Correlation between Pacifier Use in Preterm Neonates and Breastfeeding in Infancy: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.2. Exposure/Intervention: Pacifier Use by Preterm Neonates
2.3. Outcomes: Interruption of Exclusive Breastfeeding
2.4. Search Strategy
2.5. Study Selection
2.6. Quality Assessment of the Articles
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author/Year | Selection Bias | Study Design | Confounders | Blinding | Data Collection Methods | Withdrawals and Drops Out | Final Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Maastrup (2014) [40] | Strong | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
2. Maastrup (2014) [41] | Strong | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
3. Dadalto (2016) [42] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
4. Carcavalli (2018) [43] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
5. Kamhawy (2014) [13] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
7. Say (2018) [44] | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
8. Fucile (2021) [45] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
9. Maastrup (2021) [46] | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
10. Shaki (2022) [5] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Author/ Country | Design | N | Data | Exposure | Outcome | Outcome Age | Effect of Pacifier Use | Additional Factors |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Maastrup (2014) [40] Denmark | Prospective | 1221 mothers and their 1.488 preterm infants | A national Danish cohort of preterm infants | Pacifier use during breastfeeding transition from neonates 24–36 gestational weeks who were admitted to a NICU | Minimizing the use of a pacifier during breastfeeding transition were associated with earlier establishment of exclusive breastfeeding | 1, 4, 6 and 12 months of chronological and corrected age. | Negative | Low gestational age, multiple birth, mechanically ventilated infant, primiparity, initiating breast milk expression later than 24 h after delivery |
2. Maastrup(2014) [41] Denmark | Prospective | 1205 preterm infants | A national Danish cohort of preterm infants | Pacifier use during breastfeeding transition from preterm neonates with a gestational age of 24–36 weeks | Pacifier use was associated with failure of exclusive breastfeeding | 1, 4, 6 and 12 months of chronological and corrected age | Negative | Nipple shields, Delayed initiation of breast milk expression |
4. Carcavalli (2018) Brazil [43] | Retrospective comparative Cross-sectional | 250 children into two groups | Public hospital and public day-care centre in Belo Horizonte, southwest Brazil | Pacifier use in preterm and full-term infants | Pacifier use was more prevalent among preterm infants and was associated with less than six months of breastfeeding and use of bottle | 3 to 5 years | Negative | Low monthly family income |
7. Say (2018) [44] Turkey | Prospective, randomized controlled trial | 90 Infants in 2 groups (pacifier and control) < 32 weeks | NICU University of Health Sciences Zekai Tahir Burak | Pacifier use in preterm infants up to switching to full breastfeeding | The time for transition to full breastfeeding was shorter in pacifier group infants | Hospital discharge | Positive | |
8. Fucile (2021) [45] Canada | Randomized | 33 preterm infants < 34 weeks | NICU at Kingston Health Science Centre | Pacifier use or emptied breast from mothers in NICU | Infants in the group of emptied breast sucking acquired exclusive breastfeeds at hospital discharge as compared with those in the pacifier group | Hospital discharge | Negative | |
9. Maastrup(2021) [46] Denmark | Intervention study | 420 and 494 preterm mother-infant dyads in training program | 17 Danish NICUs and one children’s department | Minimizing use of pacifiers | Exclusive breastfeeding rates at discharge from the NICU to home | Hospital discharge | Negative | |
10. Shaki (2022) [5] Iran | Single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | 150 preterm infants with the gestational age of 31 to 33 weeks | NICU in Babol Rouhani Hospital, Iran | Finger use or pacifier use or nothing | Breastfeeding Behavior Scale score | Day 10 of interventions | Positive |
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Orovou, E.; Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, M.; Dagla, M.; Eskitzis, P.; Palaska, E.; Iliadou, M.; Iatrakis, G.; Antoniou, E. Correlation between Pacifier Use in Preterm Neonates and Breastfeeding in Infancy: A Systematic Review. Children 2022, 9, 1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9101585
Orovou E, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Dagla M, Eskitzis P, Palaska E, Iliadou M, Iatrakis G, Antoniou E. Correlation between Pacifier Use in Preterm Neonates and Breastfeeding in Infancy: A Systematic Review. Children. 2022; 9(10):1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9101585
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrovou, Eirini, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Maria Dagla, Panagiotis Eskitzis, Ermioni Palaska, Maria Iliadou, Georgios Iatrakis, and Evangelia Antoniou. 2022. "Correlation between Pacifier Use in Preterm Neonates and Breastfeeding in Infancy: A Systematic Review" Children 9, no. 10: 1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9101585
APA StyleOrovou, E., Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, M., Dagla, M., Eskitzis, P., Palaska, E., Iliadou, M., Iatrakis, G., & Antoniou, E. (2022). Correlation between Pacifier Use in Preterm Neonates and Breastfeeding in Infancy: A Systematic Review. Children, 9(10), 1585. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9101585