Processes, Volume 9, Issue 1

In order to exploit a fast-growing Paulownia hardwood as an energy crop, a xylose-enriched hydrolysate was obtained in this work to increase the ethanol concentration using the hemicellulosic fraction, besides the already widely studied cellulosic fr...

The main objective of this study is the synthesis, use, and reuse of magnetic copper ferrite nanospheres (CFNS) for extra-heavy oil viscosity reduction. The CFNS were synthesized using a solvothermal method resulting in mean particle size of 150 nm....

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA, thioctic acid), a naturally-occurring essential dithiol compound, has become a common ingredient in many pharmaceutical and food supplement products (FSP), used in oxidative stress-dependent pathologies; oral bioavailability o...

Hair follicles harbor a heterogeneous regenerative cell pool and represent a putative low-to-non-invasively available source of stem cells. We previously reported a technology for culturing human melanocytes from the hair follicle outer root sheath (...

Biobutanol can be produced by Clostridia via an acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation under strictly anaerobic conditions. Oxygen-free nitrogen (OFN) gas is typically used to create anaerobic conditions for ABE fermentations. However...

This paper presents a novel impedimetric aptasensor for cyanobacterial microcystin-LR (L, l-leucine; R, l-arginine) (MC-LR) containing a 5′ thiolated 60-mer DNA aptamer (i.e., 5′-SH-(CH₂)₆GGCGCCAAACAGGACCACCATGACAATTACCCATACCACCTCATTATGCC...

The heat transfer, friction factor, and collector efficiency are estimated experimentally for multi-walled carbon nanotubes+Fe₃O₄ hybrid nanofluid flows in a solar flat plate collector under thermosyphon circulation. The combined technique of in-situ...

Ultrasonic spraying was used in a three-phase reactor to produce small droplets of triolein mixed with CaO as a solid catalyst at temperatures above the boiling point of methanol for enhancement of the transesterification of triolein. Droplets fell i...

The article presents the results of research on the production of polymer-bitumen binder (PBB) based on mixtures of non-oxidized and oxidized petroleum products, namely high-viscosity tar, darkened vacuum distillate, and oxidized petroleum bitumen 70...

The absorption process of CO${}_2$ by ethanolamine solution is essentially a dynamic system, which is greatly affected by the power plant startup and flue gas load changes. Hence, studying the optimal control of the CO${}_2$ chemical capture process has always...

Manual generation of test cases and scenario screening processes, during field architecture concept development, may produce a limited number of solutions that do not necessarily lead to an optimal concept selection. For more complex subsea field arc...

This study examined the literature on life cycle assessment on the ferromanganese alloy production route. The environmental impacts of raw material acquisition through the production of carbon reductants to the production of ferromanganese alloys wer...

Maize by-product from the bioethanol industry (distiller’s dried grains with solubles, DDGS) is a source of ferulated arabinoxylan (AX), which is a health-promoting polysaccharide. In the present study, AX from DDGS was fermented by a represent...

Partial least squares (PLS) and linear regression methods are widely utilized for quality-related fault detection in industrial processes. Standard PLS decomposes the process variables into principal and residual parts. However, as the principal part...

We previously developed a conjugate consisting of ¹⁰B cluster BSH and tri-arginine peptide (BSH-3R). This could potentially be used as a boron agent for boron neutron capture therapy; however, it possesses poor water solubility and thus needs to be i...

As an alternative to gasoline, bioethanol can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass through hydrolysis using an ionic solution containing zinc chloride (ZnCl₂). This method allows for a high yield of glucose from lignocellulose, but entails the re...

A cost-effective and environmentally friendly method was formulated for rapid dopamine (DA) detection that was based on the fluorescence (FL) quenching of carbon quantum dots (C-dots). Upon adding DA to the C-dots’ solution, we noticed a regula...

Fundamental studies involving divalent ion intercalated graphene-based hydrogel are still lacking in terms of their adsorption behavior towards dye pollutants. In this study, we prepared a self-assembled Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ intercalated reduced graphene hy...

This study deals with wave-induced unsteady pressure on a ship moving with a constant forward speed in regular head waves. Two different numerical methods are applied to solve wave–ship interaction problems: a Rankine panel method which adopts...

Continuous manufacturing opens up new operation windows with improved product quality in contrast to documented lot deviations in batch or fed-batch operations. A more sophisticated process control strategy is needed to adjust operation parameters an...

Diesel fuel mixtures with high concentrations of biodiesel have been investigated to analyze the technical feasibility of their use in diesel cycle engines regarding thermal and oxidative properties. The results of combined techniques of oxidative st...

Over the last decades, nanomechanical sensors have received significant attention from the scientific community, as they find plenty of applications in many different research fields, ranging from fundamental physics to clinical diagnosis. Regarding...

This study aimed to assess and compare the quality of groundwater in the city of Al-Marj in Libya with the international standard guidelines for drinking water recommended by the World Health Organisation. An evaluation of the groundwater wells in th...

