European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

19 pages, 676 KiB

Open AccessReview

Cyberpsychopathy: A Multidimensional Framework for Understanding Psychopathic Traits in Digital Environments

by Alexandre Hudon, Emmy Harvey, Sandrine Nicolas, Mathieu Dufour, Caroline Guérin-Thériault, Julie Bérubé-Fortin, Isabelle Combey, Yu Chen Yue, Antoine Perreault, Stéphanie Borduas Pagé and Véronique MacDermott

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060107 - 10 Jun 2025

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital communication platforms has created new spaces for antisocial, manipulative, and emotionally detached behaviors. While psychopathy has been extensively studied in clinical and forensic settings, its digital manifestation, referred to as cyberpsychopathy, remains conceptually underdefined. This integrative review aimed [...] Read more.

The rapid expansion of digital communication platforms has created new spaces for antisocial, manipulative, and emotionally detached behaviors. While psychopathy has been extensively studied in clinical and forensic settings, its digital manifestation, referred to as cyberpsychopathy, remains conceptually underdefined. This integrative review aimed to synthesize empirical research exploring psychopathy and aversive personality traits in online contexts to identify key conceptual domains and propose a preliminary definition. A systematic search across five databases yielded 35 peer-reviewed studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Using a biopsychosocial framework and thematic synthesis, six interrelated domains were identified: online behaviors (e.g., trolling and deception), online environments (e.g., anonymity and reward mechanisms), sociodemographic factors (e.g., age and gender), personality traits (e.g., psychopathy and narcissism), psychological factors (e.g., emotion dysregulation and low self-esteem), and motivations (e.g., dominance and emotional compensation). These domains interact to shape how psychopathic tendencies manifest online. Most studies were of moderate-to-high methodological quality, though variability limited direct comparisons. We propose cyberpsychopathy as a multidimensional construct representing the expression of aversive traits facilitated by digital affordances and psychological vulnerabilities. This review provides a foundational framework for understanding cyberpsychopathy and underscores the need for empirical validation and the development of assessment tools suited to digital behavior in both clinical and forensic settings. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 572 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceived Stress and Society-Wide Moral Judgment

by Yi Chen, Junfei Lu, David I. Walker, Wenchao Ma, Andrea L. Glenn and Hyemin Han

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060106 - 10 Jun 2025

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between perceived stress and society-wide moral judgment by integrating two influential frameworks: the neo-Kohlbergian approach and the CNI model of utilitarian-deontological decision-making. The neo-Kohlbergian approach to moral judgment proposes three moral schemas: (1) Personal Interest (PI), where decisions [...] Read more.

This study examines the relationship between perceived stress and society-wide moral judgment by integrating two influential frameworks: the neo-Kohlbergian approach and the CNI model of utilitarian-deontological decision-making. The neo-Kohlbergian approach to moral judgment proposes three moral schemas: (1) Personal Interest (PI), where decisions are self-focused; (2) Maintaining Norms (MN), which emphasizes adherence to social rules and norms; and (3) Postconventional (PC), where universal ethical principles are prioritized. The CNI model for Utilitarian-Deontological judgment features three psychological processes in decision-making: Sensitivity to Consequence, Sensitivity to Norm, and Inaction Preference. A survey study was conducted to measure perceived stress, neo-Kohlbergian moral judgment (using the behavioral Defining Issues Test [DIT]), and the psychological processes underlying utilitarian-deontological decision-making (CNI). The results indicate that higher perceived stress is linked to greater PI schema endorsement, reduced Norm Sensitivity, and increased Consequence Sensitivity. Furthermore, the PI schema mediated the relationship between perceived stress and Norm Sensitivity. These findings provide insights into how stress shapes moral reasoning and decision-making, with implications for psychological and ethical studies. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1192 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Links Among Risky Substance Use, Problematic Internet Use, and Academic Outcomes in University Freshmen: The Role of Mediating Factors

by Jessica Dagani, Chiara Buizza, Clarissa Ferrari, Giuseppe Rainieri and Alberto Ghilardi

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060105 - 7 Jun 2025

Viewed by 118

Abstract

Background: Alcohol and substance use among young people is a well-documented public health concern, and is particularly prevalent in college populations. Problematic internet use is also an emerging issue, with potential negative effects on academic achievement. University dropout remains a critical challenge, especially [...] Read more.

