Bryophytes of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park: Endemism and Conservation in the Atlantic Forest

de Lima, Jéssica Soares; Faria, Allan Laid Alkimim; Gonçalves, Mateus Tomás Anselmo; Peralta, Denilson Fernandes

doi:10.3390/plants14152419

Open AccessArticle

Bryophytes of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park: Endemism and Conservation in the Atlantic Forest

by

Jéssica Soares de Lima

^1,*,

Allan Laid Alkimim Faria

²

,

Mateus Tomás Anselmo Gonçalves

¹

and

Denilson Fernandes Peralta

¹

Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Avenida Miguel Stéfano, 3687, São Paulo 04301-102, SP, Brazil

²

Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Plants 2025, 14(15), 2419; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152419

Submission received: 16 June 2025 / Revised: 7 July 2025 / Accepted: 22 July 2025 / Published: 4 August 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Bryophytes)

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Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive inventory of bryophytes in Serra dos Órgãos National Park (PARNASO), aiming to evaluate species richness, floristic composition and threatened taxa. Despite the state of Rio de Janeiro being one of the most extensively sampled regions for bryophytes in Brazil, detailed surveys of its conservation units remain scarce. Data were obtained through bibliographic review, herbarium specimen analysis, and new field collections. A total of 504 species were recorded, belonging to 202 genera and 76 families. The park harbors three locally endemic species, eight endemic to Rio de Janeiro, and sixty-nine species endemic to Brazil. Additionally, eleven species were identified as threatened, comprising seven Endangered (EN), two Critically Endangered (CR), and two Vulnerable (VU) according to the IUCN guidelines. PARNASO includes four distinct ecosystems along an altitudinal gradient: sub-montane forest (up to 500 m), montane forest (500–1500 m), upper-montane forest (1500–2000 m), and high-altitude fields (above 2000 m). Montane Forest showed the highest species richness, followed by high-altitude fields, upper-montane forest, and sub-montane forest. The findings highlight PARNASO’s importance in preserving bryophyte diversity in a highly diverse yet understudied region. This work contributes valuable baseline data to support conservation strategies and future ecological studies in Atlantic Forest remnants.

Keywords:

endangered species; highlands; liverworts; mosses

1. Introduction

Serra dos Órgãos National Park (PARNASO), established on November 30th, 1939, holds the distinction of being the third national park created in Brazil. This protected area is situated within the Atlantic Forest domain, specifically in the Serra do Mar massifs and called “Órgãos” in Portuguese because its peaks resemble and are named as “pipe organs”. The Serra do Mar is an extensive mountain range approximately 1500 km along the Brazilian coast, from the northern Santa Catarina State to Rio de Janeiro State [1,2].

PARNASO currently represents one of the most important remaining biodiversity hotspots in Rio de Janeiro State, since its ecosystems are one of the largest centers of flower plant endemism in the Atlantic Forest [3,4]. It also plays a vital role in preserving essential water sources that feed two main watersheds—Paraíba do Sul and several streams of the Baía de Guanabara [5,6,7,8].

The Atlantic Forest domain is one of the most species-rich forests in the tropics [4,9,10]. It is also recognized for having high levels of biodiversity and endemism, expressed via its complex structural environments [11,12]. Tropical forests harbor the highest diversity of bryophyte species in the world, not only due to their structural complexity and microhabitat heterogeneity, but also because of favorable climatic conditions such as high humidity, frequent precipitation, and relatively stable temperatures [13,14]. Some authors have reported that this diversity may vary along the altitudinal range, especially concerning structural and floristic composition [15,16,17,18].

The Atlantic Forest within PARNASO comprises well-preserved forests characterized by four distinct vegetation formations based on altitude, climate, and soil conditions, among other factors [6,19,20,21,22]. In the lower parts around Sede Guapimirim, sub-montane forest prevails, while near Sede at Teresópolis, the forest transitions from montane forest to upper-montane forest, culminating above 2000 m.a.s.l. and high-altitude fields along the trail from Teresópolis to Petrópolis [19].

The species list of the vascular plants in Flora Organensis [19] is strongly based on the work of 18th-century botanists and on collections made especially by A.C. Brade (1881–1971) and C.T. Rizzini (1921–1992) between the 1930s and 1950s of the 20th century. These collectors also recorded bryophytes, and the specimens were studied by Bartram (1954) [19], who identified 146 species. Most bryophyte specimens from Serra dos Órgãos are deposited in the Herbarium of Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB).

Bryophytes from PARNASO were not sufficiently explored, and even considering that, though several researchers collected and published new taxa, the study was dispersed as examined material in taxonomical revisionary work. For example, Faria et al. (2021) [23] attempted to re-collect species founded by Glaziou in Serra dos Órgaos and the taxonomic reclassification of an Atlantic Forest endemic, and Peralta et al. (2020) [24] reported species of the Andreaceae family from the region.

There is no other information on bryophytes in PARNASO; thus, there is no detailed data on the floristic structure and composition of bryophytes. A comprehensive species list will contribute to filling a significant knowledge gap for the state of Rio de Janeiro and support the assessment of threatened bryophyte species. In addition, the revision of herbarium specimens and the incorporation of new collections will help stimulate further research on the ecology and biogeography of bryophytes within this important national park. This work aims to provide an inventory of the bryophyte species in PARNASO and discuss the following topics: (i) species richness and floristic composition; (ii) substrate preferences; and (iii) endemism and conservation status.

2. Results

2.1. Species Richness and Floristic Composition

The present study documented 504 species in 202 genera and 76 families (Table 1). The Serra dos Órgaos National Park preserves 57% of the known bryophyte flora of Rio de Janeiro State and 31% of Brazil. A total of 3000 specimens were analyzed, resulting in the identification of 428 species and an additional 79 species (indicated by * in Table 1) that remain known only from the literature.

Three species are locally endemic, being known only from the type specimens collected over 100 years ago: Southbya organensis (Lützelburg 6003 p.p. [holotype JE]), Plagiochila pseudoradicans (Lützelburg 6029b [holotype JE]) and Dicranodontium pulchroalare ssp. brasiliense (Lützelburg 1519 [holotype JE]). Additional field research is urgently needed in order to obtain new records and data of these three endemic species.

The most species-rich families of liverworts are Lejeuneaceae (65 spp.) and Lepidoziaceae (16 spp.), while for moss they are Leucobryaceae (30 spp.) and Sphagnaceae (25 spp.). A total of 8 species of hornworts were found, distributed among the families Dendrocerotaceae (4 spp.), Anthocerotaceae (2 spp.) and Nothotyladaceae (2 spp.). The most species-rich genera were Campylopus (Leucobryaceae, 23 spp.); Plagiochila (Plagiochilaceae, 21 spp.); Fissidens (Fissidentaceae, 20 spp.); Lejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, 16 spp.); and Metzgeria (Metzgeriaceae, 14 spp.). Considering the samples analyzed, the most common species with the largest number of records were Campylopus arctocarpus (7 specimens); Lejeunea acanthogona (7); Lejeunea flava (7); Radula nudicaulis (7); Bryum capillare (6); Fissidens wallisii (6); Lejeunea serpillifolioides (6); Rigodium toxarion (6); Trichocolea brevifissa (6); and Zelometeorium ambiguum (6).

2.2. Substrate Preferences

The bryophyte species predominantly colonized rocks (210 spp.), followed by tree trunks (209 spp.), soil (205 spp.), logs (50 spp.), and leaves (29 spp.) (Figure 1).

The availability of trees within the forests of PARNASO clearly influences the bryophyte species occurrence. Mosses predominantly colonize tree trunks, with only four species being found on leaves: Paraleucobryum longifolium (Dicranaceae); Philophyllum tenuifolium (Hookeriaceae); Toloxis imponderosa (Meteoriaceae); and Schlotheimia tecta (Orthotrichaceae).

The lowest bryophyte colonization was for leaves (epiphyllous). The leaf-colonizing species most frequent were the leafy liverworts of the family Lejeuneaceae (21 spp.), followed by Radulaceae (2 spp.) and the thallose liverwort family Metzgeriaceae (2 spp.). According to Gradstein et al. (2001) [17] and Ilkiu-Borges & Lisboa (2004) [57], species of Lejeuneaceae can colonize different types of substrates, but their occurrence on leaves is indicative of preserved native areas.

2.3. Endemism and Conservation Status

The Serra dos Órgaos National Park protects three species locally endemic, eight from Rio de Janeiro state, and 69 Brazilian (Table 2). Endemism and species richness are high with an increase in altitude, as was also found in Itatiaia National Park, located in Serra da Mantiqueira [18].

