Alkaline Extraction for Lead Determination in Different Types of Commercial Paints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Initial calibration verification: within ±10% of the known value of the standard control.
- Initial calibration blank: an absolute value of no more than 20% of the LOQ value.
- Continuing calibration verification: within ±10% of the known value of the standard control.
- Continuing calibration blank: an absolute value of no more than 20% of the LOQ value.
- Matrix spike (fortifications): within ±25% of the known value.
- Triplicate sample: within ±25% of the RSD.
- Method blank: an absolute value of no more than 20% of the LOQ value.
3. Results
3.1. Method Validation
3.2. Pb Content of Paint Samples
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Paint Product | Number of Samples | Pb Concentrations | RSD | Fortification Recovery Rates | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum Value | Maximum Value | Mean Value | Minimum Value | Maximum Value | Mean Value | Minimum Value | Maximum Value | Mean Value | ||
water-based 1 | 135 | < LOD | 12,715.3 | 738.4 | 0.0% | 14.8% | 4.7% | 80.8% | 119.2% | 101.1% |
solvent-based | 38 | < LOD | 10,502.9 | 1316.7 | 0.0% | 13.7% | 4.7% | 80.4% | 119.4% | 101.4% |
epoxy | 5 | 16.2 | 3081.7 | 1167.8 | 0.7% | 11.6% | 4.7% | 83.9% | 114.1% | 100.2% |
alkyd enamels 2, 3 | 4 | 172.8 | 727.7 | 447.0 | 0.9% | 8.1% | 5.0% | 82.2% | 108.7% | 97.0% |
synthetic enamels | 40 | < LOD | 21,044.5 | 5578.5 | 0.0% | 13.4% | 2.8% | 80.3% | 119.3% | 101.7% |
lacquers 1 | 2 | 483.4 | 826.5 | 654.9 | 4.7% | 6.0% | 5.3% | 94.0% | 109.0% | 101.5% |
putties | 5 | < LOD | 98.5 | 37.1 | 0.0% | 12.4% | 5.6% | 94.7% | 109.3% | 103.4% |
pure pigments | 9 | < LOD | 145.1 | 33.1 | 0.0% | 11.4% | 3.7% | 92.0% | 118.4% | 101.4% |
preformed thermoplastics 2 | 8 | < LOD | 77.0 | 20.9 | 0.0% | 2.7% | 1.6% | 86.6% | 107.1% | 97.9% |
resins | 4 | 4.6 | 189.9 | 124.4 | 0.8% | 10.8% | 7.4% | 102.0% | 115.9% | 107.4% |
TOTAL | 250 | 4.6 | 21,044.5 | 1011.9 | 0.0% | 14.8% | 4.6% | 80.3% | 119.4% | 101.3% |
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Romero-Estévez, D.; Yánez-Jácome, G.S.; Simbaña-Farinango, K.; Vélez-Terreros, P.Y.; Navarrete, H. Alkaline Extraction for Lead Determination in Different Types of Commercial Paints. Methods Protoc. 2019, 2, 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps2040084
Romero-Estévez D, Yánez-Jácome GS, Simbaña-Farinango K, Vélez-Terreros PY, Navarrete H. Alkaline Extraction for Lead Determination in Different Types of Commercial Paints. Methods and Protocols. 2019; 2(4):84. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps2040084
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomero-Estévez, David, Gabriela S. Yánez-Jácome, Karina Simbaña-Farinango, Pamela Y Vélez-Terreros, and Hugo Navarrete. 2019. "Alkaline Extraction for Lead Determination in Different Types of Commercial Paints" Methods and Protocols 2, no. 4: 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/mps2040084