Background: Alcohol and substance use among young people is a well-documented public health concern, and is particularly prevalent in college populations. Problematic internet use is also an emerging issue, with potential negative effects on academic achievement. University dropout remains a critical challenge, especially among freshmen, with research highlighting the role of academic engagement factors such as motivation, self-efficacy, and university connectedness in students’ academic trajectories. Methods: This study explored the relationships among risky substance use, problematic internet use, academic engagement factors, and academic outcomes, identifying potential mediators. Freshmen from an Italian university were invited to complete an online survey assessing these variables. The study defined two academic outcomes: (i) academic performance (Grade Point Average, GPA) and (ii) dropout intentions. Spearman’s rho coefficients and multiple linear regression models examined the associations among risky substance/internet use, academic engagement factors, and academic outcomes. Mediation analyses assessed whether academic engagement variables mediated the relationship between risky substance/internet use and academic outcomes. Results: The results showed that only problematic internet use was significantly associated with GPA, with self-efficacy and lack of motivation fully mediating this relationship. Regarding dropout intentions, problematic internet use and the risky use of alcohol, cannabis, and sedatives were directly and positively associated with dropout intentions. Several motivation subscales, self-efficacy, and university connectedness mediated these relationships. Conclusions: These findings highlight the role of academic engagement factors in mitigating the impact of risky behaviors on students’ academic trajectories, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 343 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Teachers’ Practices in Developing Entrepreneurial Competence for Innovative Quality Education

by Andrea Gracia-Zomeño, Eduardo García-Toledano, Ramón García-Perales and Ascensión Palomares-Ruiz

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060104 - 7 Jun 2025

Viewed by 222

Abstract

Entrepreneurial Competence (EC) is increasingly recognized as essential to foster innovation and enhance educational quality. This study explores how education professionals perceive and develop the EC within educational centres, using a qualitative approach through structured interviews with education professionals. The findings highlight the [...] Read more.

Entrepreneurial Competence (EC) is increasingly recognized as essential to foster innovation and enhance educational quality. This study explores how education professionals perceive and develop the EC within educational centres, using a qualitative approach through structured interviews with education professionals. The findings highlight the need for a more explicit and systematic development of the EC, emphasizing continuous teacher training in entrepreneurial approaches. While digital and paper-based resources support the EC, educators stress the importance of active and practical methodologies such as Project-Based Learning and Learning by Doing. Limited collaboration among educators is identified as a barrier to effectively foster EC. Moreover, the lack of strategic planning within educational institutions remains an obstacle. This study underscores the importance of introducing structured and innovative pedagogical approaches to ensure that students cultivate the skills necessary to navigate an evolving and uncertain future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Teaching Innovation in Higher Education: Areas of Knowledge)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 247 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factorial Reduction of the Main Scales of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) in Mexican Health Sciences University Students

by Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia, Edgar Ulises Velarde-Partida, Laura Arely Carrillo-Delgadillo, Saúl Ramírez-De-los-Santos and Fabiola Macías-Espinoza

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060103 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 155

Abstract

Background: MSLQ is a self-report instrument that measures motivational orientations and learning strategies of college students and is widely used to measure self-regulated learning. MSLQ has not been translated into Spanish and validated in the Spanish-speaking Latin American population. Objective: The objective of [...] Read more.

Background: MSLQ is a self-report instrument that measures motivational orientations and learning strategies of college students and is widely used to measure self-regulated learning. MSLQ has not been translated into Spanish and validated in the Spanish-speaking Latin American population. Objective: The objective of the study is to adapt, validate, and perform a factorial reduction of 9 out of 15 scales of the MSLQ instrument and correlate the scales with the grade point average (GPA) of a sample of health sciences university students. Methods: Nine scales (48 items) of the MSLQ were translated into Spanish and adapted to the Mexican population. Students were invited directly in their classrooms and filled out an electronic questionnaire with personal variables and these nine scales of the MSLQ instrument. We performed exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) and based on the EFA a reduced version of the instrument was proposed. Results: A total of 439 students were included. The CFA showed unacceptable fit parameters with the original scale, therefore an item reduction and rearrangement were performed according to the EFA, and this yielded a reduced version with six scales and 25 items which showed acceptable fit parameters. This new reduced version rearranged the items of the effort regulation scale (ERE) into two different scales newly created in this version: time regulation (TRE) and self-regulation (SRE). The scales that disappeared in the reduced version were: intrinsic goal orientation (IGO), meta-cognitive self-regulation (MSR), and elaboration (ELA). Conclusions: The reduced version showed acceptable fit parameters that included the creation of two new scales (TRE and SRE). In addition, two scales were reduced (TVA and CTH), three scales were modified (MSE, TSE and ERE), two were unmodified (RHE and ORG), and two scales were eliminated (IGO and ELA). Full article