Of the 28 species of Brazilian endemic bryophytes exclusive to high-altitude fields, 12 belong to the family Sphagnaceae (42%). The species Sphagnum luetzelburgii and S. sehnemii are endemic to Brazil, occurring in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and Rio de Janeiro. However, in Rio de Janeiro State, these species are restricted to mountains of the Atlantic Forest and have only been reported for PARNASO by Costa (2021) [58] and not by the present work.

The lower number of endemic species recorded in sub-montane forest probably reflects the effects of ecological and biogeographic processes, as well as human interference [18]. Among the 19 endemic species exclusively found in montane forest, 13 are liverworts and 6 are mosses. The predominant liverwort family is Lejeuneaceae, with nine species, followed by Metzgeriaceae with three and Jamesoniellaceae with two.

We have re-collected some species considered rare, including Bryum limbatum. Ochi (1980) [59] cites a collection from Metzgeria furcata, collected by Bartram (1954) [19]; Sphagnum cuspidatum, collected by Luetzelburg in 1923; and Andreaea acutifolia, collected by Mueller in 1845. Andreaea acutifolia is always mistakenly identified as A. rupestris, the two differing mainly by perichaetial leaves [24]. The species S. cuspidatum is widespread in Brazil [60], but has been collected only once in PARNASO.

The Serra dos Orgaos Park also protects eleven of the species indicated as threatened by CNCFlora and Flora e Funga do Brasil (Figure 2 and Table 2) in the Rio de Janeiro state: seven as Endangered (EN), two as Critically Endangered (CR) and two as Vulnerable (VU). Among these threatened species, three are known only from the type material, and were not found in the field trips. Southbya organensis was described by Herzog (1949) [61] and is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) by CNCFlora (2012) [58] due to its distribution being restricted to Serra dos Órgãos, specifically Morro do Açu peak, which has excessive tourism and recurrent arson instead. Plagiochila pseudoradicans and Dicranodontium pulchroalare ssp. brasiliense were described by Herzog (1949) [61], and neither was assessed by CNCFlora (2012) [62] because they were considered as Data Deficient (DD) at that time.

3. Discussion

The Serra dos Órgãos National Park (PARNASO) exhibits remarkable bryophyte diversity. This richness highlights the park as a key conservation area for bryophytes in the Atlantic Forest. These findings suggest that even in areas already considered well-studied, significant knowledge gaps remain, highlighting the dynamic nature of bryophyte diversity and distribution.

One important factor contributing to this diversity is the presence of forested areas with abundant tree trunks, which serve as critical substrates for epiphytic bryophytes. The architectural, morphological, phenological, and chemical traits of different tree species create varied microhabitats that support a wide range of bryophyte taxa [57,63]. Shade-loving epiphytes, in particular, are commonly found in these forest environments but are highly sensitive to environmental disturbances. As such, they are often among the first species to disappear following canopy opening or habitat degradation [64], making them reliable indicators of forest health.

In contrast, mosses exhibit a broader ecological amplitude due to their desiccation tolerance and structurally complex adaptations, such as costa development, hyaline leaf apices, papillae, and specialized conducting tissues like hydroids and leptoids [29,65,66]. These features enable many mosses to colonize exposed and drier substrates, including rocky outcrops. Similar patterns of moss dominance on rock surfaces have been observed in other highland regions of Brazil, such as Chapada Diamantina [67,68], Serra do Caraça [69], and Serra da Canastra [70].

The high-altitude ecosystems of PARNASO further enhance bryophyte diversity by creating isolated and unique habitats. Mountain summits, often compared to ecological islands due to their environmental isolation, support specialized flora adapted to harsh conditions such as strong winds, low temperatures, and nutrient-poor soils [71,72,73]. These rupestrian fields form natural refugia, acting as barriers to typical forest species and favoring the emergence of narrow endemics and rare taxa [74,75,76].

Overall, the findings of this study underscore the ecological importance and conservation value of Serra dos Órgãos National Park. Alongside Itatiaia National Park, PARNASO remains one of the most critical remnants of Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, particularly in terms of bryophyte conservation. The park’s diverse topography, wide range of microhabitats, and climatic heterogeneity—marked by high altitudes, low temperatures, and high light availability—create optimal conditions for bryophyte diversity. Furthermore, the presence of endemic and threatened species reinforces the park’s role as a conservation priority. Such studies are valuable as they reveal the significance of endemism and species richness, crucial factors in determining conservation priorities [77], and emphasize the importance of preserving Serra dos Órgãos National Park.

4. Materials and Methods

4.1. Study Area

Serra dos Órgãos National Park (PARNASO) is located in the highlands region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, ranging the municipalities of Teresópolis, Petrópolis, Guapimirim and Magé (22°23′36.96″–22°34′57.72″ S and 43°10′57.72″–42°58′43.68″ W). It is a protected area with 20,024 hectares of Atlantic Forest in a central position in the Serra do Mar Ecological Corridor. Ranging in altitude from 80 to 2275 m.a.s.l. (Figure 3), it is the highest portion of the entire Serra do Mar [2]. The climate is tropical and super humid (80–90% relative humidity), with the annual average temperature ranging from 13 to 23 °C, although minimums can reach −5 °C during winter above 800 m.a.s.l. [6,8,74]. The average annual rainfall ranges from 1500 mm to 3000 mm, with higher concentrations of rain during summer (December to March) and a dry season during winter (June to August), while heat is well distributed throughout the year [78,79].

The vegetation classification adopted follows Veloso et al. (1991) [20] and Safford (1999) [80]: Sub-montane Forest (below 600 m.a.s.l., typically evergreen, with a high canopy and rich floristic diversity; dominant tree species include Protium spp., Virola spp., and members of the Myrtaceae and Fabaceae families); montane forest (600–1500, characterized by shorter trees and more frequent presence of cloud cover; common tree species include Clethra spp. and various species of Melastomataceae); upper-montane forest (above 1500, vegetation here is more stunted, often with gnarled trees adapted to frequent mist and lower temperatures). Dominant elements include Weinmannia paulliniifoli and Drimys brasiliensis, and high-altitude fields (above 1800–2000) are open grassland formations interspersed with shrubs, herbs, and occasional low woody elements. Common species include Vellozia spp., Paepalanthus spp., and Eryngium spp. (Figure 4).

4.2. Studied Taxa

The species list developed here is based on (i) a bibliographic survey conducted by consulting published volumes of major Brazilian botanical journals, as well as international bibliographic databases (Web of Science, SciELO, and Google Scholar), in search of peer-reviewed articles; the search focused on article titles containing combinations of the keywords “Serra dos Órgãos,” “bryophytes,” “mosses,” and “liverworts,” followed by a careful and detailed reading of each selected publication; (ii) herbarium specimens collected in the study area; and (iii) new collections (Figure 4).

Herbarium specimens were obtained from online sources like (GBIF [81], jabot, JStorTypes and SpeciesLink accessed several times). The specimens are requested on loan and re-determined and carefully examined for small species associations, with one of each species cited as voucher in the Table 1. The authors conducted four field excursions to the PARNASO, each lasting one week, two during the rainy season and two during the dry season, with the aim of locating species not previously recorded in the herbarium. The collection, preservation and herborization methodologies follow Frahm (2003) and employ free walks [82] for covering all available substrates like tree trunks, logs, soil, rocks and leaves.

Field trips in the Park intended to check if species collected in the past are yet present, to collect new specimens and to record new taxa. Collected samples were deposited in the herbarium of the University of Brasília (UB), with duplicates sent to the herbarium of Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais (SP). The classification system used here follows Crandall-Stotler et al. [83] for Marchantiophyta, Goffinet et al. [65] for Bryophyta and Renzaglia et al. [84] for Anthocerotophyta. Data referring to endemic species of Brazil and of Rio de Janeiro State came from Flora e Funga do Brasil (floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br), while conservation status followed CNCFlora (cncflora.jbrj.gov.br).

5. Conclusions

The Serra dos Órgãos National Park stands out as a key refuge for bryophyte diversity in the Atlantic Forest, hosting numerous endemic and threatened species. The park’s altitudinal variation, diverse microhabitats, and unique environmental conditions favor high species richness and endemism. These findings reinforce the ecological value of PARNASO and underscore the urgency of conserving this unique mountainous ecosystem.

Author Contributions

Methodology, M.T.A.G. and D.F.P.; Validation, D.F.P.; Investigation, J.S.d.L., A.L.A.F., M.T.A.G. and D.F.P.; Resources, D.F.P.; Data curation, J.S.d.L., A.L.A.F. and D.F.P.; Writing—original draft, A.L.A.F.; Writing—review & editing, J.S.d.L., M.T.A.G. and D.F.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAP-DF).

Data Availability Statement

The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.

Acknowledgments

We thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAP-DF) for financial support to this project and the park coordinator PARNASO (Jorge Nascimento). We fully thank the support in field collections of the colleagues Amanda Leal, Anderson Eustáquio, Clapton Moura, Cosme Ponte and Flávio Rick.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Abbreviation

PARNASO

Serra dos Órgãos National Park

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Figure 1. Substrates colonized by bryophytes in Serra dos Órgãos National Park.