The aim of this study was to find out what kind of “Bianca” wine could be produced when using organic yeast, what are the dynamics of the resulting alcoholic fermentation, and whether this method is suitable for industrial production as w...

Agriculture has long been considered a great source of nitrogen (N) to surface waters and a major cause of eutrophication. Thus, management practices at the farm-scale have since attempted to mitigate the N losses, although often limited in tile-drai...

H₂ production through dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a hot topic amidst growing environmental and atom-economy concerns. Loading Ni-based reducible mixed oxide systems onto a thermally stable support is a reliable approach for obtaining catalysts...

A study on the catalytic oxidation of heavy residual oil (HRO) was carried out. The thermodynamic parameters of components of HRO oxidation products were studied by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A method for the quantitative assessment of...

This paper investigates the optimum extraction temperature for enhanced total phenolic yields extracted from avocado fruit flesh (Persea americana) using subcritical water extraction, as well as the impact of fruit ripeness on phenol extraction effic...

Low-carbon transition pathways oriented from different transition targets would result in a huge variation of energy system deployment and transition costs. Hydrogen is widely considered as an imperative energy carrier to reach carbon neutral targets...

Food waste accounts for a substantial portion of the organic waste generated at an increasing rate worldwide. Organic waste, including food waste, is largely subjected to landfill disposal, incineration, and anaerobic digestion; however, more sustain...

Forty years after the discovery of metallocene catalysts, there are still several aspects that remain unresolved, especially when the “conventional” alkylaluminum activators are not used. Herein, we systematically investigated the synthes...

Synthetic fuel production via gasification of residual biomass streams from the pulp and paper industry can be an opportunity for the mills to enable improved resource utilization and at the same time reduce the production of excess heat. This paper...

Batch electrocoagulation (BEC), continuous electrocoagulation (CEC), and chemical precipitation (CP) were compared in struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) precipitation from synthetic and authentic water. In synthetic water treatment (SWT), struvite yield...

In this article, we focus on the development of a multiscale modeling and recurrent neural network (RNN) based optimization framework of a plasma etch process on a three-dimensional substrate with uniform thickness using the inductive coupled plasma...

This study aimed to analyze pharyngeal airflow characteristics and their relationship with the skeletal movement of the maxilla and mandible after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal class III (mandibular prognathism) malocclus...

The Sogunjung decoction (SGJD) is a traditional herbal formula that has been used to treat constipation and improve the constitution of infirm children in Korea. In this study, simultaneous quantification of gallic acid (1), magnoflorine (2), albiflo...

This special issue is devoted to new developments in measurement technologies for upstream and downstream bioprocessing [...]

To initiate our research into the development of biocompatiîle gelled-microemulsions based on essential oils (EOs) and sucrose esters (SEs) for the topical delivery of fluconazole, this formulation study investigated the usefulness of two relat...

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Oenothera biennis sprout extract (OBS-E) on skin-function improvement in an in vitro system and to identify its pharmaceutically active components. OBS-E showed antioxidant ability in radical scave...

In Switzerland, waste wood fly ash (WWFA) must be treated before deposition on landfills due to its high pollutant load (Cr(VI) and heavy metals). Acid fly ash leaching, the process used for heavy metal recovery from municipal solid waste incineratio...

After the occurrence of a hydrogen fluoride leakage accident that triggered massive losses in Gumi, South Korea in 2012, the government and companies have been interested in installing mitigation systems to minimize the loss of a leakage accident. Wh...

This paper describes the state of the art and future opportunities for process design and sustainable development. In the Introduction, the main global megatrends and the European Union’s response to two of them, the European Green Deal, are pr...

The use of biochar as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment purposes has been hindered due to its lower surface area compared to activated carbon. Current research on increasing surface functional groups on biochar surfaces to improve its adsorption...

The constant increase in greenhouse gases in the environment is forcing people to look for different ways to reduce such pollution. One of these ways is the use of biodiesel for road transport. Conventional biodiesel production involves the catalytic...

When Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes heat stress it stimulates several changes that are necessary for its survival, notably in carbon metabolism. Notable changes include increase in trehalose production and glycolytic flux. The increase in glycoly...

Multiloop proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are widely used for controlling multivariable processes due to their understandability, simplicity and other practical advantages. The main difficulty of the methodologies using this approa...

Coalescence-induced droplet jumping has received more attention recently, because of its potential applications in condensation heat transfer enhancement, anti-icing and self-cleaning, etc. In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulation method is a...

Developing simple and effective chemistry able to convert industrial waste streams into valuable chemicals is a primary contributor to sustainable development. Working in the context of biodiesel production, we found that plain bisulfate on silica (S...

Sodium alginate (Na-Alg) is water-soluble, neutral, and linear polysaccharide. It is the derivative of alginic acid which comprises 1,4-β-d-mannuronic (M) and α-l-guluronic (G) acids and has the chemical formula (NaC₆H₇O₆). It shows water-...

Synthesis of super-hydrophobic carbonaceous materials is gaining a broader interest by the research community due to its versatile application in separation processes, special coating technologies, and membrane distillation. Carbon nanomaterials (CNM...