13 pages, 349 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Consistency Analysis of Assessment Boards in University Entrance Examinations in Spain

by Alejandro Veas and José-Antonio López-Pina

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060102 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 219

Abstract

University entrance examinations (EBAU in Spanish) are a nationwide program for assessing student achievement levels in Spain and determining access to public undergraduate degrees. Considering the need to measure the progress of rater performance, this study analyzes rating data from the June 2018 [...] Read more.

University entrance examinations (EBAU in Spanish) are a nationwide program for assessing student achievement levels in Spain and determining access to public undergraduate degrees. Considering the need to measure the progress of rater performance, this study analyzes rating data from the June 2018 exam sitting in the Valencian Community, Spain. A total of 54 assessment boards and 3000 students from five public universities were observed. The Many-Facet Rasch Model (MFRM) was used as an extension of the one-parameter Rasch measurement model. All facets involved in analyses (examination board severity, subject difficulty, and group performance) were located on a common underlying linear scale. The results showed large inconsistencies in the rating process, with differences in the severity levels of many subjects both within and between universities. This study may serve as a starting point for a reflective debate on the need to apply better criteria for ensuring the comparability of examination standards in Spain. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Properties of the SEQ-W Scale: An Instrument for the Estimation of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

by M. Isabel Soler-Sánchez, José Antonio López-Pina and Mariano Meseguer-de Pedro

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060101 - 5 Jun 2025

Viewed by 184

Abstract

(1) Background: Sexual harassment in the workplace is a problem that particularly affects women and is not an exception in the world of work. Factors such as power asymmetry, the predominantly masculinized culture in many organizations, and the potential impunity of perpetrators increase [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Sexual harassment in the workplace is a problem that particularly affects women and is not an exception in the world of work. Factors such as power asymmetry, the predominantly masculinized culture in many organizations, and the potential impunity of perpetrators increase the associated risks. This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire-Workplace (SEQ-W) to measure sexual harassment at work and assess its validity in Spanish. (2) Methods: A total of 120 active female workers (67.5% European and 32.5% South American) participated, completing validated instruments to measure sexual harassment, workplace bullying, self-perceived health, and job satisfaction. The questionnaires were administered online, ensuring anonymity and explaining the study’s objectives. (3) Results: An exploratory factor analysis revealed a bifactorial structure with the dimensions “Sexual Harassment by Coercion” and “Harassment by Unwanted Sexual Attention.” Both dimensions demonstrated adequate internal consistency, concurrent validity with workplace bullying and well-being scales, and discriminant validity with job satisfaction. Additionally, a pronounced floor effect was observed, indicating a low prevalence of sexual harassment in the sample. (4) Conclusions: the SEQ-W scale is a useful tool for assessing sexual harassment among active Spanish-speaking female workers, considering its validated bidimensional structure in Spanish. Full article

16 pages, 488 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Traditional and Cyberbullying Profiles in Omani Adolescents: Differences in Internalizing/Externalizing Symptoms, Prosocial Behaviors, and Academic Performance

by Ahmed Al Saidi, Claudio Longobardi, Matteo Angelo Fabris, Sofia Mastrokoukou and Shanyan Lin

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060100 - 4 Jun 2025

Viewed by 686

Abstract

In the digital age, adolescents spend considerable time online, heightening their exposure to both cyberbullying and traditional bullying. However, few studies have investigated both forms of victimization simultaneously, particularly regarding their impact on adolescents in Middle Eastern countries such as Oman. This study [...] Read more.

