2021 September - 209 articles
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a rare but severe monogenetic autoimmune endocrine disease caused by failure of the Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE). AIRE regulates the negative selection of T cells in the thymus, and the main pathogen...
Chemotherapeutics represent the standard treatment for a wide range of cancers. However, these agents also affect healthy cells, thus leading to severe off-target effects. Given the non-selectivity of the commonly used drugs, any increase in the sele...
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic illness associated with resistance to or defective insulin secretion. This study investigates the effects of thermotherapy on cell viability, gene expression and inflammation in skeletal muscle cell line...
Immune checkpoint blockers have dramatically improved the chances of survival in patients with metastatic cancer, but only a subset of the patients respond to treatment. Search for novel targets that can improve the responder rates and overcome the l...
IκBα is considered to play an almost exclusive role as inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, previous results have demonstrated that SUMOylation imposes a distinct subcellular distribution, regulation, NF-κB-binding affinity and function...
Cardioplegic solutions play a major role in cardiac surgery due to the fact that they create a silent operating field and protect the myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury. For studies on cardioplegic solutions, it is important to compar...
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) represents a central pathophysiological hallmark of asthma, with airway smooth muscle (ASM) being the effector tissue implicated in the onset of AHR. ASM also exerts pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions, by s...
Cyanoacrylates were first used for medical purposes during World War II to close skin wounds. Over time, medical applications were developed, specifically in the vascular field. Uses now range from extravascular instillation in vascular grafting to i...
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R), which is a kidney injury produced by a variety of causes, resulting in the remaining portion of the kidney function being unable to maintain the balance for performing the tasks of w...
The successful treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) depends on adequate adherence to medications including antiplatelet agents. The aims of this study were (a) to identify the proportion of nonpersistent patients who reinitiated antiplatele...
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common causes of degenerative dementia, after Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and presents pathological and clinical overlap with both AD and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Consequently, only one in three DLB c...
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a low density lipoprotein particle that is associated with poor cardiovascular prognosis due to pro-atherogenic, pro-thrombotic, pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative properties. Traditional lipid-lowering therapy does not prov...
The COVID-19 pandemic has now affected around 190 million people worldwide, accounting for more than 4 million confirmed deaths. Besides ongoing global vaccination, finding protective and therapeutic strategies is an urgent clinical need. SARS-CoV-2...
Introns span only a quarter of the human genome, yet they host around 60% of all known microRNAs. Emerging evidence indicates the adaptive advantage of microRNAs residing within introns is attributed to their complex co-regulation with transcription...
The present study aimed to evaluate the plasma concentration of pro and antiangiogenic factors and their role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery abnormal dilation (CAAD). We measured the plasma concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8),...
Neurotransmission and cognitive dysfunctions have been linked to old age disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aluminium is a known neurotoxic metal, whereas d-galactose (d-gal) has been established as a senescence agent. WIN55,212-2 (WIN), i...
In gastric cancer (GC), biomarkers that define prognosis and predict treatment response remain scarce. We hypothesized that the extent of CD44v6 membranous tumor expression could predict prognosis and therapy response in GC patients. Two GC surgical...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the pathologic buildup of extra fat in the form of triglycerides in liver cells without excessive alcohol intake. NAFLD became the most common cause of chronic liver disease that is tightly associate...
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a near-room-temperature, partially ionized gas composed of reactive neutral and charged species. CAP also generates physical factors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thermal and electromagnetic (EM) effects....
Ovarian cancer and pregnancy are two states in which the host immune system is exposed to novel antigens. Indeed, both the tumor and placenta must invade tissues, remodel vasculature to establish a robust blood supply, and evade detection by the immu...
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare fibrovascular benign tumor showing an invasive growth pattern and affecting mainly male adolescents. We investigated the role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and WNT signaling pathways i...
Interactions between receptors and ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) provide costimulatory signals that control the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function of immune cells. All components of the TNF supe...
Polyphenols have been shown to possess several beneficial properties, including properties involved in the prevention or treatment of cancer. Among these polyphenols, a leading role is played by dihydroxyphenylethanol (DPE), the most powerful antioxi...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that play important roles in regulating gene expression. Most miRNAs are located within or close to genes (host). miRNAs and their host genes have either coordinated or independent transcription...
This study evaluates the effects of different programs of complex electromagnetic fields (C.M.F.s) on Candida albicans, in planktonic and sessile phase and on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF cells). In vitro cultures of C. albicans ATCC 10231 and HGF...
