European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

19 pages, 331 KiB

Open AccessArticle

FOBism Unveiled: Quantifying Assimilative Racism within Asians in the United States

by Kenneth T. Wang, Seong-Hyeon Kim, Juliet K. Wang, Katelyn J. Wang, Helen H. Jun and Daniel D. Lee

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2800-2818; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100184 - 16 Oct 2024

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Abstract

FOB (fresh-off-the-boat) is a term used to refer to unassimilated immigrants or sojourners, which has created a divide within the Asian community. In this study, we coined the term FOBism, a form of internalized racism (or appropriated racial oppression) that intersects with assimilation, [...] Read more.

FOB (fresh-off-the-boat) is a term used to refer to unassimilated immigrants or sojourners, which has created a divide within the Asian community. In this study, we coined the term FOBism, a form of internalized racism (or appropriated racial oppression) that intersects with assimilation, and we developed a measure of FOBism. We created a 14-item, 3-factor FOBism Scale and evaluated its psychometric properties among a sample of 296 Asians in the United States. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was utilized to select items and evaluate the factorial validity. Results yielded a strong factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity. Construct validity was demonstrated through FOBism scores’ positive correlations with measures of within-group discrimination and internalized racism, and negative associations with an Asian cultural orientation. The FOBism Scale is a promising measure that could be used as an assessment tool and to raise awareness of the phenomenon. Full article

13 pages, 293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mental Suffering of Cocaine-Addicted Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Personality Disorders’ Prevalence and Their Association with Psychopathological Symptoms

by Francesca Giordano, Sara Guidotti, Francesco Cassio Scategni, Domenico Cuzzola and Carlo Pruneti

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2787-2799; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100183 - 14 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1766

Abstract

(1) Background: The observational retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) and their association with psychopathological symptoms in a group of patients with cocaine addiction. (2) Methods: Ninety-five medical records of the Pathological Addictions Service of the National Health [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The observational retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) and their association with psychopathological symptoms in a group of patients with cocaine addiction. (2) Methods: Ninety-five medical records of the Pathological Addictions Service of the National Health Service of Lecce (Italy) were analyzed. PDs were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) and psychopathological symptoms were investigated through the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R). (3) Results: Ninety-two out of ninety-five patients met the criteria for at least one PD (96.8%), almost 35% had two Cluster B PDs, and over 25% had three Cluster B PDs. Nine out of ninety-five people met the criteria for all Cluster B PDs. Among the Cluster B PDs, it emerged that the most frequent diagnosis was that of narcissistic–borderline–antisocial (over 20% of the total sample). The analysis highlighted that mental suffering is prevalent in those with multiple comorbid Cluster B PDs. Specifically, depression and psychoticism exceed the clinical cut-off (T score > 63) in all patient groups. At the same time, anxiety and obsessions–compulsions are complained of only by those with more than two PDs as well as the level of general distress. Furthermore, anxiety, hostility, and paranoid ideation are significantly higher in the group of patients with more than three PDs. (4) Conclusions: Further studies should better investigate the relationship between the two aspects and describe the causal effects of PDs on psychopathological symptoms or, on the contrary, the effects of the substance on mental health and the worsening of personality alterations. Full article

15 pages, 1189 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Family in the Life Satisfaction of Young Adults: An Ecological-Systemic Perspective

by Paula Morales Almeida, Marta Brás, Cristina Nunes and Cátia Martins

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2772-2786; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100182 - 9 Oct 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6422

Abstract

The support provided by parents plays a relevant role in the life satisfaction (LS) of young people, as well as in their level of psychological distress (PD), which are among the important mediators of their well-being. Family structure has also been identified as [...] Read more.