In the digital age, adolescents spend considerable time online, heightening their exposure to both cyberbullying and traditional bullying. However, few studies have investigated both forms of victimization simultaneously, particularly regarding their impact on adolescents in Middle Eastern countries such as Oman. This study used latent profile analysis to identify victimization profiles based on indicators of verbal, social, physical, and cyberbullying victimization. The participants included 1204 Omani students (604 girls, 50.2%; M = 14.04, SD = 0.20, aged 14–15). Three victimization profiles emerged: (1) non-victims (n = 989, 82.1%), (2) traditional victims (n = 156, 13.0%), and (3) dual victims (n = 59, 4.9%). The BCH approach revealed that adolescents in the non-victims profile, with the lowest levels of both traditional and cyberbullying victimization, reported the lowest levels of internalizing (M = 10.14, SD = 0.11) and externalizing symptoms (M = 10.36, SD = 0.10) and the highest academic performance (M = 4.59, SD = 0.02), whereas their prosocial behaviors were relatively low (M = 4.71, SD = 0.08). Adolescents in the traditional victims’ profile had moderate levels on nearly all outcomes. Adolescents in the dual victims’ profile, who experienced both traditional and cyberbullying, reported the highest levels of behavioral symptoms (M_{internalizing} = 11.94, SD_{internalizing} = 0.34; M_{externalizing} = 12.81, SD_{externalizing} = 0.38) and prosocial behaviors (M = 5.63, SD = 0.36), along with the lowest academic performance (M = 4.37, SD = 0.11). These findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive, multi-level interventions to protect Omani adolescents from both traditional and cyberbullying and to support their academic and psychosocial well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Social Media on Public Health and Education)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 583 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations Between Social Functioning and Indicators of University Student Engagement

by Marco Turi, Rocco Servidio, Giovanna Esposito, Flaviana Tenuta, Lorena Montesano, Andrea De Giacomo, Antonella Valenti, Maria Francesca Freda, Linda S. Pagani and Francesco Craig

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060099 - 3 Jun 2025

Viewed by 275

Abstract

Less socially adaptive behaviors have often been underestimated in university students, with limited research addressing their impact on academic functioning. This study aimed to identify distinct profiles of social functioning difficulties in university students and to examine their associations with academic engagement, learning [...] Read more.

Less socially adaptive behaviors have often been underestimated in university students, with limited research addressing their impact on academic functioning. This study aimed to identify distinct profiles of social functioning difficulties in university students and to examine their associations with academic engagement, learning difficulties, and psychological distress. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted with 540 undergraduate university students (mean age = 23.06, SD = 6.53; 89.7% female). Participants completed standardized self-report assessments of social functioning (SRS-2), academic engagement (SAES), learning difficulties (Vinegrad Plus), and psychological distress (GAD-7, PHQ-9). Latent profile analysis (LPA), based on ASD-related traits, revealed two latent profiles: one reflecting non-social functioning difficulties (311 participants, 57.6%—Profile 1) and another reflecting social functioning difficulties (229 participants, 42.4%—Profile 2), while binomial regression analyses examined their associations with academic outcomes. Participants in Profile 2 scored significantly higher than those in Profile 1 across all SRS-2 variables—awareness, cognition, communication, motivation, and restricted interests and repetitive behavior (p = 0.001)—indicating greater overall functioning in these domains. Students in the Non-social functioning difficulties profile showed higher levels of academic engagement in all areas. In contrast, students in the Social functioning difficulties profile experienced more self-reported learning challenges (p = 0.001), anxiety (p = 0.001), and depression (p = 0.001), underscoring the significant differences in social, academic, and emotional outcomes between the two profiles. These findings underscore the impact of vulnerability to social functioning difficulties on academic engagement, highlighting the need for tailored support systems within higher education settings. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 519 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mediating and Moderating Mechanisms in the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Adolescent Aggression: A Scoping Review of Quantitative Evidence

by Georgios Giannakopoulos and Afroditi Prassou

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060098 - 3 Jun 2025

Viewed by 285

Abstract

Adolescents’ pervasive use of social media has been increasingly linked to aggression, including cyberbullying and hostile online interactions. While this association is well documented, the psychological and contextual mechanisms that mediate or moderate it remain unclear. This scoping review maps quantitative evidence on [...] Read more.