Yes-associated protein (YAP) regulates numerous cellular homeostasis processes and malignant transformation. We found that YAP influences ZO-1-mediated cell migration using E-cadherin-restored EC96 cells derived from gastric malignant AGS cells. Ecto...
Epithelial and mesenchymal transition mechanisms continue to occur during the cell cycle and throughout human development from the embryo stage to death. In embryo development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can be divided into three essenti...
The worldwide transmission of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a deadly or devastating disease is known to affect thousands of people every day, many of them dying all over the planet. The main reason for the massive effect of...
The present study focused on secondary injury following the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rats not linked to the MCA’s feeding zone. This entity has been very rarely studied. Additionally, this study investigated the rates of expression o...
Up to now, the chemotherapy approaches for glioblastoma were limited. 1-[2-Thiazolylazo]-2-naphthol (named as NSC139021) was shown to significantly inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells by targeting the atypical protein kinase RIOK2. It...
“Jekyll and Hyde” refers to persons with an unpredictably dual personality, who are battling between good and evil within themselves In this regard, even cells consist of good and evil counterparts. Normal stem cells (NSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSC...
Capsaicinoids, the pungent principles of chili peppers and prototypical activators of the transient receptor potential of the vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel, which is a member of the expanded endocannabinoid system known as the endocannabinoidome (...
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) encompasses a heterogeneous wide range of molecular tumor behavior and a high risk of progression. Early detection and treatment are therefore crucial in these patients. Treatment has improved d...
Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ((NASH) is the progressive form of (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) (NAFLD), which can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no available reliable non-invasive diagnostic tool...
Natural products (NPs) have played a significant role in drug discovery for diverse diseases, and numerous attempts have been made to discover promising NP inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), a major therapeutic target in autoimmune diseas...
A hallmark of the aging brain is the robust inflammation mediated by microglial activation. Pathophysiology of common neurodegenerative diseases involves oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Chronic treatment of aging rats by ladostigil, a compoun...
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the progressive loss of renal function; moreover, CKD progression commonly leads to multiple comorbidities, including neurological dysfunction and immune disorders. CKD-triggered neuroinflammation sign...
Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 causes a mild to severe respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While control of the SARS-CoV-2 spread partly depends on vaccine-induced or naturally acquired protective herd immunity, antiviral strategies...
An early analysis of circulating monocytes may be critical for predicting COVID-19 course and its sequelae. In 131 untreated, acute COVID-19 patients at emergency room arrival, monocytes showed decreased surface molecule expression, including low HLA...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that plays a role in various processes including differentiation of several cell types. We investigated the role of PPARα in the differentiation of intest...
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a large and diverse group of rare and chronic respiratory disorders, with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) being the most common and best-studied member. Increasing interest in fibrosis as a therapeutic target...
Understanding neuropathic pain presents several challenges, given the various mechanisms underlying its pathophysiological classification and the lack of suitable tools to assess its diagnosis. Furthermore, the response of this pathology to available...
Neutrophils represent up to 70% of circulating leukocytes in healthy humans and combat infection mostly by phagocytosis, degranulation and NETosis. It has been reported that neutrophils are centrally involved in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathog...
Tissue-resident macrophages (Mø) originating from foetal precursors are maintained by self-renewal under tissue/organ-specific microenvironments (niches). We recently developed a simple propagation method applicable to tissue-resident Mø by co-cultur...
SMC2 (structural maintenance of chromosomes 2) is the core subunit of condensins, which play a central role in chromosome organization and segregation. However, the functions of SMC2 in embryonic development remain poorly understood, due to the embry...
Breast cancer (BC) is a disease characterized by high degrees of heterogeneity at morphologic, genomic, and genetic levels, even within the same tumor mass or among patients. As a consequence, different subpopulations coexist and less represented clo...
Cells are constantly exposed to numerous mutagens that produce diverse types of DNA lesions. Eukaryotic cells have evolved an impressive array of DNA repair mechanisms that are able to detect and repair these lesions, thus preventing genomic instabil...
Cholinesterases (ChEs) show increased activities in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and remain one of the main therapeutic targets for treatment of this neurodegenerative disorder. A library of organoruthenium(II) complexes was prepared to investi...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic severely impacts health, economy, and society worldwide. Antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed to cope with this global crisis. It has been found that the biogenesis and release mechan...
Sarcoidosis is a systemic, granulomatous disease caused by unknown immunological abnormalities. The organs most vulnerable to sarcoidosis are the lungs. Patients often resolve spontaneously, but the lungs can also be severely affected. Although detai...
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