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Sci, Volume 8, Issue 4

2026 April - 26 articles

Cover Story: This review highlights cutting-edge co-formulation strategies for dry powder inhalers. Co-amorphous systems and co-crystals combine two compounds into one single particle, improving aerodynamics, solubility, and dissolution. Spray-dried core–shell microparticles physically separate drugs, enabling controlled, interaction-free release and tailored pharmacokinetics. Co-spray drying can produce dual-drug powders with excellent aerosolization and stability. Nanoparticle platforms promise superior lung deposition and cellular uptake. The review further highlights advanced in vitro models, such as air–liquid interface cultures, organoids, lung-on-chip, and precision cut lung slices, with aerosol exposure to enable more realistic in vitro testing and contribute to the reduction of animal testing. These two factors are important for facilitating the translation of dry-powder formulations. View this paper
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Articles (26)

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
841 Views
17 Pages

Carbonation and Chloride Attack in 3D-Printed Cementitious Materials: A Systematic Durability Review

  • Rui Reis,
  • Francisca Aroso,
  • Aires Camões,
  • Filipe Brandão,
  • Bruno Figueiredo and
  • Paulo J. S. Cruz

20 April 2026

3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) is increasingly explored as a digital fabrication technology offering design freedom, automation, and material efficiency. Nevertheless, its application in reinforced and long-life structures remains limited by insufficien...

(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2,429 Views
22 Pages

Integrative Medical Perspective on Laser Acupuncture for Pain Management

  • Laura Marinela Ailioaie,
  • Gerhard Litscher and
  • Constantin Ailioaie

17 April 2026

Laser acupuncture (LA) integrates principles of traditional acupuncture with photobiomodulation (PBM) and has gained increasing attention as a non-invasive modality for pain management. PBM-based integrative LA in medicine refers to the application o...

(This article belongs to the Section Integrative Medicine)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,298 Views
43 Pages

17 April 2026

Climate change is modifying the physical structure and biogeochemical functioning of stratified marine systems, with important consequences for trace element (TE) transport, speciation, and exposure. The Black Sea provides a structurally amplified ca...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,348 Views
21 Pages

Proteomic Differences in the Hypothalamus May Influence Weight Gain in Rats Fed a Cafeteria Diet

  • Sergio Guzmán-Rodríguez,
  • Judith Nwaiwu,
  • Cristian D. Gutiérrez-Reyes,
  • Ricardo Romero-Guevara,
  • Jesús Chávez-Reyes,
  • Favour Chukwubueze,
  • Oluwatosin Daramola,
  • Tuli Bhattacharjee,
  • Yehia Mechref and
  • Bruno Antonio Marichal-Cancino

14 April 2026

Eating behavior requires a balance between metabolic and hedonic components. Anxiety and dietary type may influence the quantity, patterns, and other aspects of food intake. Modern diets, especially in Western societies, often contain high levels of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue One Health)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1,730 Views
24 Pages

14 April 2026

This review summarizes innovative co-formulation strategies for non-marketed dry powder inhalers (DPIs), enabling the simultaneous pulmonary delivery of multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Key approaches include co-amorphous systems (C...

(This article belongs to the Section Biology Research and Life Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,275 Views
25 Pages

10 April 2026

Viral infections of grapevines reduce plantation productivity and planting material quality, necessitating the development of effective sanitization methods and comprehensive systems for monitoring plant physiological status. This study conducted a c...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers—Multidisciplinary Sciences 2025)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,509 Views
50 Pages

Transforming Beekeeping Through Technology: A Systematic Review of Precision Beekeeping

  • Ashan Milinda Bandara Ratnayake,
  • Hazwani Suhaimi and
  • Pg Emeroylariffion Abas

9 April 2026

Beekeeping is a profitable and mind-relaxing practice; however, monitoring beehives poses significant challenges, such as consuming time and potentially disturbing hive equilibrium, which may lead to colony collapse. Developing precision beekeeping (...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers—Multidisciplinary Sciences 2025)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1,718 Views
24 Pages

9 April 2026

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is one of the most versatile and widely studied photochemical approaches for the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. Owing to its favorable physicochemical properties, titanium dioxide (TiO2) remains one of the most i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,481 Views
19 Pages

