (EFM) is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the Arrhenius model. EFM is derived from the average vibration energy of the crystal, which is further related to temperature alongside some constants. The empirical part of the paper compares the proposed EFM to the Arrhenius model for the ADT of 28-V–2-A electromagnetic relays. The results show that EFM is superior in describing the temperature characteristics of coefficients in the degradation model. Through mechanism consistency checking, EFM is also shown to be a better option than the Arrhenius model. Moving beyond the case of electromagnetic relays, EFM is thought to have better applicability in the degradation models of capacitors and rubbers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator)
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22 pages, 9050 KiB  
Article
Neural Network Sliding Model Control of Radial Translation for Magnetically Suspended Rotor (MSR) in Control Moment Gyro
by Jiqiang Tang, Min Zhang, Xu Cui, Jinji Sun and Xinxiu Zhou
Actuators 2023, 12(6), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12060217 - 23 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1548
Abstract
For a magnetically suspended control moment gyro (MSCMG), the high-speed rotor is actively suspended by magnetic bearings of 5-DOF, but the nonlinearity of the magnetic suspension force is one of the main reasons for the poor accuracy of radial translation control of the [...] Read more.
For a magnetically suspended control moment gyro (MSCMG), the high-speed rotor is actively suspended by magnetic bearings of 5-DOF, but the nonlinearity of the magnetic suspension force is one of the main reasons for the poor accuracy of radial translation control of the magnetically suspended rotor (MSR). To solve this problem, here, the characteristics of the magnetic suspension force are analyzed, and the nonlinear dynamic model of MSR is established. A sliding mode control (SMC) based on a neural network is presented, and the radial basis function (RBF) neural network is adopted to approximate the nonlinear displacement stiffness and the current displacement stiffness to weaken the chattering in SMC to improve the control accuracy of the MSR. The stability of the neural network SMC for the MSR is analyzed based on Lyapunov functions, and the rules of updating network weights are presented based on adaptive algorithms. Compared with these existing classic control methods, the simulation and experimental tests performed on a single-gimbal MSCMG with an angular momentum of 200 N.m.s indicated that this neural network SMC for MSR’s radial translation can not only make its suspension more stable but can also make its position precision higher. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator)
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25 pages, 6342 KiB  
Article
Research on Magnetic Characteristics and Fuzzy PID Control of Electromagnetic Suspension
by Wei Wei, Songjian Yu and Baozuo Li
Actuators 2023, 12(5), 203; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12050203 - 17 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1612
Abstract
This paper proposes an electromagnetic suspension with an electromagnetic actuator, which can improve the riding comfort and stability of the vehicle without changing the safety of traditional MacPherson suspension. First, the electromagnetic suspension structure is introduced, and the principle of the proposed actuator [...] Read more.
This paper proposes an electromagnetic suspension with an electromagnetic actuator, which can improve the riding comfort and stability of the vehicle without changing the safety of traditional MacPherson suspension. First, the electromagnetic suspension structure is introduced, and the principle of the proposed actuator is described in detail. Second, a magnetic flux density model of a single PM ring (permanent magnetic ring) and a magnet assembly are built, and a theoretical analysis of the magnetic flux density is carried out for comparison. Then, the magnetic flux distribution of the magnetic field is simulated and analyzed using the finite element method (FEM), and is compared with theoretical and other experimental data. Finally, a vehicle dynamics model with 7 DOF is built, and vehicle simulations based on the fuzzy PID algorithm are carried out on a C-grade road surface and a deceleration strip. The theoretical results and simulation analyses of the FEM indicate that compared with the MacPherson suspension, the root mean square values of the acceleration of centroid acceleration for the electromagnetic suspension are increased by 59.08% and 33.34%, respectively, on a C-grade road surface and a deceleration strip, and other physical quantities have also been improved. The structure and characteristics of the proposed electromagnetic suspension that improve the riding comfort of the suspension and enhance the stability of the MacPherson suspension are feasible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator)
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17 pages, 5229 KiB  
Article
Contribution to Improve Magnetic Performance and Torque Ripple Reduction of the Low-Speed DSPM Machine
by Tarek Kendjouh, Cherif Guerroudj, Jean-Frédéric Charpentier, Nicolas Bracikowski, Larbi Hadjout and Lemnouer Bekhouche
Actuators 2023, 12(5), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12050195 - 9 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1689
Abstract
This article deals with the performance improvement of a toothed pole variable reluctance machine excited by permanent magnets housed in the stator yoke. The objective was to reduce the electromagnetic torque ripples caused by the structure geometry and by the supply technique. The [...] Read more.
