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Article

NMR-Based Metabolomic Comparison of Brassica oleracea (Var. italica): Organic and Conventional Farming

by
Massimo Lucarini
1,*,
Maria Enrica Di Cocco
2,
Valeria Raguso
2,
Flavia Milanetti
2,
Alessandra Durazzo
1,
Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia
1,
Antonello Santini
3,
Maurizio Delfini
2 and
Fabio Sciubba
2,*
1
CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
2
Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00181 Rome, Italy
3
Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Foods 2020, 9(7), 945; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9070945
Submission received: 12 June 2020 / Revised: 14 July 2020 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 / Published: 17 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Foods and Plants Using Advanced Analytical Techniques)
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Abstract

Brassicaceae family provides several crops which are worldwide known for their interesting phytochemical profiles, especially in terms of content of glucosinolates. These secondary metabolites show several beneficial effects toward consumers’ health, and several studies have been conducted to identify cultivation factors affecting their content in crops. One of the agronomic practices which is attracting growing interest is the organic one, which consists in avoiding the use of mineral fertilizers as well as pesticides. The aim of this study is to define the metabolic profile of Brassica oleracea (var. italica) and to compare the samples grown using organic and conventional fertilization methods. The hydroalcoholic and organic extracts of the samples have been analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Forty-seven metabolites belonging to the categories of organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, sterols, and other molecules have been identified. Thirty-seven metabolites have been quantified. Univariate and multivariate PCA analyses allowed to observe that the organic practice influenced the nitrogen transport, the carbohydrate metabolism, the glucosinolate content and the phenylpropanoid pathway in B. oleracea (var. italica).
Keywords: NMR; metabolomics; Brassica oleracea (var. italica); organic and conventional pratices; glucosinolates NMR; metabolomics; Brassica oleracea (var. italica); organic and conventional pratices; glucosinolates
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MDPI and ACS Style

Lucarini, M.; Di Cocco, M.E.; Raguso, V.; Milanetti, F.; Durazzo, A.; Lombardi-Boccia, G.; Santini, A.; Delfini, M.; Sciubba, F. NMR-Based Metabolomic Comparison of Brassica oleracea (Var. italica): Organic and Conventional Farming. Foods 2020, 9, 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9070945

AMA Style

Lucarini M, Di Cocco ME, Raguso V, Milanetti F, Durazzo A, Lombardi-Boccia G, Santini A, Delfini M, Sciubba F. NMR-Based Metabolomic Comparison of Brassica oleracea (Var. italica): Organic and Conventional Farming. Foods. 2020; 9(7):945. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9070945

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucarini, Massimo, Maria Enrica Di Cocco, Valeria Raguso, Flavia Milanetti, Alessandra Durazzo, Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia, Antonello Santini, Maurizio Delfini, and Fabio Sciubba. 2020. "NMR-Based Metabolomic Comparison of Brassica oleracea (Var. italica): Organic and Conventional Farming" Foods 9, no. 7: 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9070945

APA Style

Lucarini, M., Di Cocco, M. E., Raguso, V., Milanetti, F., Durazzo, A., Lombardi-Boccia, G., Santini, A., Delfini, M., & Sciubba, F. (2020). NMR-Based Metabolomic Comparison of Brassica oleracea (Var. italica): Organic and Conventional Farming. Foods, 9(7), 945. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9070945

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