The support provided by parents plays a relevant role in the life satisfaction (LS) of young people, as well as in their level of psychological distress (PD), which are among the important mediators of their well-being. Family structure has also been identified as a protective or risk factor. Hence, the present study provides a more complex analysis of young people’s LS, considering the type of family cohabitation (based on parental presence), the personal conditions of the young people (PS), and their perception of the context (social support; SP). A cross-sectional design was used, and 557 young people, with a mean age of 20.68 (SD = 2.23), 50.8% women, 60.7% students, participated. Their levels of psychological distress, perceived social support, life satisfaction, and parental cohabitation were assessed. A mediation and a moderated-mediation model were used. Young people living in a biparental family reveal higher levels of LS and lower levels of PS. A partial mediation was found in the effect of SP on the relation between PS and LS. The moderated-mediation model tested showed that the indirect effects on the paths PS–SP and SP–LS were not significant by the type of parental family cohabitation. Several implications regarding family structure on young people’s LS are discussed. Full article

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18 pages, 855 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Interculturality in the Development of Technology-Mediated Courses for Massive Health Education: A Systematic Review

by Priscila Sanara da Cunha, Ingridy Marina Pierre Barbalho, Felipe Ricardo dos Santos Fernandes, Manoel Honorio Romão, Janaina Luana Rodrigues da Silva Valentim, Karla Mônica Dantas Coutinho, Kaline Sampaio de Araújo, Ricardo Alexsandro de Medeiros Valentim, Aline de Pinho Dias, Natalia Araújo do Nascimento Batista, José Adailton da Silva, Heleni Aires Clemente, Maria de Fátima Pereira Alves and Karilany Dantas Coutinho

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2754-2771; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100181 - 8 Oct 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1733

Abstract

Virtual Learning Environments have become innovative tools in health professionals education. Through Massive Open Online Courses, they enable different ways of connecting with knowledge, facilitating study autonomy, interaction, and closer alignment with professional practices and the context of course participants. MOOCs comprise an [...] Read more.

Virtual Learning Environments have become innovative tools in health professionals education. Through Massive Open Online Courses, they enable different ways of connecting with knowledge, facilitating study autonomy, interaction, and closer alignment with professional practices and the context of course participants. MOOCs comprise an educational strategy for many fields, including health. As they educate health professionals about a variety of practices, MOOCs play a crucial role in interculturality by enabling professionals to approach cultural diversity in work settings. This study provides a review of the literature investigating the element of interculturality in the production of healthcare-related MOOCs intended for a variety of audiences, including practicing healthcare professionals, healthcare professional trainees, and the general public. Based on a systematic review protocol, we searched for peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2023 in Science Direct, PubMed, ERIC, and Scopus. Fifteen studies were selected for final analysis, which highlighted MOOC development, its underlying processes, and its importance in promoting health and social well-being. MOOCs have (1) provided new approaches to technology-mediated learning in distance health education, (2) aided training, (3) disseminated knowledge, and (4) promoted interculturality. Continuous collaboration and innovation in MOOC development are essential to ensure their effectiveness and relevance in the contemporary educational scenario. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Disparities: The Emerging Trends and Pressing Challenges)

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19 pages, 1044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in the Relationship between Adult Attachment and Quality of Life

by Gianluca Santoro, Vittorio Lenzo, Alessandro Musetti, Cristiana Caneglias, Lina Rita Crimi, Lucia Sideli and Adriano Schimmenti

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2735-2753; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100180 - 7 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1759

Abstract

There is evidence that anxiety and avoidance toward close relationships (i.e., insecure attachment orientations), as well as posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs), are linked to a poor quality of life. The current study aimed to investigate the potential mediating effects of PTSSs on the [...] Read more.

There is evidence that anxiety and avoidance toward close relationships (i.e., insecure attachment orientations), as well as posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs), are linked to a poor quality of life. The current study aimed to investigate the potential mediating effects of PTSSs on the associations between insecure attachment orientations and domains of quality of life. A convenience sample of 497 adults (375 females, 75.5%), ranging in age between 18 and 65 years old (M = 32.48, SD = 13.26), was recruited. Participants were administered self-report instruments assessing attachment anxiety and avoidance, PTSSs, and domains of quality of life, including physical health, psychological status, social relationships, and environment. A series of mediation analyses were performed to test the mediating role of PTSSs in the relationships between attachment orientations and domains of quality of life. Results showed that attachment anxiety was related to decreased levels of quality of life in all domains, and that their associations were mediated by PTSSs. Also, attachment avoidance was related to a worse quality of psychological status and social relationships, and PTSSs were a significant mediating variable in these associations. Prevention programs and clinical interventions focused on promoting effective strategies for managing distress might be critical in reducing the impact of distressing events on the quality of life of individuals with insecure attachment. Full article

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19 pages, 558 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Comprehensive Scoping Review on Body Image Perceptions and Influences in Children and Adolescents

by Suellem Zanlorenci, Leticia Gonçalves, Mikael Seabra Moraes, Leandro Narciso Santiago, Matheus Silveira Pedroso and Diego Augusto Santos Silva

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2716-2734; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100179 - 4 Oct 2024

Viewed by 3386

Abstract

Conducting a scoping review helps identify research gaps and opportunities, avoid duplication, guide the selection of appropriate methodologies, and base studies on existing evidence. The aim of this study was to map the literature on body image in children and adolescents (0 to [...] Read more.

