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25 May 2026

Knidos F, L and N: Three Deep Sea Shipwrecks from the Byzantine Period

and
1
Faculty of Letters, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34134, Türkiye
2
History Department, Luther College, Decorah, IA 52101, USA
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Abstract

This study examines three Byzantine-period amphora carriers (Knidos F, L, and N) discovered off the coast of Knidos within the context of Eastern Mediterranean maritime trade. The research is based on deep-water surveys conducted by ROVs from the E/V Nautilus, combined with seabed mapping and typological analysis of amphora assemblages. The Knidos F and L wrecks carried predominantly Günsenin Type I amphorae and date to the 10th–12th centuries, reflecting the revival of Byzantine maritime commerce. Knidos N represents a later, likely 13th-century context with a distinct amphora assemblage. Together, these wrecks highlight the continued commercial significance of the Carian maritime corridor in Byzantine shipping networks.

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