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Biomedicines
Volume 13
Issue 5
10.3390/biomedicines13051071
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

PTX3/NF-κB/TLR4 Pathway Evaluation in the Follicular Fluid to Successfully Predict Blastocyst Implantation: A Pilot Study

by
Alessio Ardizzone
1,
Carmelo Liuzzo
2,
Arianna Ferro
2,
Marco Galletta
2,
Emanuela Esposito
1,3,* and
Anna Paola Capra
1,3
1
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
2
UOSD Center for Medically Assisted Procreation (MAP), AO “Papardo” Hospital, Contrada Papardo, 98158 Messina, Italy
3
Genetics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, “Gaetano Martino” University Hospital, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomedicines 2025, 13(5), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051071
Submission received: 19 March 2025 / Revised: 24 April 2025 / Accepted: 26 April 2025 / Published: 28 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Factors in Embryo Implantation and Placental Development)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: The implantation process is complex and involves numerous factors that can affect its success. In artificial reproductive treatments (ARTs), chronic inflammation seems to be associated with implantation failure, largely contributing to reproductive dysfunction. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is overexpressed in several pathological conditions by exerting a pivotal role both as a regulator and indicator of inflammatory response. Some literature data have shown that PTX3 could have an impact on follicle growth and development, influencing women’s fertility. This study aimed to detect PTX3 in follicular fluids collected during an ART protocol in relation to implantation outcomes. Methods: The PTX3/NF-kB/TLR4 pathway and other cytokines were assessed in the follicular fluid of 169 subjects, under the age of 40 years, undergoing IVF cycles, including females without achieved implantation (n = 98) and those with implantation (n = 71). Furthermore, subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate PTX3 values according to age difference. Results: From our data, PTX3 emerged as a strong predictor, more than TNFα and IL-1β, of implantation failure and related inflammatory follicular state. Overall, the results point to PTX3 as a potential biomarker for ART success, and their testing may be helpful in women whose successful implantation remains unexplained. Conclusions: Therefore, PTX3 could constitute a reliable biomarker and a valuable target to improve ART outcomes.
Keywords: Pentraxin 3 (PTX3); artificial reproductive treatments (ARTs); follicular fluid; inflammation; pregnancy outcome; blastocyst implantation Pentraxin 3 (PTX3); artificial reproductive treatments (ARTs); follicular fluid; inflammation; pregnancy outcome; blastocyst implantation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ardizzone, A.; Liuzzo, C.; Ferro, A.; Galletta, M.; Esposito, E.; Capra, A.P. PTX3/NF-κB/TLR4 Pathway Evaluation in the Follicular Fluid to Successfully Predict Blastocyst Implantation: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051071

AMA Style

Ardizzone A, Liuzzo C, Ferro A, Galletta M, Esposito E, Capra AP. PTX3/NF-κB/TLR4 Pathway Evaluation in the Follicular Fluid to Successfully Predict Blastocyst Implantation: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(5):1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051071

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ardizzone, Alessio, Carmelo Liuzzo, Arianna Ferro, Marco Galletta, Emanuela Esposito, and Anna Paola Capra. 2025. "PTX3/NF-κB/TLR4 Pathway Evaluation in the Follicular Fluid to Successfully Predict Blastocyst Implantation: A Pilot Study" Biomedicines 13, no. 5: 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051071

APA Style

Ardizzone, A., Liuzzo, C., Ferro, A., Galletta, M., Esposito, E., & Capra, A. P. (2025). PTX3/NF-κB/TLR4 Pathway Evaluation in the Follicular Fluid to Successfully Predict Blastocyst Implantation: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines, 13(5), 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051071

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