Adolescents’ pervasive use of social media has been increasingly linked to aggression, including cyberbullying and hostile online interactions. While this association is well documented, the psychological and contextual mechanisms that mediate or moderate it remain unclear. This scoping review maps quantitative evidence on mediators and moderators between social media use and aggression among adolescents. A comprehensive search using ProQuest’s Summon platform was conducted across PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eligible studies, published between January 2020 and March 2025, included adolescents aged 11–18 and reported at least one statistical mediation or moderation analysis. Forty-four studies from 19 countries (N > 90,000) were thematically synthesized. Key mediators included problematic use, moral disengagement, depression, attention-seeking, and risky digital behaviors. Moderators included gender, body satisfaction, cultural setting, school type, and family attachment. Most of the studies used structural equation modeling or PROCESS macro, although cross-sectional designs predominated. Limitations included reliance on self-reports and inconsistent social media measures. The findings suggest that social media–aggression links are indirect and shaped by emotional, cognitive, and ecological factors. Multi-level interventions targeting digital literacy, moral reasoning, and resilience are needed. This review was not registered and received no external funding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Social Media on Public Health and Education)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 594 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pro-Health Behaviours and Depressive Symptoms as Well as Satisfaction with and Quality of Life Among Women with Hashimoto’s Disease

by Maria Gacek, Agnieszka Wojtowicz and Jolanta Kędzior

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060097 - 2 Jun 2025

Viewed by 241

Abstract

Background: Lifestyle is one of the important factors determining health and quality of life. The aim of the study was to analyse relationships between pro-health behaviours, depression and quality of life among women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Material and methods: The study was conducted [...] Read more.

Background: Lifestyle is one of the important factors determining health and quality of life. The aim of the study was to analyse relationships between pro-health behaviours, depression and quality of life among women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Material and methods: The study was conducted among 219 women aged 20–50 from southern Poland, using (i) Juczyński’s Healthy Behaviour Inventory (HBI); (ii) Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI); (iii) satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and (iv) WHOQoL-Bref (Quality of Life-BREFF). In the statistical analysis, Spearman’s R correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were applied, assuming a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: It was shown that with the increase in the general indicator of pro-health behaviours, the level of depressive symptoms decreased, while the level of satisfaction with life and all four aspects of quality of life on the WHOQoL scale increased (p < 0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated that the model consisting of all analysed pro-health behaviours explains a high percentage of variance in depressive symptoms (38%), life satisfaction (31%) and all aspects of quality of life, including those somatic and social (19%), psychological (28%) and environmental (12%). Conclusions: The noted correlations between pro-health behaviours, the intensity of depressive symptoms as well as the level of life satisfaction and quality of life indicate justification for promoting a pro-health lifestyle as a significant factor contributing to mental health and better quality of life among women with hypothyroidism. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

46 pages, 744 KiB

Open AccessReview

Measuring Parental School Involvement: A Systematic Review

by Helena Mocho, Cátia Martins, Rita dos Santos, Elias Ratinho and Cristina Nunes

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060096 - 31 May 2025

Viewed by 404

Abstract

Parental school involvement (PSI) is a multidimensional construct that significantly influences children’s academic adjustment and overall development. However, inconsistencies persist in its definition and measurement, with researchers operationalizing PSI through a varied of parental activities. This study aimed to (1) identify PSI instruments [...] Read more.

Parental school involvement (PSI) is a multidimensional construct that significantly influences children’s academic adjustment and overall development. However, inconsistencies persist in its definition and measurement, with researchers operationalizing PSI through a varied of parental activities. This study aimed to (1) identify PSI instruments and their theoretical models and (2) evaluate their psychometric properties. Following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID CRD42023451091, registered August 2023), this systematic review examined six databases (Web of Science, ERIC, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycArticles, and PsycInfo), analyzing quantitative studies from 2000 to 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed instruments designed for parents, teachers, or children aged 6–15 and published in peer-reviewed journals in English, Portuguese, Spanish, or French. From an initial pool of 490 records, 38 studies were included, yielding 43 instruments: 23 for parents, 15 for children, and 5 for teachers. Seven instruments followed Epstein’s model, while nine followed the Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler framework, underscoring the prominence of these theoretical approaches. The study quality, assessed with MMAT, was generally moderate to high. Despite an exhaustive search effort, it is possible that some relevant instruments were not identified. Nevertheless, this review advances the understanding of PSI operationalization, promotes more consistent and replicable assessments, enhances alignment between instruments and study objectives, and strengths the validity of findings derived from these tools. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 909 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Is Mindfulness the Common Ground Between Mental Toughness and Self-Compassion in Student Athletes? A Cross-Sectional Study

by Zacharias Papadakis, Shana M. Walsh, Grant B. Morgan, Paul J. Deal and Andreas Stamatis

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060095 - 31 May 2025

Viewed by 313

Abstract

This study interrogates whether mental toughness (MT) and self-compassion (SC)—historically framed as oppositional constructs—can coexist synergistically among NCAA Division II, III, and NAIA collegiate athletes, with mindfulness as a hypothesized mediator. A cross-sectional survey of 396 participants (mean age: 19.8 yrs ± 1.9 [...] Read more.