8 April 2026

This study investigates European citizens’ perspectives on farmers’ roles, highlighting gender, age, education, political orientation, community size, social class, and attitudes towards the EU. This study was developed using 21,002 inter...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
2,587 Views
30 Pages

Exercise-Induced Changes in Circulating Exerkines Associated with Brain Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Healthy Populations

  • Songxin Tang,
  • Raquel Pedrero-Chamizo,
  • Eva Gesteiro,
  • Carlos Quesada-González,
  • Margarita Pérez-Ruiz and
  • Marcela González-Gross

8 April 2026

Exerkines are released in response to physical exercise and play a key role in promoting health, such as taking part in modulating brain morphology and function. Expression levels of some of them are associated with an increase in neuroplasticity and...

(This article belongs to the Section Sports Science and Medicine)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
865 Views
20 Pages

Bioaccumulation of Macro- and Microelements, Including Potentially Toxic Metals(loid)s, in Pods and Leaves of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Cultivated in a Contaminated Area

  • Letícia Rosa de Moraes Borges,
  • Alessandro Carvalho da Fonseca,
  • Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo,
  • Rosângela dos Santos Ferreira,
  • Aline Carla Inada,
  • Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães,
  • Priscila Aiko Hiane,
  • Valter Aragão do Nascimento and
  • Karine de Cássia Freitas

7 April 2026

Cowpeas are a legume widely consumed in Brazil. Given this, the objective of this study was to investigate the presence of metals (loids) in pods and leaves of Vigna unguiculata located near a highway with high vehicle traffic and a landfill, and to...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,301 Views
31 Pages

Revisiting the ‘Morita II’ Paradigm in Stevia rebaudiana: Genetic Bottlenecks, Steviol Glycoside Biology and Precision Breeding Pathways

  • Luis Alfonso Rodríguez-Páez,
  • Alfredo Jarma-Orozco,
  • Maria Ileana Oloriz-Ortega and
  • Novisel Veitía Rodríguez

7 April 2026

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a strategically important perennial crop because it is the main botanical source of steviol glycosides, a group of high-intensity, non-caloric sweeteners increasingly demanded by the global food and beverage industry. Des...

(This article belongs to the Section Biology Research and Life Sciences)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1,018 Views
21 Pages

3 April 2026

Several long-standing empirical laws in geophysics have recently come under scrutiny, with emerging evidence suggesting that some may be based on misinterpretations of seismic data. These developments have been facilitated by the application of Explo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,111 Views
27 Pages

3 April 2026

This study examines land surface temperature (LST) variability over Malta, a small island in the central Mediterranean, using satellite observations compared with in situ near-surface air temperature (NSAT) measurements. The analysis focuses on the c...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental and Earth Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3,761 Views
16 Pages

2 April 2026

Background: This study investigated the relationship between weekly structured physical exercise (PE) volume and type and the risk of eating disorders (EDs), with particular attention to age and sex differences. Methods: A total of 417 healthy adults...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,244 Views
19 Pages

1 April 2026

Trauma and substance use disorders commonly co-occur, are clinically complex, and are associated with poorer outcomes. This study applies mixture modeling methods in a co-occurring model to examine group membership patterns across trauma and substanc...

(This article belongs to the Section Integrative Medicine)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,495 Views
16 Pages

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Grown Under Different Growing Conditions

  • Nadezhda Traycheva Petkova,
  • Plamen Zorovski,
  • Ivan Ivanov,
  • Ivayla Dincheva and
  • Tatyana Bileva

1 April 2026

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) grown under two farming systems (conventional vs. organic farming). From the content of photosynthetic pigments, total pheno...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,101 Views
12 Pages

Hexane Fraction of Cinnamomum verum Leaves Induces Apoptosis-like Cell Death in Leishmania amazonensis

  • Caroline Martins Jesus,
  • Fernanda Farias Costa,
  • Louriane Nunes Gomes,
  • Luis Douglas Miranda Silva,
  • Yaron Santos Alencar,
  • Richard Pereira Dutra,
  • Cláudia Quintino da Rocha,
  • Lucilene Amorim Silva and
  • Aramys Silva Reis