Conducting a scoping review helps identify research gaps and opportunities, avoid duplication, guide the selection of appropriate methodologies, and base studies on existing evidence. The aim of this study was to map the literature on body image in children and adolescents (0 to 19 years). The present study follows the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA). The search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, SciELO, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 3257 articles were found, of which 2147 were duplicates, resulting in 1110 articles. Of these, 41 met the inclusion criteria. The results were divided into analytical dimensions, including measurement instruments, programs and interventions, social media, sociodemographic aspects, physical activity, personality and cognitive thinking, and studies with specific populations. The results highlight that peer influence, physical activity, media, and the school environment play crucial roles in shaping young people’s body image; factors such as sex, age, and socioeconomic context emerge as important variables in understanding body perceptions, and educational interventions and health promotion programs have been shown to be effective in preventing and reducing body dissatisfaction, underscoring the need for multifactorial and collaborative approaches. Full article

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14 pages, 313 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factor Structure, Construct Validity, and Measurement Invariance of the Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS)

by Marta Spinoni, Andrea Zagaria, Anna Pecchinenda and Caterina Grano

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2702-2715; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100178 - 4 Oct 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2440

Abstract

Psychological safety has recently emerged as a central construct, strictly implicated in mental health and emotional well-being. The Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS) is the first scale designed to assess feelings of psychological safety from a multidimensional perspective. However, the robustness of [...] Read more.

Psychological safety has recently emerged as a central construct, strictly implicated in mental health and emotional well-being. The Neuroception of Psychological Safety Scale (NPSS) is the first scale designed to assess feelings of psychological safety from a multidimensional perspective. However, the robustness of its factorial structure requires further examination in large community samples, and evidence of construct validity along with measurement invariance across genders is scarce. The present study aimed to address these gaps through a comprehensive cross-validation approach. A community sample of 660 Italian adults, aged 18–65, completed self-report questionnaires including the NPSS, the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scale (CEAS), the Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others (SOCS), and the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ). A three-factor model, i.e., Social Engagement, Compassion, and Bodily Sensations, demonstrated a good fit to the data in two random subsamples. Moreover, the measurement model was factorially invariant across genders. Model-based omega coefficients supported the internal consistency of the NPSS scores (ω ranged between 0.879 and 0.918). Zero-order correlations between NPSS subscales and CEAS, SOCS, and BPQ provided construct validity evidence. Additionally, inter-correlations between latent factors and Harman’s single-factor test supported the discriminant validity of the NPSS dimensions. Overall, this study provided compelling evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the NPSS, demonstrating for the first time the invariance of its factorial structure across gender. Full article

16 pages, 671 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Personal Resources for Psychological Well-Being in University Students: The Roles of Psychological Capital and Coping Strategies

by Esteban Moreno-Montero, María del Mar Ferradás and Carlos Freire

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2686-2701; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100177 - 2 Oct 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5245

Abstract

In recent years, research has noted the increasing prevalence of mental health problems among university students. The current mental health needs of the university population, along with the multitude of stressors they face, have increased the importance of examining their psychological well-being and [...] Read more.

In recent years, research has noted the increasing prevalence of mental health problems among university students. The current mental health needs of the university population, along with the multitude of stressors they face, have increased the importance of examining their psychological well-being and determining the personal resources that effectively promote it. In this context, the present research aims to analyze the roles of psychological capital (PsyCap) and coping strategies as personal resources that are significantly related to the psychological well-being (PWB) of university students. Specifically, the mediating roles of various coping strategies (both adaptive and maladaptive) in the relationship between PsyCap and PWB are explored. The study involves 391 university students from Spain. The results show partial mediation effects of adaptive coping strategies (cognitive restructuring and social support) on the relationship between PsyCap and PWB. Likewise, PsyCap is shown to be a direct positive predictor of adaptive coping strategies and PWB, as well as a direct negative predictor of maladaptive coping strategies (self-criticism). Therefore, it is concluded that PsyCap and some adaptive coping strategies serve as valuable personal resources that predict PWB in university students. PsyCap is also associated with a lower tendency to engage in maladaptive coping strategies, such as self-criticism. Similarly, the use of cognitive restructuring and/or social support is related to high levels of PWB among university students. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Life Skills and Emotional Competencies in Adolescence: What Is the Role of Educational Settings?)