This study interrogates whether mental toughness (MT) and self-compassion (SC)—historically framed as oppositional constructs—can coexist synergistically among NCAA Division II, III, and NAIA collegiate athletes, with mindfulness as a hypothesized mediator. A cross-sectional survey of 396 participants (mean age: 19.8 yrs ± 1.9 SD; females: 51%), revealed a robust MT–SC correlation (r = 0.46), which attenuated to 0.31 when mindfulness was modeled, signaling its role as a partial mediator. Hierarchical regression controlling for sex showed that MT and sex together explained 22% of the SC variance (ΔR² = 0.22, p < 0.001). Adding mindfulness increased the total explained variance to 39% (ΔR² = 0.17, p < 0.001). Females scored slightly lower on SC (β = –0.14, SE = 0.05, p = 0.008). Sobel testing confirmed significant partial mediation (Z = 7.22, p < 0.001), with mindfulness explaining 33% of MT’s total effect on SC. Mindfulness-based interventions that exploit athletes’ intrinsic attentional resources can simultaneously enhance mental toughness and self-compassion. By reconciling performance-oriented rigor with resilient self-regard, such strategies hold promise for athletes operating at diverse competitive levels. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Psychometric Testing of Perfectionism Inventory to Assess Perfectionism and Academic Stress in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Centre Study

by Michela Piredda, Alessio Lo Cascio, Anna Marchetti, Laura Campanozzi, Paolo Pellegrino, Marina Mondo, Giorgia Petrucci, Roberto Latina, Maddalena De Maria, Rosaria Alvaro and Maria Grazia De Marinis

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060094 - 23 May 2025

Viewed by 454

Abstract

Background: Perfectionism is a growing concern among university students, who face high expectations, demanding workloads, and complex academic tasks. These pressures often lead to stress, negatively impacting performance, well-being, and career trajectories. Existing measures of perfectionism and related stress lack focus on their [...] Read more.

Background: Perfectionism is a growing concern among university students, who face high expectations, demanding workloads, and complex academic tasks. These pressures often lead to stress, negatively impacting performance, well-being, and career trajectories. Existing measures of perfectionism and related stress lack focus on their causes and relevance to students. Methods: This study developed and psychometrically tested an inventory assessing the causes (ROOTS), manifestations (MPS-R), and stress (IPSS-R) related to perfectionism. A multicenter cross-sectional online survey was conducted across multiple Italian universities with 469 students. The ROOTS tool was developed, and the MPS and IPSS were adapted following established guidelines. Content validity was examined, and pilot testing was performed. Confirmatory factor analyses tested three-factor models with a second-order factor for each instrument. Construct validity and reliability were also assessed. Results: The ROOTS, MPS-R, and IPSS-R demonstrated strong structural and construct validity, with acceptable reliability. Significant correlations highlighted the interconnectedness of perfectionism’s causes, manifestations, and stress. Conclusions: The Perfectionism Inventory offers a comprehensive tool for identifying causes, manifestations, and consequences of perfectionism in university students. It can help educators and policymakers develop strategies to mitigate its impact on mental health and academic success. Future research should explore its applicability in other populations. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1884 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bullying and Cyberbullying Are Associated with Low Levels of Motivational Beliefs Toward Learning in Youth

by Jose Luis Solas-Martínez, Rubén Roldán-Roldán, María de las Nieves Moyano-Muñoz and Emilio J. Martínez-López

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060093 - 23 May 2025

Viewed by 335

Abstract

This study explored the association between bullying and cyberbullying, both in victims and bullies, and motivational beliefs toward learning in students aged 10 to 16. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1690 Spanish students, assessing motivational beliefs through the Motivated Strategies for Learning [...] Read more.