1 April 2026

Leishmaniasis is a serious public health issue, but current treatments have significant adverse effects. Although the leishmanicidal potential of Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) bark is well known, the therapeutic potential of its leaves for leishmaniosi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue One Health)
  • Article
  • Open Access
860 Views
13 Pages

Evaluation of Chlorella vulgaris and Laurus nobilis as Feed Additives: Influence on Physiology of Nutrition in New Zealand White Rabbit

  • Aneta Kišova,
  • Aleksandra Sergeeva,
  • Rastislav Jurčik,
  • Ľubomír Ondruška,
  • Július Arvay,
  • Roman Mlynár and
  • Francesco Vizzarri

1 April 2026

Dietary phytogenic additives and microalgae are increasingly investigated as natural alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in rabbit production due to their potential effects on gut health and nutrient utilisation. This study evaluated the nutr...

(This article belongs to the Section Biology Research and Life Sciences)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,198 Views
25 Pages

Meta-Analysis on Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy Between Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare Professionals

  • Prem Kumar,
  • Nouf A. Alnaimi,
  • Sumi Soman,
  • Leda Suansing,
  • Daniel Ryan Arriola and
  • Lamiaa Al Jamea

31 March 2026

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) can significantly enhance the efficient allocation of healthcare resources. The use of AI-driven diagnostic tests in healthcare settings supports healthcare professionals (HCPs) in diagnosis, treatment, and th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,116 Views
26 Pages

Application of Rosa damascena By-Product Extract in Kashkaval Cheese: Effects on Physicochemical, Microbiological, Texture and Sensory Properties

  • Mihaela Ivanova,
  • Aneta Kisova,
  • Alexandar Balabanov,
  • Milena Dimitrova-Dicheva,
  • Nikolay Kolev,
  • Ivelina Ivanova,
  • Georgi Peychev,
  • Desislava Vlahova-Vangelova and
  • Francesco Vizzarri

31 March 2026

The incorporation of natural plant extracts into dairy products has attracted increasing interest due to their potential to enhance nutritional value and product stability. This study evaluated the effects of distilled rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) flo...

(This article belongs to the Section Biology Research and Life Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,444 Views
21 Pages

31 March 2026

Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs) are life-sustaining devices used in the prevention of sudden death in patients suffering from advanced cardiac diseases. Although improvements in ICD technology and monitoring capabilities have been made...

(This article belongs to the Section Biology Research and Life Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,536 Views
14 Pages

26 March 2026

The purported benefits of Virtual Reality for pilot flight simulator training, such as increased immersion and presence, would be of great benefit in training those flight skills that rely on visuospatial awareness. The implementation of this technol...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,902 Views
29 Pages

Efficiency and Sustainability in Industrial Biogas Plants: Bibliometric Review of Key Operating Parameters and Emerging Process Metrics

  • Yoisdel Castillo Alvarez,
  • Johan Joel Cordero Noa,
  • Gerald Vasco Quispe Soto and
  • Reinier Jiménez Borges

26 March 2026

Industrial-scale Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a key technology for the energy recovery of agro-industrial and municipal waste and for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions; however, the actual operational performance of industrial biodigesters co...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental and Earth Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,259 Views
18 Pages

Dispersive Optical Properties and Refractive Index of [BMIM][SCN] Ionic Liquids with Transition Metal Coordination

  • Bilal S. Algnamat,
  • Ahmad A. Abushattal,
  • Amani F. Kraishan,
  • Monther Alsboul,
  • Mou’ad A. Tarawneh,
  • Alá S. Alnaimat and
  • Deshinta Arrova Dewi

25 March 2026

We investigated the influence of transition metal coordination on the optical dispersion and thermo-optic behavior of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([BMIM][SCN]). Refractive index measurements in the visible–near-infr...

(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science)
  • Review
  • Open Access
1,428 Views
25 Pages

Review on Exploring Machine Learning Classifiers in the Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease

  • Sonam Bhandurge,
  • Kuldeep Sambrekar,
  • Rashmi Laxmikant Malghan and
  • Karthik M C Rao

24 March 2026

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global healthcare issue that highlights the need for early identification for better quality of life for patients. This study evaluates various machine learning (ML) classifiers on datasets from UCI and self-collecte...

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Sci - ISSN 2413-4155