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15 pages, 316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Bio-Psycho-Social Approach to Understanding Optimism and Pessimism in Response to Stress

by Yok-Fong Paat, Trina L. Hope, João B. Ferreira-Pinto and Hector Olvera Alvarez

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2671-2685; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100176 - 30 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3505

Abstract

Stress is widely known to have debilitating effects on physical health and mental wellbeing, particularly on one’s coping styles, personality traits, and outlook on life. Cumulative and chronic stress, which can serve as a triggering or aggravating factor for many pathological disorders if [...] Read more.

Stress is widely known to have debilitating effects on physical health and mental wellbeing, particularly on one’s coping styles, personality traits, and outlook on life. Cumulative and chronic stress, which can serve as a triggering or aggravating factor for many pathological disorders if left unaddressed, has been linked to many life-threatening diseases. While many studies have looked at how optimism and pessimism are used as a form of coping mechanism, few have examined how different bio-psycho-social reactions to stress shape the level of optimism and pessimism. Using a sample of adult individuals aged 18 and older in the United States (n = 3361), this study addressed the following research questions: (1) What types of stress are predictive of optimism and pessimism? (2) Which responses to stress and coping mechanisms are most predictive of optimism and pessimism? (3) Do optimism and pessimism share the same stress-related risk and protective factors? Overall, this study found that while optimism and pessimism share conceptual similarities, they are not necessarily influenced by the same stress mechanisms. Stress, whether personal or financial, was associated with a negative outlook on life. This study showed that having good sleep quality and a lower number of psychological stress symptoms was linked to increasing optimism and reducing pessimism, while overeating or eating unhealthily was connected to both optimism and pessimism. Additionally, this study found that exercise/walking and emotional support mediated the effects of the responses to stress on the respondents’ level of optimism and pessimism. Full article

14 pages, 350 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Values Scale for Positive Youth Development in Sport

by Rosendo Berengüí, Francisco J. Parra-Plaza and María Á. Castejón

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2657-2670; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100175 - 25 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1513

Abstract

Adolescence is a period of special significance for the development of personal and social values. Positive adolescent development (PYD) can be an ideal perspective from which to promote values in young people through their sports practice. The aim of the study was to [...] Read more.

Adolescence is a period of special significance for the development of personal and social values. Positive adolescent development (PYD) can be an ideal perspective from which to promote values in young people through their sports practice. The aim of the study was to adapt and analyse the measurement properties of the Values Scale for Positive Youth Development for use in the context of sport in young athletes. A total of 599 adolescents, competitors of different sports modalities, participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis and reliability and invariance analyses were performed. The results confirmed a good model fit, with adjustment indexes (CFI, GFI and AGFI) above 0.90 and error (RMSEA and SRMR) below 0.08. The factor loadings above 0.50 were obtained for all items. Adequate reliability of the scales was also confirmed, between 0.72 and 0.89, and gender, age and sport invariance were confirmed. In conclusion, the analysed scale is a valid and reliable instrument with adequate psychometric properties, which makes it an appropriate assessment tool to be used in sports contexts, based on the positive adolescent development approach. Full article

15 pages, 459 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unlocking Success in Counseling: How Personality Traits Moderates Its Effectiveness

by Alexandro Fortunato, Silvia Andreassi, Costanza Franchini, Gaetano Maria Sciabica, Mara Morelli, Antonio Chirumbolo and Anna Maria Speranza

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2642-2656; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100174 - 24 Sep 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2258

Abstract

Psychological distress is widespread among university students, with depression being notably more prevalent compared to the general population. University counseling services are crucial for addressing these mental health challenges, and numerous studies have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing psychological distress and improving overall [...] Read more.