This article deals with the performance improvement of a toothed pole variable reluctance machine excited by permanent magnets housed in the stator yoke. The objective was to reduce the electromagnetic torque ripples caused by the structure geometry and by the supply technique. The machine was designed to meet the specifications of a small wind energy conversion system. The proposed solution improved the electromagnetic design of the new structure in order to minimize the variation of the reluctance. This improvement was obtained by action on the geometry of the structure (the location of the permanent magnets), by action on the stator and rotor tooth pitch, and by the application of an indirect control strategy called torque sharing function. The PSO optimization algorithm was applied in the first part for the optimization of the machine’s global parameters to maximize torque density and then, in the second part, for the research of the optimum tooth pitch parameters to minimize torque ripple. Static and dynamic performances were obtained using 2D-FEM and MATLAB/Simulink software. The results reveal that by action on the stator/rotor tooth pitch, the ripple torque was reduced by about 53%, and by approximately 76% with the used command technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator)
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22 pages, 10599 KiB  
Article
Control of an Outer Rotor Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Generator for Fixed Pitch kW Range Wind Turbine Using Overspeed Flux Weakening Operations
by Aziz Remli, Cherif Guerroudj, Jean-Frédéric Charpentier, Tarek Kendjouh, Nicolas Bracikowski and Yannis L. Karnavas
Actuators 2023, 12(4), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12040168 - 6 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1834
Abstract
This paper deals with the analysis of the dynamic performance of a generator with a doubly salient exterior rotor excited by permanent magnets inserted in the stator yoke. The electrical generator works at low speed and is devoted to a wind energy conversion [...] Read more.
This paper deals with the analysis of the dynamic performance of a generator with a doubly salient exterior rotor excited by permanent magnets inserted in the stator yoke. The electrical generator works at low speed and is devoted to a wind energy conversion system. Indeed, the studied generator is a robust high-torque machine and can be directly coupled to the turbine blades. It must therefore assure the energy conversion for wind speeds lower or higher than its base speed. In fact, the control technique used in this work covers the two main operating zones: below the base speed and above it. In the first case, the maximum torque per ampere control law is developed; however, when the base speed is reached, the flux decay control law is implemented and, consequently, the system works above the nominal conditions. Fuzzy logic controllers are employed to regulate direct and quadrature machine currents and DC voltage in order to obtain satisfactory regulation performances. The ensemble of the wind turbine and electrical machine with technical control is performed in Matlab/Simulink software. The simulation results obtained show the capability of the machine to operate at variable speeds, ensuring efficient energy conversion under and over the nominal speed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator)
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17 pages, 6489 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Vibration Absorbing Performance of 5-DoF Magnetically Suspended Momentum Wheel Based on Damping Regulation
by Biao Xiang and Hu Liu
Actuators 2023, 12(4), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/act12040152 - 2 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1316
Abstract
The vibration performance is critical to the suspension control and the torque precision of the magnetically suspended momentum flywheel (MSMW). The translational and torsional vibration of the MSMW are investigated in this article, and the damping regulation method is proposed to improve the [...] Read more.
The vibration performance is critical to the suspension control and the torque precision of the magnetically suspended momentum flywheel (MSMW). The translational and torsional vibration of the MSMW are investigated in this article, and the damping regulation method is proposed to improve the anti-vibration performance of the MSMW. Firstly, the modellings of the MSMW, including the dynamic models and the displacement coordinate, are developed, and the comprehensive damping characteristics of the MSMW are investigated. Moreover, the transfer functions of the translational and the torsional vibrations are established using the dimensionless model, and the relationship between the dynamic response and the stiffness/damping coefficient is studied. Furthermore, the numerical simulations of the dynamic response of the translational and torsional vibration are conducted. Finally, the experiments are designed to verify the vibration characteristics of the MSMW, and the dynamic displacements are measured to analyze the anti-vibration performance of the proposed damping regulation method. The results indicate that the displacement deflection of the translational vibration is reduced by 68.8%, and the angle deflection of the torsional vibration is mitigated by 71.2% by regulating the damping coefficient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies on the Control Method of Electromagnetic Actuator)
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