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Volume 11
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10.3390/fluids11060146
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Numerical Investigation of Dynamics and Particle Transport in Gas–Liquid–Solid Three-Phase Multi-Source Converging Flows

by
Lei Wang
1,
Zhiqiang Hu
1,
Lilin Li
1,
Zhenxiang Zhang
1 and
Liang Tao
2,*
1
SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China
2
College of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fluids 2026, 11(6), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids11060146
Submission received: 12 May 2026 / Revised: 4 June 2026 / Accepted: 9 June 2026 / Published: 10 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics Applied to Transport Phenomena)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study utilizes a large-scale numerical simulation model to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior and particle transport characteristics of gas–liquid–solid three-phase flow in vertical wellbores featuring multi-source confluence and curved geometries. Simulation results indicate that increasing flow velocity shifts the dominant control mechanism from surface tension to inertial forces, transitioning the flow pattern from slug flow to churn flow. In curved pipe sections, centrifugal phase separation and geometric shielding effects cause significant flow asymmetry and maintain large bubble stability at the inner wall. Additionally, the multi-inlet structure induces shear rate gradients that result in the spatial coexistence of two distinct bubble scales. Furthermore, localized gas concentrations exceeding 70% at the upper inlet can trigger severe gas-locking phenomena and intense pressure pulsations.
Keywords: multiphase flow; particle transport; multi-source confluence; curved pipe; gas lift optimization multiphase flow; particle transport; multi-source confluence; curved pipe; gas lift optimization

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, L.; Hu, Z.; Li, L.; Zhang, Z.; Tao, L. Numerical Investigation of Dynamics and Particle Transport in Gas–Liquid–Solid Three-Phase Multi-Source Converging Flows. Fluids 2026, 11, 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids11060146

AMA Style

Wang L, Hu Z, Li L, Zhang Z, Tao L. Numerical Investigation of Dynamics and Particle Transport in Gas–Liquid–Solid Three-Phase Multi-Source Converging Flows. Fluids. 2026; 11(6):146. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids11060146

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Lei, Zhiqiang Hu, Lilin Li, Zhenxiang Zhang, and Liang Tao. 2026. "Numerical Investigation of Dynamics and Particle Transport in Gas–Liquid–Solid Three-Phase Multi-Source Converging Flows" Fluids 11, no. 6: 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids11060146

APA Style

Wang, L., Hu, Z., Li, L., Zhang, Z., & Tao, L. (2026). Numerical Investigation of Dynamics and Particle Transport in Gas–Liquid–Solid Three-Phase Multi-Source Converging Flows. Fluids, 11(6), 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids11060146

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