Psychological distress is widespread among university students, with depression being notably more prevalent compared to the general population. University counseling services are crucial for addressing these mental health challenges, and numerous studies have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing psychological distress and improving overall well-being. However, there is limited research on what factors predict the success of university counseling. This study aims to evaluate whether counseling improves well-being, specifically by reducing depressive symptoms, and to explore whether personality traits influence counseling outcomes. Participants included 125 Italian university students (64.8% female, mean age = 22.69; SD = 3.04) who utilized counseling services. They completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-TR (PID-5-TR) at three points: immediately after the intake interview (T0), just before the intervention (T1), and after the fourth session (T2). Linear mixed models were used to analyze changes in depression levels, revealing a significant reduction in depressive symptoms from pre- to post-intervention. Among personality traits, only antagonism showed a significant interaction with time. Additionally, higher detachment scores were associated with higher depression levels. These findings emphasize the need for focused attention on students’ emotional issues and suggest that personality traits may influence the effectiveness of counseling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personality and Developmental Changes Across the Life Span: Predictors, Assessment, and Impact)

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14 pages, 884 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vulnerable Narcissism and Emotion Dysregulation as Mediators in the Link between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Binge Watching

by Valeria Verrastro, Danilo Calaresi, Fiorenza Giordano and Valeria Saladino

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2628-2641; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100173 - 24 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2452

Abstract

Individuals who have faced childhood emotional abuse (CEA) may develop vulnerable narcissistic tendencies and experience difficulties in regulating their emotions. These psychological vulnerabilities can contribute to the adoption of binge watching as a maladaptive coping mechanism. The present study aimed to investigate the [...] Read more.

Individuals who have faced childhood emotional abuse (CEA) may develop vulnerable narcissistic tendencies and experience difficulties in regulating their emotions. These psychological vulnerabilities can contribute to the adoption of binge watching as a maladaptive coping mechanism. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of vulnerable narcissism and emotion dysregulation in the relationship between CEA and binge watching. Additionally, this study examined whether this model was gender-invariant. A sample of 1082 emerging adults, aged 18 to 25 (50% women), completed self-report questionnaires. The results revealed significant direct and indirect relationships among all the variables of interest, and the model was found to be invariant across genders. Notably, both men and women who experienced CEA and exhibited higher levels of vulnerable narcissism and emotion dysregulation reported engaging in higher levels of binge watching. These findings highlight the importance of the early identification of CEA, the implementation of targeted interventions, and the provision of trauma-informed care to address the negative consequences of CEA and mitigate the development of binge-watching behaviors. Moreover, the results emphasize the need for tailored prevention and intervention programs that address vulnerable narcissism and emotion dysregulation as potential pathways to inform effective therapeutic strategies. Full article

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12 pages, 282 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between Hyperactivity and Suicidal Behavior and Attempts among Children Referred from Emergency Departments

by Oren Shahnovsky, Alan Apter and Shira Barzilay

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2616-2627; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100172 - 24 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1612

Abstract

The global prevalence of suicidal behaviors in children is rising, with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) proposed as a contributing factor. This study examines the association between ADHD facets (hyperactivity and inattention) and suicidal behavior and attempts in children. Additionally, it seeks to compare [...] Read more.

The global prevalence of suicidal behaviors in children is rising, with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) proposed as a contributing factor. This study examines the association between ADHD facets (hyperactivity and inattention) and suicidal behavior and attempts in children. Additionally, it seeks to compare self-reported ADHD symptoms and suicide-related incidents with parental reports. A cohort of 71 children referred from emergency departments due to suicidal thoughts and behaviors completed self- and parental report questionnaires. The results revealed that elevated hyperactivity scores, surpassing the ADHD diagnosis threshold, were significantly associated with increased rates of suicidal behavior. Hyperactivity demonstrated a stronger association with lifetime suicide attempts compared to inattention. Moreover, children’s self-reported ADHD symptoms exhibited a stronger correlation with suicide attempts than parental reports. This study highlights the critical role of hyperactivity in understanding suicidal behaviors among children with ADHD. It underscores the importance of considering hyperactivity-related symptoms in assessment and treatment approaches for suicidal behavior in this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Research in Clinical and Health Contexts)

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Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ., Volume 14, Issue 10 (October 2024) – 13 articles

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