This study explored the association between bullying and cyberbullying, both in victims and bullies, and motivational beliefs toward learning in students aged 10 to 16. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1690 Spanish students, assessing motivational beliefs through the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and involvement in bullying using the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIP-Q) and the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIP-Q). The results showed that both victims and bullies had lower task value, self-efficacy, and control beliefs, along with higher test anxiety, with cyberbullying having a stronger impact. Victims of cyberbullying exhibited significantly lower task value (up to 9.2% in girls and 5.6% in boys) and had a 4.5- and 2.2-times higher risk of scoring low in this dimension. Among bullies, only girls involved in traditional bullying showed motivational deficits, whereas both male and female cyberbullies had task value scores up to 9.5% lower and were 1.5 to 1.6 times more likely to experience test anxiety. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to reinforce motivational beliefs in victims and bullies, recommending collaborative programs between students, teachers, and families to enhance task value, control beliefs, and self-efficacy while addressing test anxiety. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 383 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Community Nursing Simulation Education on Nursing Core Competencies, Clinical Judgment, and Clinical Performance of Nursing College Students

by Hoo-Jeung Cho and Kyong-Sun Chong

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060092 - 23 May 2025

Viewed by 336

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of community nursing simulation education on the nursing core competencies, clinical performance, and clinical judgment in home-visit nursing of nursing college students. A nonequivalent control group pretest–post-test design was used. Data were collected in August 2024 [...] Read more.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of community nursing simulation education on the nursing core competencies, clinical performance, and clinical judgment in home-visit nursing of nursing college students. A nonequivalent control group pretest–post-test design was used. Data were collected in August 2024 from the control group (n = 65) and in February 2025 from the experimental group (n = 64), with both groups comprising fourth-year students older than 20 years and from the same nursing college in Korea. Data analysis included an independent t-test carried out using SPSS 25.0 software. We found significant differences between the control and experimental groups in terms of the students’ nursing core competence (t = 4.88, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.86), clinical judgment (t = 4.53, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.80), and clinical competence (t = 4.52, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.00). The simulation education program applied in this study can be utilized as an intervention for nursing college students and be further developed for nursing students from other universities. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 637 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Meaning in Life Among Aged People: A Qualitative Study of an Institutionalized Elderly Sample

by Lăcrămioara Cojocaru, Camelia Soponaru, Daniela Muntele-Hendreș and Ciprian Ceobanu

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2025, 15(6), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe15060091 - 22 May 2025

Viewed by 370

Abstract

As individuals grow older, they experience notable shifts in their health conditions, social positions, and personal identity. Studies show that finding meaning in life correlates with healthier lifestyle choices and enhanced overall well-being. This sense of meaning functions as a protective factor against [...] Read more.

As individuals grow older, they experience notable shifts in their health conditions, social positions, and personal identity. Studies show that finding meaning in life correlates with healthier lifestyle choices and enhanced overall well-being. This sense of meaning functions as a protective factor against life’s challenges, strengthening resilience during later years. The research utilized thematic analysis within a qualitative methodology to investigate the subjective sources of meaning among elderly people living in Romanian institutional settings. The analysis revealed several interconnected themes. Religiosity and spirituality emerged as a fundamental anchor, with participants often mentioning God, Divinity, and Higher Power in their narratives. They typically conceptualized life as a sacred gift and emphasized the importance of religious practices such as prayer and church attendance as essential to their sense of purpose. The intergenerational transmission of values also proved significant, with elderly individuals finding meaning in passing down moral and spiritual principles to younger family members, viewing this as their enduring legacy. Interpersonal connections played a crucial role as well, with quality relationships with family and friends fostering a sense of belonging, while broken relationships or isolation negatively impacted well-being. Daily life objectives, including short-term goals like maintaining routines or anticipating family visits, along with preserving functional independence, provided structure and immediate purpose for many participants. The research distinguished between religiosity and spirituality as related but separate concepts: while formal religious rituals offered community-based meaning, those less engaged with organized religion discovered transcendence through personal spiritual experiences such as connecting with nature. This study highlights cultural specificities, particularly how Orthodox Christian traditions shape existential narratives among Romanian elderly, and proposes practical interventions for retirement facilities to incorporate activities focused on spiritual engagement, relationship building, and opportunities for elders to share their wisdom with younger generations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Well-Being among Older Adults: Current Trends and Future Challenges)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ., Volume 15, Issue 6 (June 2025) – 17 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI