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Bioengineering
Volume 13
Issue 6
10.3390/bioengineering13060675
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Effects of SWEEPS Laser-Activated Irrigation and Diode Laser Irradiation on Void Formation and Bond Strength of a New Premixed Calcium Silicate Sealer, BioRoot Flow—An In Vitro Study

by
Gabrijela Kapetanović Petričević
1,*,
Maša Milanović-Litre
2,
Ivana Milanović
3,
Marko Katić
2,
Ivica Anić
1 and
Ivona Bago
1
1
Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
Department of Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
3
Clinic of Restorative Odontology and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Bioengineering 2026, 13(6), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13060675
Submission received: 29 April 2026 / Revised: 28 May 2026 / Accepted: 6 June 2026 / Published: 10 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Laser Therapy in Oral Diseases: Second Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two laser-assisted disinfection techniques on the porosity and bond strength (BS) of a new premixed calcium silicate sealer. Forty extracted human single-rooted premolars with one root canal were prepared up to 50/.05. Samples were randomly assigned to the groups (n = 10 each): 1. shock wave-enhanced emission of photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) (20 mJ, 15 Hz, 0.60 W, pulse duration 25 µs), 2. diode laser (975 nm, 1.5 W), 3. conventional needle and syringe irrigation (CI), and 4. control (C), with no final irrigation protocol. Root canals were filled with a premixed calcium silicate sealer using the single-cone obturation technique. Micro-CT scans were performed after two weeks to determine the presence of voids in the filling. Dentinal discs from the middle third were prepared for push-out testing. Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Dunn tests were used, with significance set at 5%. Micro-CT analysis detected porosity in all samples, with no significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05). SWEEPS showed the highest BS values (median 3.233 MPa) and outperformed CI and C (median 1.923 and 1.989 MPa) (p < 0.05) overall. SWEEPS enhanced the BS compared with CI. Voids were present in all experimental groups.
Keywords: bioceramic sealer; bond strength; micro-CT; SEM; push-out test; laser-activated irrigation; SWEEPS; diode laser bioceramic sealer; bond strength; micro-CT; SEM; push-out test; laser-activated irrigation; SWEEPS; diode laser

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kapetanović Petričević, G.; Milanović-Litre, M.; Milanović, I.; Katić, M.; Anić, I.; Bago, I. Effects of SWEEPS Laser-Activated Irrigation and Diode Laser Irradiation on Void Formation and Bond Strength of a New Premixed Calcium Silicate Sealer, BioRoot Flow—An In Vitro Study. Bioengineering 2026, 13, 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13060675

AMA Style

Kapetanović Petričević G, Milanović-Litre M, Milanović I, Katić M, Anić I, Bago I. Effects of SWEEPS Laser-Activated Irrigation and Diode Laser Irradiation on Void Formation and Bond Strength of a New Premixed Calcium Silicate Sealer, BioRoot Flow—An In Vitro Study. Bioengineering. 2026; 13(6):675. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13060675

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kapetanović Petričević, Gabrijela, Maša Milanović-Litre, Ivana Milanović, Marko Katić, Ivica Anić, and Ivona Bago. 2026. "Effects of SWEEPS Laser-Activated Irrigation and Diode Laser Irradiation on Void Formation and Bond Strength of a New Premixed Calcium Silicate Sealer, BioRoot Flow—An In Vitro Study" Bioengineering 13, no. 6: 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13060675

APA Style

Kapetanović Petričević, G., Milanović-Litre, M., Milanović, I., Katić, M., Anić, I., & Bago, I. (2026). Effects of SWEEPS Laser-Activated Irrigation and Diode Laser Irradiation on Void Formation and Bond Strength of a New Premixed Calcium Silicate Sealer, BioRoot Flow—An In Vitro Study. Bioengineering, 13(6), 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13060675

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