Figure 2. Pictures of some species indicated as threatened in Serra dos Orgaos National Park. (A) Gongylanthus liebmannianus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph., (B) Metzgeria hegewaldii Kuwah., (C) Plagiochila boryana Gottsche ex Steph., (D) Atractylocarpus longisetus (Hook.) E.B.Bartram, (E) Leptodontium wallisii (Müll.Hal.) Kindb., (F) Sphagnum perforatum Warnst.

Figure 3. Location of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

Figure 4. Collection sites in Serra dos Órgãos National Park. (A) Trail of the “Mirante”, (B) aspect of the montane forest with streams, (C) “Véu da Noiva” waterfall, (D) aspect of the upper-montane forest, (E) aspect of high-altitude fields, with Sphagnum among Chusquea sp.

Table 1. Richness and diversity of bryophyte species. Symbols on the species voucher: species only known from the literature (*).

Group	Family	Taxon	Voucher
Liverworts	Acrobolbaceae	Tylimanthus laxus (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Spruce	Peralta 27761 (SP)
	Aneuraceae	Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort.	Peralta 27768 (SP)
	Aneuraceae	Riccardia chamedryfolia (With.) Grolle	Silva, AL 515
	Aneuraceae	Riccardia digitiloba (Spruce ex Steph.) Pagán	Peralta 27496 (SP)
	Aneuraceae	Riccardia emarginata (Steph.) Hell	Peralta 27618 (SP)
	Aneuraceae	Riccardia fucoidea (Sw.) Schiffn.	Peralta 20395 (SP)
	Aneuraceae	Riccardia glaziou (Spruce) Meenks	Gaspar 121 (R)
	Aneuraceae	Riccardia regnellii (Aongström.) Hell	Peralta 27487 (SP)
	Arnelliaceae	Gongylanthus liebmannianus (Lindenb. & Gott.) Steph	Gonçalves 358 (SP)
	Arnelliaceae	Southbya organensis Herzog *	Ph. v. Lützelburg 6003 p.p. (Tipo JE)
	Balantiopsidaceae	Isotachis aubertii (Schwägr.) Mitt.	Gaspar 148 (R)
	Balantiopsidaceae	Isotachis erythrorhiza (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Steph.	Peralta 27572 (SP)
	Balantiopsidaceae	Isotachis multiceps (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Gottsche	Lima 783 (SP)
	Balantiopsidaceae	Isotachis serrulata (Sw.) Gottsche	Gonçalves 396 (SP)
	Balantiopsidaceae	Neesioscyphus carneus (Nees) Grolle	Peralta 20398 (SP)
	Balantiopsidaceae	Neesioscyphus homophyllus (Nees) Grolle	Peralta 27722 (SP)
	Calypogeiaceae	Calypogeia peruviana Nees & Mont.	Peralta 27491 (SP)
	Cephaloziaceae	Cephaloziella divaricada (Sm.) Schiffn.	Gaspar 112 (R)
	Cephaloziaceae	Cephaloziella granatensis (J.B.Jack) Fulford	Peralta 27638 (SP)
	Cephaloziaceae	Cylindrocolea planifolia (Steph.) R.M.Schust.	Peralta 27621 (SP)
	Cephaloziaceae	Kymatocalyx dominicensis (Spruce) Vána	Peralta 27755 (SP)
	Cephaloziaceae	Odontoschisma denudatum (Nees) Dumort.	Peralta 20506 (SP)
	Cephaloziaceae	Odontoschisma longiflorum (Taylor) Trevis. *	Fulford (1976)
	Cephaloziellaceae	Cephaloziopsis intertexta (Gottsche) R.M. Schust.	Peralta 27488 (SP)
	Cephaloziellaceae	Fuscocephaloziopsis crassifolia (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Váňa & L. Söderstr.	Dias 1414 (SP)
	Dumortieraceae	Dumortiera hirsuta Nees & Mont.	Peralta 27710 (SP)
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania atrata Nees	Faria 1560 (SP)
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania beyrichiana (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. * & Lindenb.	Beyrich s.n. (holótipo W)
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania brasiliensis Raddi	Peralta 27631 (SP)
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania cuencensis Taylor	Peralta 27551 (SP)
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania ericoides (Nees) Mont. *	Nees (1833, as Jungermannia)
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania kunzei (Lehm. & Lindb.) Lehm. & Lindb.	Peralta 20492 (SP)
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania obcordata (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb. in Gott. et al. *	Winter & Schaefer-Verwimp (2020) [25]
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania obscura (Sw.) Dumort.	Peralta 20453 (SP)
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania riojaneirensis (Raddi) Spruce *	Gottsche et al. (1844) [26]
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania schaefer-verwimpii Yuzawa & Hatt.	Schafer-Verwimp 7375 (SP)
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania setigera Steph.	Peralta 27501 (SP)
	Frullaniaceae	Frullania vitalii Yuzawa & Hatt.	Yano 13575 (SP)
	Geocalycaceae	Saccogynidium caldense (Ångstr.) Grolle	Peralta 27620 (SP)
	Herbertaceae	Herbertus acanthelius Spruce	Peralta 27534 (SP)
	Herbertaceae	Herbertus juniperoideus (Sw.) Grolle	Gissi 339 (SP)
	Herbertaceae	Herbertus pensilis (T. Taylor) Spruce	Peralta 27612 (SP)
	Herbertaceae	Herbertus sendtneri (Nees) A.Evans *	Fulford (1963 as Herbertus grossispinus) [27]
	Herbertaceae	Triandrophyllum subtrifidum (Hook.f. & Taylor) Fulford & Hatch. *	Grolle (1964) [28]
	Jamesoniellaceae	Syzygiella anomala (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph.	Lima 789 p.p. (SP)
	Jamesoniellaceae	Syzygiella colorata (Lehm.) K. Feldberg et al.	Peralta 27575 (SP)
	Jamesoniellaceae	Syzygiella concreta (Gottsche) Spruce	Peralta 20397 (SP)
	Jamesoniellaceae	Syzygiella contigua Steph.	Peralta 20509 (SP)
	Jamesoniellaceae	Syzygiella manca (Mont.) J. B. Jack & Steph.	Gonçalves 389 (SP)
	Jamesoniellaceae	Syzygiella perfoliata (Sw.) Spruce	Peralta 20401 (SP)
	Jamesoniellaceae	Syzygiella sonderi (Gottsche) K. Feldberg, Váňa, Hentschel & Heinrichs	Peralta 27502 (SP)
	Jamesoniellaceae	Syzygiella trigonifolia (Steph.) Herzog	Peralta 27613 (SP)
	Jamesoniellaceae	Syzygiella uleana Steph.	Peralta 20428 (SP)
	Jungermanniaceae	Anastrophyllum piligerum (Nees) Steph.	Peralta 20380 (SP)
	Jungermanniaceae	Anastrophyllum tubulosum (Nees) Grolle	Peralta 27565 (SP)
	Jungermanniaceae	Jungermannia amoena Lindenb. & Gottsche	Gaspar 131 (R)
	Jungermanniaceae	Jungermannia hyalina Lyell	Lima 792 (SP)
	Jungermanniaceae	Jungermannia sphaerocarpa Hook.	Gaspar 122 (R)
	Lejeuneaceae	Acanthocoleus aberrans (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Kruijt	Peralta 27465 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Anoplolejeunea conferta (C.F.W.Meissn. ex Spreng.) A.Evans	Peralta 27645 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Blepharolejeunea incongrua (Lindenb. & Gottsche) van Slageren & Kruijt	Peralta 27577 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Brachiolejeunea phyllorhiza (Nees) Kruijt & Gradst. *	Gottsche et al. (1844)
	Lejeuneaceae	Bryopteris diffusa (Sw.) Nees *	Stotler & Crandall (1974) [29]
	Lejeuneaceae	Bryopteris filicina (Sw.) Nees	Peralta 27530 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Ceratolejeunea rubiginosa Gottsche ex Steph.	Peralta 27681 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Cheilolejeunea acutangula (Nees) Grolle	Peralta 27523 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Cheilolejeunea beyrichii (Lindenb.) E. Reiner	Peralta 27492 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Cheilolejeunea filiformis (Sw.) W. Ye, R.L. Zhu & Gradst. *	Gottsche et al. (1844, as Omphalanthus) [26]
	Lejeuneaceae	Cheilolejeunea grosseoleosa C.J.Bastos & Schäf.-Verw.	Peralta 27549 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Cheilolejeunea holostipa (Spruce) Grolle & R.-L.Zhu	Alkimim-Faria 1486
	Lejeuneaceae	Cheilolejeunea unciloba (Lindenb.) Malombe	Lima 750 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Cheilolejeunea xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Malombe	Peralta 27504 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Cololejeunea cardiocarpa (Mont.) A.Evans	Peralta 27687 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Cololejeunea diaphana A.Evans	Peralta 27687 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Cololejeunea jamesii M.E.Reiner & Pócs	Peralta 20511 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Cololejeunea microscopica (Taylor) Schiffn.	Peralta 27694 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Cololejeunea papilliloba (Steph). Steph.	Peralta 27695 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Colura itatyana Steph.	Gaspar 138 (R)
	Lejeuneaceae	Colura tenuicornis (A.Evans) Steph. *	Jovet-Ast (1953) [30]
	Lejeuneaceae	Cyclolejeunea luteola (Spruce) Grolle & R.-L.Zhu	Schafer-Verwimp 7416 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Dibrachiella parviflora (Nees) X.Q. Shi, R.L. Zhu & Gradst.	Silva, AL 500
	Lejeuneaceae	Dicranolejeunea axilaris (Nees & Mont.) Schiffn.	Peralta 27735 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Diplasiolejeunea alata Jovet-Ast	Peralta 27593 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Diplasiolejeunea unidentata (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. *	Gradstein & Costa (2003) [31]
	Lejeuneaceae	Drepanolejeunea anoplanta (Spruce) Steph.	Peralta 27659 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Drepanolejeunea araucariae Steph.	Gaspar 135 (R)
	Lejeuneaceae	Drepanolejeunea bidens (Steph.) A.Evans	Gaspar 117 (R)
	Lejeuneaceae	Drepanolejeunea fragilis Bischl.	Peralta 27593 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Drepanolejeunea lichenicola (Spruce) Steph. *	Bischler (1964) [32]
	Lejeuneaceae	Drepanolejeunea mosenii (Steph.) Bischl.	Peralta 27639 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Frullanoides tristis van Slageren	Peralta 27646 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Haplolejeunea umbrosa Gradst. & Ilkiu-Borges	Peralta 27495 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Harpalejeunea oxyphylla (Nees & Mont.) Steph.	Gaspar 124 (R)
	Lejeuneaceae	Harpalejeunea schiffneri S.W. Arnell	Peralta 27462 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Harpalejeunea stricta (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph.	Peralta 27526 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Harpalejeunea subacuta A.Evans	Peralta 20450 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea acanthogona Spruce	Peralta 27463 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea aphanes Spruce	Lima 750 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea bermudiana (A.Evans) R.M.Schust.	Peralta 27719 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea beyrichiana (Steph) Gradst. & C.J.Bastos *	Beyrich s.n. (Tipo NY)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea cerina (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Gottsche	Schaefer-Verwimp 7369 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea flaccida Lindenb. & Gottsche	Peralta 27512 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees	Peralta 27505 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea glaucescens Gottsche	Peralta 27476 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea grossitexta (Steph.) E.Reiner & Goda *	Schäfer-Verwimp & Vital (1989) [33]
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea laetevirens Nees & Mont.	Peralta 27464 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea longidentata C.J.Bastos, Gradst., S. Vilas Bôas-Bastos & Schäf.-Verw.	Peralta 27543 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea oligoclada Spruce	Peralta 27498 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea pterigonia (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Mont.	Peralta 27525 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea raddiana Lindenb.	Peratla 20484 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea serpillifolioides (Raddi) Gradst.	Peralta 27611 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Lejeunea subplana (Steph.) C.J.Bastos	Gonçalves 306 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Marchesinia brachiata (Sw.) Schiffn.	Peralta 27508 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Metalejeunea cuculata (Reinw. et al.) Grolle	Yano 13558 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Microlejeunea cystifera Herzog	Peralta 27482 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Microlejeunea epiphylla Bischl.	Gonçalves 306 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Microlejeunea squarrosa J. Heinrichs, A. Schäfer-Verwimp, Pócs & S.S. Dong	Peralta 27671 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Microlejeunea stricta (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph.	Lima 782 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Neurolejeunea breutelii (Gottsche) A.Evans	Lima 767 p.p. (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Otigoniolejeunea huctumalcensis (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Y.M. Wei, R.L. Zhu & Gradst.	Peralta 27474 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Prionolejeunea aemula (Gottsche) A.Evans	Peralta 27727 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Schiffneriolejeunea polycarpa (Nees) Gradst.	Peralta 20468 (SP)
	Lejeuneaceae	Vitalianthus bischelerianus (Porto & Grolle) R.M.Schust. & Giancotti *	Gottsche et al. (1844, as Phragmicoma juliformis)
	Lepidoziaceae	Bazzania aurescens Spruce	Peralta 20394 (SP)
	Lepidoziaceae	Bazzania hookeri (Lindenb.) Trevis.	Fulford (1963)
	Lepidoziaceae	Bazzania longistipula (Lindenb.) Trevis.	Peralta 27480 (SP)
	Lepidoziaceae	Bazzania nitida (Weber) Grolle	Peralta 27529 (SP)
	Lepidoziaceae	Bazzania stolonifera (Sw.) Trevis. *	Nees (1833, as Jungermannia) [34]
	Lepidoziaceae	Kurzia capillaris (Sw.) Grolle	Lima 780 (SP)
	Lepidoziaceae	Lepidozia coilophylla Taylor	Peralta 27532 (SP)
	Lepidoziaceae	Lepidozia cupressina (Sw.) Lindenb.	Gonçalves 311 (SP)
	Lepidoziaceae	Lepidozia inaequalis (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lehm. & Lindenb.	Peralta 20402 (SP)
	Lepidoziaceae	Lepidozia incurvata Lindenb.	Lima 784 (SP)
	Lepidoziaceae	Lepidozia macrocolea Spruce	Peralta 27539 (SP)
	Lepidoziaceae	Micropterygium leiophyllum Spruce *	Gottsche et al. (1844, as M. vulgare)
	Lepidoziaceae	Micropterygium pterygophyllum (Nees) Trevis.	Nees (1833, as Jungermannia)
	Lepidoziaceae	Paracromastigum dusenii R.M.Schust. *	Dias 1310 (SP)
	Lepidoziaceae	Paracromastigum pachyrhizum (Nees) Fulford	Schafer-Verwimp 7421 (SP)
	Lepidoziaceae	Telaranea nematodes (Gottsche ex Austin) M.A.Howe	Lima 754 (SP)
	Lophocoleaceae	Lophocolea muricata (Lehm.) Nees in Gottsche et al.	Peralta 27508 (SP)
	Lophocoleaceae	Clasmatocolea vermicularis (Lehm.) Grolle	Peralta 27566 (SP)
	Lophocoleaceae	Cryptolophocolea martiana (Nees) L.Soderstr. et al. subsp. martiana	Lima 768 (SP)
	Lophocoleaceae	Heteroscyphus combinatus (Nees) Schiffn.	Peralta 27556 (SP)
	Lophocoleaceae	Leptoscyphus amphibolius (Nees) Grolle	Peralta 27583 (SP)
	Lophocoleaceae	Leptoscyphus porphyrius (Nees) Grolle	Peralta 27628 (SP)
	Lophocoleaceae	Leptoscyphus spectabilis (Steph.) Grolle	Peralta 27658 (SP)
	Lophocoleaceae	Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dumort.	Peralta 20420 (SP)
	Lophocoleaceae	Lophocolea connata (Sw.) Nees *	Nees (1833, as Jungermannia)
	Lophocoleaceae	Lophocolea mandonii Steph.	Peralta 20379 (SP)
	Marchantiaceae	Marchantia chenopoda L.	Vital 1197 (SP)
	Marchantiaceae	Marchantia polymorpha L.	Schwacke, C.A.W. s.n. (R)
	Marchantiaceae	Marchantia paleacea Bert.	Peralta 20475 (SP)
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria acuminata Steph.	Peralta 27471 (SP)
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria albinea Spruce	Peralta 27475 (SP)
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria brasiliensis Schiffn.	Dias 1234 (SP)
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria ciliata Raddi *	Raddi (1823) [35]
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria conjugata Lindb.	Silva, AL 517 (UB)
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria consanguinea Schiffn.	Peralta 27528 (SP)
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria convoluta Steph. *	Costa (2008) [36]
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria cratoneura Schiffn. *	Costa (2008) [36]
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria decipiens (C. Massal.) Schiffn.	Eiten 7105 (SP)
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria fruticola Spruce	Peralta 27715 (SP)
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dumort. *	Bartram (1954) Gonçalves 326 (SP)
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria hegewaldii Kuwah.	Peralta 27466 (SP)
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria lechlerii Steph. *	Costa et al. (2005) [37]
	Metzgeriaceae	Metzgeria myriopoda Lindb.	Yano 13561 (SP)
	Noterocladaceae	Noteroclada confluens (Hook.f. & Taylor) Spruce	Peralta 20471 (SP)
	Pallaviciniaceae	Jensenia spinosa (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Grolle	Gonçalves 400 (SP)
	Pallaviciniaceae	Pallavicinia lyelii (Hook.) S.F.Gray	Gonçalves 186 (SP)
	Pallaviciniaceae	Symphyogyna brasiliensis (Nees) Nees & Mont.	Peralta 27750 (SP)
	Pallaviciniaceae	Symphyogyna podophylla (Thunb.) Mont. & Nees	Silva, AL 502
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila amicta Steph. *	Heinrichs (2002) [38]
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila bicuspidata Gottsche	Peralta 10518 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila bifaria (Sw.) Lindenb.	Peralta 27516 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila boryana Gottsche ex Steph.	Peralta 27749 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila corrugata (Nees) Nees & Mont.	Peralta 20376 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila crispabilis Lindenb.	Peralta 20511 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila cristata (Sw.) Lindenb.	Schafer-Verwimp 7401 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila deflexirama Taylor	Peralta 27721 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila exigua (Taylor) Taylor	Peralta 20468 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila flabelliflora Steph.	Gonçalves 334 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila gymnocalycina (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Lindenb.	Dias 1397 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila loriloba Herzog ex Carl	Perlata 27519 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila macrotachya Lindenb.	Peralta 27700 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila martiana (Nees) Lindenb.	Peralta 20385 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila montagnei Nees & Mont. *	Heinrichs & Gradstein (2000) [39]
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila pseudoradicans Herzog *	Ph. v. Lützelburg 6029b (type JE)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila punctata (Taylor) Taylor	Lima 783 p.p. (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila rutilans Lindenb. *	Heinrichs (2002) [38]
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila simplex (Sw.) Lindenb.	Peralta 27780 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila subbidentata Taylor	Peralta 27586 (SP)
	Plagiochilaceae	Plagiochila superba d’Orbigny	Peralta 20457 (SP)
	Porellaceae	Porella brasiliensis (Raddi) Schiffn.	Peralta 27724 (SP)
	Porellaceae	Porella reflexa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Trevis.	Yano 13580 (SP)
	Radulaceae	Radula angulata Steph.	Peralta 27697 (SP)
	Radulaceae	Radula javanica Gottsche	Peralta 27527 (SP)
	Radulaceae	Radula ligula Steph.	Peralta 20407 (SP)
	Radulaceae	Radula nudicaulis Steph.	Gonçalves 408 (SP)
	Radulaceae	Radula pallens (Sw.) Nees ex Mont	Lima 759 (SP)
	Radulaceae	Radula recubans Taylor	Gaspar 142 (R)
	Radulaceae	Radula schaefer-verwimpii K.Yamada	Peralta 27489 (SP)
	Radulaceae	Radula stenocalyx Mont.	Peralta 27691 (SP)
	Radulaceae	Radula subinflata Lindenb. & Gottsche	Gonçalves 322 (SP)
	Radulaceae	Radula tectiloba Steph.	Peralta 27507 (SP)
	Radulaceae	Radula voluta Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees	Peralta 20429 (SP)
	Scapaniaceae	Scapania portoricensis Hampe & Gottsche	Peralta 27541 (SP)
	Trichocoleaceae	Trichocolea brevifissa Steph.	Peralta 27503 (SP)
Mosses	Adelotheciaceae	Adelothecium bogotense (Hampe) Mitt.	Peralta 27692 (SP)
	Andreaceae	Andreaea acutifolia Hook.f. & Wilson *	Müller (1845) Gonçalves 401 (SP)
	Andreaceae	Andreaea rupestris Hedw.	Gaspar 137 (R)
	Andreaceae	Andreaea subulata Harv. *	Lützelburg, P. von 7041 (tipo JE of Andreaea hamulata)
	Bartramiaceae	Bartramia mathewsii Mitt.	Peralta 27606 (SP)
	Bartramiaceae	Breutelia grandis (Hampe) Paris	Peralta 27559 (SP)
	Bartramiaceae	Breutelia tomentosa (Sw. ex Brid.) A.Jaeger	Lima 798 (SP)
	Bartramiaceae	Leiomela bartramioides (Hook.) Paris	Peralta 27500 (SP)
	Bartramiaceae	Leiomela piligera (Hampe) Broth. *	Brotherus (1924) [40]
	Bartramiaceae	Philonotis cernua (Wilson) Griffin & W.R.Buck	Peralta 20426 (SP)
	Bartramiaceae	Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad.	Alkimim-Faria, 1513
	Bartramiaceae	Philonotis uncinata (Schwägr.) Brid. *	Brotherus (1894)
	Brachytheciaceae	Aerolindigia capillacea (Hornsch.) M.Menzel	Peralta 20418 (SP)
	Brachytheciaceae	Meteoridium remotifolium (Müll.Hal.) Manuel	Peralta 27763 (SP)
	Brachytheciaceae	Rhynchostegium scariosum (Taylor) A.Jaeger	Peralta 20419 (SP)
	Brachytheciaceae	Rhynchostegium serrulatum (Hedw.) A.Jaeger	Gonçalves 333 p.p. (SP)
	Brachytheciaceae	Squamidium brasiliense Broth. *	Allen & Crosby (1986) [41]
	Brachytheciaceae	Squamidium leucotrichum (Taylor) Broth.	Peralta 27486 (SP)
	Brachytheciaceae	Zelometeorium ambiguum (Hornsch.) Manuel *	Manuel (1977) [42]
	Brachytheciaceae	Zelometeorium patulum (Hedw.) Manuel	Gonçalves 332 (SP)
	Bruchiaceae	Trematodon longicollis Michx. *	Brotherus (1924b) [43]
	Bryaceae	Anomobryum julaceum (Schrad. ex P.Gaertn. et al.) Schimp.	Peralta 20377 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Brachymenium acuminatum Harv.	Dias 1372 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Brachymenium consimile (Mitt.) A.Jaeger	Peralta 27654 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Brachymenium hornschuchianum Mart. *	Brotherus (1894) [44]
	Bryaceae	Brachymenium radiculosum (Schwägr.) Hampe *	Brotherus (1924b) [43]
	Bryaceae	Brachymenium systilium (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger	Peralta 27673 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Bryum argenteum Hedw.	Vital 1191 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Bryum atenense Williams	Alkimim-Faria 1246 (UB)
	Bryaceae	Bryum billarderii Schwaegr.	Dias 1306a (SP)
	Bryaceae	Bryum capillare Hedw.	Peralta 20465 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Bryum densifolium Brid. *	Bartram (1954, as B. gracilescens)
	Bryaceae	Bryum huillense Welw. & Duby	Peralta 20415 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Bryum limbatum Müll.Hal *	Gonçalves 384 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Bryum pabstianum Müll.Hal. *	Hampe (1879) [45]
	Bryaceae	Bryum subapiculatum Hampe	Peralta 20462 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Rhodobryum aubertii (Schwägr.) Thér.	Peralta 27762 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Rhodobryum beyrichianum (Hornsch.) Müll.Hal.	Peralta 20514 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr.	Peralta 27582 (SP)
	Bryaceae	Rhodobryum subverticillatum Broth. *	Bartram (1952) [46]
	Bryaceae	Schoenobryum concavifolium (Griff.) Gangulee *	Bartram (1954) [19]
	Calymperaceae	Calymperes nicaraguense Renauld & Cardot	Alkimim-Faria 1256
	Calymperaceae	Syrrhopodon gaudichaudii Mont. *	Bartram (1954) [19]
	Calymperaceae	Syrrhopodon helicophyllus Mitt.	Alkimim-Faria, AL 1254
	Calymperaceae	Syrrhopodon ligulatus Mont.	Peralta 27490 (SP)
	Calymperaceae	Syrrhopodon prolifer Schwägr.	Peralta 27473 (SP)
	Catagoniaceae	Catagonium brevicaudatum Müll.Hal. ex Broth.	Peralta 27630 (SP)
	Daltoniaceae	Calyptrochaeta albescens (Hampe) W.R.Buck	Lima 775 (SP)
	Daltoniaceae	Calyptrochaeta setigera (Mitt.) W.R.Buck	Peralta 27702 (SP)
	Daltoniaceae	Daltonia splachnoides (Sm.) Hook. & Taylor	Peralta 27546 (SP)
	Daltoniaceae	Leskeodon aristatus (Geh. & Hampe) Broth.	Peralta 27517 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Aongstroemia julacea (Hook.) Mitt.	Peralta 27550 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Atractylocarpus brasiliensis (Müll.Hal.) R.S.Williams	Peralta 20490 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Atractylocarpus longisetus (Hook.) E.B.Bartram *	Bartram (1954) [19]
	Dicranaceae	Dicranella harrisii Müll.Hal.) Broth.	Schafer-Verwimp 13101 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Dicranella hilariana (Mont.) Mitt. *	Luetzelburg (1923, as D. trematodontifolia) [47]
	Dicranaceae	Dicranella subsulcata (Hampe) Hampe	Schafer-Verwimp 7422 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Dicranodontium pulchroalare Broth. *	Lützelburg 1519 (holótipo JE)
	Dicranaceae	Dicranoloma billardieri (Brid. ex Anon) Paris	Peralta 27597 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Dicranum frigidum Müll.Hal.	Dias 1361 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Holomitrium crispulum Mart.	Peralta 27599 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Leucoloma cruegerianum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger	Peralta 27678 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Leucoloma serrulatum Brid.	Peralta 27701 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Leucoloma triforme (Mitt.) A.Jaeger	Gonçalves 190 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Microcampylopus curvisetus (Hampe) Giese & J.-P.Frahm	Schafer-Verwimp 7422 p.p. (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Paraleucobryum longifolium (Hedw.) Loeske	Dias 1325 (SP)
	Dicranaceae	Pilopogon guadalupensis (Brid.) J.-P.Frahm	Peralta 1558 (SP)
	Diphysciaceae	Diphyscium longifolium Griff.	Peralta 27723 (SP)
	Ditrichaceae	Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.	Dias 1315 (SP)
	Ditrichaceae	Cladastomum robustum Broth.	Lima 485 (SP)
	Ditrichaceae	Cladastomum ulei Müll.Hal.	Peralta 27635 (SP)
	Ditrichaceae	Crumuscus vitalis W.R.Buck & Snider	Lima 791 (SP)
	Ditrichaceae	Ditrichum crinale (Taylor) Kuntze	Lima 801 (SP)
	Ditrichaceae	Ditrichum paulense Geh. ex Hampe	Peralta 27656 (SP)
	Entodontaceae	Entodon hampeanus Müll.Hal.	Peralta 27614 (SP)
	Entodontaceae	Entodon jamesonii (Taylor) Mitt.	Peralta 27580 (SP)
	Entodontaceae	Erythrodontium longisetum (Hook.) Paris *	Vattimo-Gil & Vattimo (1980) [48]
	Entodontaceae	Erythodontium squarrosum (Hampe) Paris *	Brotherus (1924)
	Ephemeraceae	Micromitrium tenerum (Bruch & Schimp.) Crosby	Alkimim-Faria, AL 1379 (UB)
	Fabroniaceae	Dimerodontium pellucidum Schwägr.	Schafer-Verwimp 13113 (SP)
	Fabroniaceae	Fabronia ciliaris (Brid.) Brid.	Gonçalves 182 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens anguste-limbatus Mitt.	Peralta 27665 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens asplenioides Hedw.	Peralta 27709 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens bryoides Hedw.	Lima 787 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens crispus Mont.	Gonçalves 180 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens elegans Brid.	Peralta 27479 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens flabellatus Hornsch. *	Beyrich s.n. (lectótipo BM)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens intromarginatus (Hampe) Mitt. *	Ule 1225 (lectotype H, tipo de F. hemibryoides)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens lagenarius Mitt. *	Bartram (1954)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens oblongifolius Hook.f. & Wilson	Peralta 20464 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens oediloma Müll.Hal. ex Broth.	Peralta 27571 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens pellucidus Hornsch.	Peralta 27538 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens prionodes Mont.	Peralta 27740 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens radicans Mont.	Peralta 27737 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens rigidulus Hook.f. & Wilson	Peralta 27756 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens saprofilus Broth.	Lima 754 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens scariosus Mitt.	Lima 756 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens semicompletus Hedw.	Alkimim-Faria 1228
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens taxifolius Hedw.	Alkimim-Faria 1367
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens wallisii Müll.Hal. ex Broth.	Peralta 27675 (SP)
	Fissidentaceae	Fissidens weirii Mitt.	Peralta 27484 (SP)
	Funariaceae	Entosthodon bonplandii (Hook.) Mitt.	Schaefer-Verwimp 7405 (SP)
	Funariaceae	Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. *	Müller (1845) [49]
	Grimmiaceae	Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid.	Dias 1298 (SP)
	Grimmiaceae	Grimmia longirostris Hook.f. & Wilson	Gaspar 110 (R)
	Grimmiaceae	Racomitrium subsecundum (Hook. & Grev. ex Harv.) Mitt.	Dias 1405 (SP)
	Hedwigiaceae	Hedwigidium rhabdocarpum (Hampe) A.Jaeger	Faria 1547 (SP)
	Hookeriaceae	Hookeria acutifolia Hook. & Grev.	Peralta 27739 (SP)
	Hookeriaceae	Philophyllum tenuifolium (Mitt.) Broth.	Peralta 27581 (SP)
	Hypnaceae	Chrysohypnum diminutivum (Mitt.) Broth.	Peralta 20478 (SP)
	Hypnaceae	Ectropothecium leptochaeton (Schwägr.) W.R.Buck	Peralta 20461 (SP)
	Hypnaceae	Mittenothamnium reduncum (Mitt.) Ochyra	Peralta 27624 (SP)
	Hypnaceae	Mittenothamnium reptans (Hedw.) Cardot	Eiten 7133 (SP)
	Hypnaceae	Taxiphyllum taxirameum (Mitt.) M. Fleisch.	Gonçalves 194 (SP)
	Hypnaceae	Vesicularia vesicularis (Schwägr.) Broth.	Alkimim-Faria, 1364
	Hypopterygiaceae	Hypopterygium tamariscinum (Hedw.) Brid.	Yano 13560 (SP)
	Hypopterygiaceae	Lopidium concinnum (Hook.) Wilson	Peralta 27712 (SP)
	Lembophyllaceae	Orthostichella versicolor (Müll.Hal.) B.H.Allen & W.R.Buck	Peralta 27520 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus aemulans (Hampe) A.Jaeger *	Frahm (1975) [50]
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus arctocarpus (Hornsch.) Mitt.	Peralta 27547 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus cryptopodioides Broth. *	Frahm (1991) [15]
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus cuspidatus (Hornsch.) Mitt. *	Frahm (1975) [50]
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus densicoma (Müll.Hal.) Paris	Gonçalves 409 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus dichrostis (Müll.Hal.) Paris	Gonçalves 330 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus filifolius (Müll.Hal.) Paris	Lima 789 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus fragilis (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp.	Peralta 27610 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus gemmatus (Müll.Hal.) Paris	Vital 7634 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus heterostachys (Hampe) A.Jaeger	Dias 1299 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid.	Alkimim-Faria 1510
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus julicaulis Broth.	Gaspar 104 (R)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus lamellinervis (Müll.Hal.) Mitt.	Müller 1845
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus occultus Mitt.	Frahm sn (SP147028)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus pilifer Brid.	Peralta 27605 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus pyriformis (Schultz) Brid.	Gaspar 114 (R)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus richardii Brid.	Dias 1324 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus savannarum (Müll.Hal.) Mitt.	Gaspar 139 (R)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus subcuspidatus (Hampe) A.Jaeger	Peralta 27641 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus thwaitesii (Mitt.) A.Jaeger	Gonçalves 183 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus trachyblepharon (Müll.Hal.) Mitt.	Paula sn (SP463831)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus uleanus (Müll.Hal.) Broth.	Dias 1384 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Campylopus widgrenii (Müll.Hal.) Mitt.	Vital 1189 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Leucobryum albicans (Schwägr.) Lindb.	Peralta 27522 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Leucobryum clavatum Hampe *	Luetzelburg 1923 [47]
	Leucobryaceae	Leucobryum crispum Müll.Hal.	Dias 1235 (SP)
	Leucobryaceae	Leucobryum giganteum Müll.Hal. *	Herzog (1926) [51]
	Leucobryaceae	Leucobryum sordidum Ångström *	Luetzelburg (1923) [47]
	Leucobryaceae	Ochrobryum gardneri (Müll.Hal.) Lindb.	Alkimim-Faria 1364 (UB)
	Leucobryaceae	Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. *	Bartram (1954) [19]
	Leucomiaceae	Leucomium strumosum (Hornsch.) Mitt.	Peralta 27769 (SP)
	Meteoriaceae	Meteorium deppei (Hornsch.) Mitt.	Peralta 27573 (SP)
	Meteoriaceae	Meteorium nigrescens (Hedw.) Dozy & Molk. *	Brotherus (1924)
	Meteoriaceae	Meteorium pseudoteres W.R.Buck	Peralta 27668 (SP)
	Meteoriaceae	Pilotrichella flexilis (Hedw.) Ångström	Peralta 20491 (SP)
	Meteoriaceae	Toloxis imponderosa (Taylor) W.R.Buck	Peralta 20517 (SP)
	Mniaceae	Epipterygium immarginatum Mitt.	Peralta 20432 (SP)
	Mniaceae	Plagiomnium rhynchophorum (Hook.) T.J.Kop.	Peralta 20411 p.p. (SP)
	Mniaceae	Pohlia camptotrachela (Renauld & Cardot) Broth.	Peralta 20433 (SP)
	Mniaceae	Pohlia elongata Hedw.	Lima 790 (SP)
	Mniaceae	Pohlia papilosa (Müll.Hal. ex A.Jaeger) Broth.	Faria 1554 (SP)
	Mniaceae	Pohlia tenuifolia (A.Jaeger) Broth.	Peralta 27579 (SP)
	Mniaceae	Schizymenium campylocarpum (Arn. & Hook.) A.J.Shaw	Lima 761 (SP)
	Mniaceae	Schizymenium pusillum (Hook.f. & Wilson) A.J.Shaw	Dias 1382 (SP)
	Neckeraceae	Homalia glabella (Hedw.) Schimp.	Gonçalves 310 (SP)
	Neckeraceae	Homaliodendron flabellatum (Sm.) M.Fleisch.	Peralta 27569 (SP)
	Neckeraceae	Neckera ehrenbergii Müll.Hal.	Peralta 27588 (SP)
	Neckeraceae	Porotrichum korthalsianum (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt.	Dias 1420 (SP)
	Neckeraceae	Porotrichum leucocaulon Müll.Hal.	Peralta 27674 (SP)
	Neckeraceae	Porotrichum longirostre (Hook.) Mitt.	Peralta 20387 p.p. (SP)
	Neckeraceae	Porotrichum superbum (Taylor) Hampe	Peralta 27585 (SP)
	Neckeraceae	Porotrichum thieleanum (Müll.Hal.) Mitt.	Peralta 20383 (SP)
	Neckeraceae	Thamnobryum fasciculatum (Hedw.) I.Sastre	Peralta 27703 (SP)
	Orthotrichaceae	Macrocoma orthotrichoides (Raddi) Wijk & Margad.	Schafer-Verwimp 7449 (SP)
	Orthotrichaceae	Macromitrium catharinense Paris *	Li et al. (2019) [52]
	Orthotrichaceae	Macromitrium cirrosum (Hedw.) Brid. *	Bartram (1954)
	Orthotrichaceae	Macromitrium microstomum (Hook. & Grev.) Schwägr.	Gonçalves 395 (SP)
	Orthotrichaceae	Orthotrichum papillosum (Hampe) Lesquereux & James	Alkimim-Faria, 1236
	Orthotrichaceae	Schlotheimia appressifolia Mitt.	Atwood 2007
	Orthotrichaceae	Schlotheimia capillaris Hampe	Peralta 20376 p.p. (SP)
	Orthotrichaceae	Schlotheimia rugifolia (Hook.) Schwägr.	Lima 753 (SP)
	Orthotrichaceae	Schlotheimia tecta Hook.f. & Wilson	Gonzatti 4003 (SP)
	Orthotrichaceae	Zygodon reiwardtii (Hornsch.) A.Braun	Peralta 27629 (SP)
	Phylogoniaceae	Phyllogonium viride Brid.	Gonçalves 320 (SP)
	Pilotrichaceae	Callicostella martiana (Hornsch.) A.Jaeger	Gonçalves 197 (SP)
	Pilotrichaceae	Callicostella pallida (Hornsch.) Ångström	Peralta 27689 (SP)
	Pilotrichaceae	Cyclodictyon albicans (Hedw.) Kuntze	Peralta 27587 (SP)
	Pilotrichaceae	Cyclodictyon marginatum (Hook. & Wilson) Kuntze	Schafer-Verwimp 13124 (SP)
	Pilotrichaceae	Cyclodictyon varians (Sull.) Kuntze	Peralta 27619 (SP)
	Pilotrichaceae	Lepidopilidium brevisetum (Hampe) Broth.	Silva, AL 481A (UB)
	Pilotrichaceae	Lepidopilidium nitens (Hornsch.) Broth.	Peralta 27764 (SP)
	Daltoniaceae	Lepidopilum affine Müll.Hal. ex Broth.	Alkimim-Faria, 1360 (UB)
	Pilotrichaceae	Lepidopilum muelleri (Hampe) Mitt.	Peralta 20409 (SP)
	Pilotrichaceae	Lepidopilum scabrisetum (Schwägr.) Steere	Peralta 27666 (SP)
	Pilotrichaceae	Lepidopilum subsubulatum Geh. & Hampe	Peralta 27521 (SP)
	Pilotrichaceae	Thamniopsis incurva (Hornsch.) W.R.Buck	Yano 13564 (SP)
	Pilotrichaceae	Thamniopsis langsdorffii (Hook.) W.R.Buck	Gonçalves 307 (SP)
	Pilotrichaceae	Trachyxiphium guadalupense (Brid.) W.R.Buck	Peralta 27497 p.p. (SP)
	Plagiotheciaceae	Plagiothecium novogranatense (Hampe) Mitt.	Peralta 27570 (SP)
	Polytrichaceae	Atrichum androgynum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger	Gonçalves 195 (SP)
	Polytrichaceae	Itatiella ulei (Broth. ex Müll.Hal.) G.L.Sm.	Peralta 27634 (SP)
	Polytrichaceae	Oligotrichum riedelianum Mitt.	Peralta 27594 (SP)
	Polytrichaceae	Pogonatum campylocarpum (Müll.Hal.) Mitt.	Peralta 20439 (SP)
	Polytrichaceae	Pogonatum pensilvanicum (E.B.Bartram ex Hedw.) P.Beauv.	Paula, J.C. sn (SP463829)
	Polytrichaceae	Pogonatum perichaetiale (Mont.) A.Jaeger	Alkimim-Faria 1236 (UB)
	Polytrichaceae	Polytrichadelphus pseudopolytrichum (Raddi) G.L.Sm.	Eiten 7156 (SP)
	Polytrichaceae	Polytrichum angustifolium Mitt.	Peralta 20378 (SP)
	Polytrichaceae	Polytrichum commune L. ex Hedw.	Goeldi sn (SP219763)
	Polytrichaceae	Polytrichum juniperinum Willd. ex Hedw.	Faria 1562 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng.	Peralta 27774 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Chionoloma angustatum (Mitt.) M.Menzel	Peralta 27677 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Chionoloma fractum M.J.Cano, J.A.Jiménez & M.Alonso	Peralta 27589 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A.Jaeger	Silva, AL 499 (UB)
	Pottiaceae	Hyophiladelphus agrarius (Hedw.) R.H.Zander *	Bartram (1954)
	Pottiaceae	Leptodontium araucarieti (Müll.Hal.) Paris	Gonçalves 413 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Leptodontium filicicola Herzog	Peralta 27669 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Leptodontium flexifolium (Dicks.) Hampe	Dias 1276 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Leptodontium pungens (Mitt.) Kindb.	Dias 1377 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Leptodontium stellatifolium (Hampe) Broth.	Peralta 27595 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Leptodontium viticulosoides (P.Beauv.) Wijk & Margad.	Peralta 27607 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Leptodontium wallisii (Müll.Hal.) Kindb.	Gonçalves 364 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Streptopogon calymperes Müll.Hal.	Peralta 27450 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Tortella humilis (Hedw.) Jenn.	Peralta 20417 (SP)
	Pottiaceae	Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr.	Lima 806 (SP)
	Priodontaceae	Prionodon densus (Hedw.) Müll.Hal.	Yano 13579 (SP)
	Pterobryaceae	Orthostichopsis tortipilis (Müll.Hal.) Broth.	Peralta 27515 (SP)
	Ptychomitriaceae	Ptychomitrium sellowianum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger	Yano 12555 (SP)
	Pylaisiadelphaceae	Isopterygium tenerifolium Mitt.	Peralta 20516 (SP)
	Pylaisiadelphaceae	Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt.	Eiten 7100
	Racopilaceae	Racopilum tomentosum (Hedw.) Brid.	Alkimim-Faria 1402 (UB)
	Rhacocarpaceae	Rhacocarpus inermis (Müll.Hal.) Lindb.	Vital 1192 (SP)
	Rhacocarpaceae	Rhacocarpus purpurascens (Brid.) Müll.Hal.	Peralta 27643 (SP)
	Rhizogoniaceae	Pyrrhobryum spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt.	Gonçalves 314 (SP)
	Rhizogoniaceae	Rhizogonium novae-hollandiae (Brid.) Brid.	Schaefer-Verwimp 13122 (SP)
	Rigodiaceae	Rigodium toxarion (Schwägr.) A.Jaeger.	Peralta 27537 (SP)
	Seligeriaceae	Brachydontium notorogenes W.R.Buck & Schaf.-Verw.	Peralta 20441 (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Aptychella proligera (Broth.) Herzog	Peralta 27650 (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Aptychopsis pungifolia (Hampe) Broth.	Gonçalves 200 (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Aptychopsis pyrrhophylla (Müll.Hal.) Wijk & Margad.	Peralta 27485 (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Brittonodoxa subpinnata (Brid.) W.R.Buck, P.E.A.S.Câmara & Carv.-Silva *	Müller (1845)
	Sematophyllaceae	Donnellia commutata (Müll.Hal.) W.R.Buck	Alkimim-Faria 1342 (UB)
	Sematophyllaceae	Donnellia lagenifera (Müll.Hal.) W.R.Buck	Gonzatti 4005 (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Microcalpe subsimplex (Hedw.) W.R.Buck *	Müller (1845)
	Sematophyllaceae	Kuerschneria laevigata (Herzog) Ochyra & Bedn.-Ochyra *	Ochyra & Bednarek Ochyra (2010) [53]
	Sematophyllaceae	Sematophyllum beyrichii (Hornsch.) Broth.	Gonçalves 331 (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Sematophyllum cuspidiferum Mitt.	Peralta 20495 (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Sematophyllum decumbens Mitt.	Peralta 27494 (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Sematophyllum galipense (Müll.Hal.) Mitt.	Peralta 27748 (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Sematophyllum lithophilum (Hornsch.) Ångström *	Buck (1998) [54]
	Sematophyllaceae	Sematophyllum subdepressum (A.Jaeger) Broth. *	Brotherus (1924)
	Sematophyllaceae	Sematophyllum subpinnatum (Brid.) E.Britton	Peralta 27743 (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Trichosteleum glaziovii (Hampe) W.R.Buck	Peralta 27514 (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Trichosteleum sentosum (Sull.) A.Jaeger	Peralta 27497 p.p. (SP)
	Sematophyllaceae	Vitalia cuspidifera (Mitt.) P.E.A.S.Câmara, Carv.-Silva & W.R.Buck	Sampaio, A.J. 2380
	Sematophyllaceae	Vitalia galipensis (Müll.Hal.) P.E.A.S.Câmara, Carv.-Silva & W.R.Buck	Lima 768 p.p. (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum aciphyllum Müll.Hal	Peralta 27592 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum brasiliense Warnst.	Santos & Costa 759, 760 (RB)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum brevirameum Hampe	Gonçalves 167 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw.	Gonçalves 170 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum costae H.A.Crum & D.P.Costa	Peralta 20494 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. *	Luetzelburg (1923, as S. serratum) Gonçalves 369 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum divisum H.A.Crum	Gonçalves 419 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum exquisitum H.A.Crum	Lima 822 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum geraisense H.A.Crum	Gonçalves 421 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum gracilescens Hampe ex. Müll.Hal.	Peralta 27651 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum luetzelburgii H.K.G.Paul ex H.A.Crum	Costa 4173 (RB)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum longicomosum Müll.Hal. ex Warnst.	Gonçalves 335 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum longistolo Müll.Hal.	Peralta 27553 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum magellanicum Brid.	Lima 824 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum palustre L. *	Andrews (1941) [55]
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum perforatum Warnst.	Costa et al. 5017 (RB)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum perichaetiale Hampe	Peralta 27652 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum platyphylloides Warnst.	Gonçalves 415 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum pseudoramulinum H.A.Crum	Lima 817 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum ramulinum Warnst.	Lima 815 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum recurvum P.Beauv.	Peralta 27560 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum sanguinale Warnst.	Gonçalves 168 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum sehnemii H.A.Crum	Luetzelburg 6162 (F, HBR as Sphagnum densum)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum subsecundum Nees	Gonçalves 353 (SP)
	Sphagnaceae	Sphagnum sucrei H.A.Crum	Peralta 27598 (SP)
	Stereophyllaceae	Entodontopsis leucostega (Brid.) W.R.Buck & Ireland	Alkimim-Faria 1456 (UB)
	Stereophyllaceae	Entodontopsis nitens (Mitt.) W.R.Buck & Ireland	Alkimim-Faria 1263 (UB)
	Stereophyllaceae	Eulacophyllum cultelliforme (Sull.) W.R.Buck & Ireland *	Costa et al. (2005) [37]
	Thuidiaceae	Thuidium pseudoprotensum (Müll.Hal.) Mitt.	Peralta 27616 (SP)
	Thuidiaceae	Thuidium recognitum (Hedwig) Lindberg	Lima 797 (SP)
	Thuidiaceae	Thuidium tamariscinum (Hedw.) Schimp.	Gonçalves 359 (SP)
	Thuidiaceae	Thuidium tomentosum Schimp.	Peralta 20510 (SP)
	Thuidiaceae	Pelekium involvens (Hedw.) A. Touw	Lima 751 (SP)
	Thuidiaceae	Pelekium minutulum (Hedw.) A.Touw	Lima 746 (SP)
	Thuidiaceae	Pelekium muricatulum (Hampe) A.Touw	Alkimim-Faria 1376 (UB)
	Thuidiaceae	Pelekium scabrosulum (Mitt.) A.Touw	Alkimim-Faria 1388 (UB)
Hornworts	Anthocerotaceae	Anthoceros hispidus Steph.	Yano 13588 (SP)
	Anthocerotaceae	Anthoceros punctatus L. *	Hooker & Wilson (1844) [56]
	Dendrocerotaceae	Dendroceros crispatus (Hook.) Nees	Peralta 27459 (SP)
	Dendrocerotaceae	Dendroceros crispus (Sw.) Nees *	Gottsche et al. (1844)
	Dendrocerotaceae	Nothoceros minarum (Nees) J.C.Villarreal	Gonçalves 178 SP)
	Dendrocerotaceae	Nothoceros vincentianus (Lehm. & Lindenb.) J.C. Villareal	Peralta 27705 (SP)
	Notothyladaceae	Phaeoceros bulbiculosus (Broth.) Prosk.	Peralta 20452 (SP)
	Nothotyladaceae	Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk.	Peralta 27542 (SP)

Table 2. List of endemic bryophyte species found in PARNASO. (EB = endemic to Brazil; ERJ = endemic to Rio de Janeiro State; and CS = conservation status category.

Group	Táxon	EB	ERJ	CS
Liverworts	Cheilolejeunea grosseoleosa C.J.Bastos & Schäf.-Verw.	X
	Cololejeunea diaphana A.Evans	X
	Cololejeunea papilliloba (Steph). Steph.	X
	Colura itatyana Steph.	X	X
	Frullania schaefer-verwimpii Yuzawa & Hatt.	X
	Frullania vitalii Yuzawa & Hatt.	X
	Fuscocephaloziopsis crassifolia (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Váňa & L. Söderstr.	X
	Gongylanthus liebmannianus (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph.			EN
	Haplolejeunea umbrosa Gradst. & Ilkiu-Borges	X
	Harpalejeunea schiffneri S.W. Arnell	X
	Harpalejeunea subacuta A.Evans	X
	Lejeunea beyrichiana (Steph) Gradst. & C.J.Bastos	X	X
	Lejeunea longidentata C.J.Bastos, Gradst., S. Vilas Bôas-Bastos & Schäf.-Verw.	X
	Lejeunea oligoclada Spruce	X
	Leptoscyphus spectabilis (Steph.) Grolle	X
	Metzgeria brasiliensis Schiffn.	X
	Metzgeria convoluta Steph.	X
	Metzgeria cratoneura Schiffn.	X
	Metzgeria hegewaldii Kuwah.		X	EN
	Microlejeunea squarrosa J. Heinrichs, A. Schäfer-Verwimp, Pócs & S.S. Dong	X
	Micropterygium pterygophyllum (Nees)	X
	Neesioscyphus carneus (Nees) Grolle	X
	Paracromastigum dusenii (Steph.) R.M.Schust.		X	EN
	Plagiochila amicta Steph.	X
	Plagiochila boryana Gottsche ex Steph.			EN
	Saccogynidium caldense (Ångstr.) Grolle	X
	Southbya organensis Herzog		X	CR
	Syzygiella uleana Steph.	X
	Vitalianthus bischlerianus (Porto & Grolle) R.M.Schust. & Giancotti	X
Mosses	Atractylocarpus brasiliensis (Müll.Hal.) R.S.Williams	X		EN
	Atractylocarpus longisetus (Hook.) E.B.Bartram			EN
	Brachydontium notorogenes W.R.Buck & Schaf.-Verw.	X	X	CR
	Brachymenium hornschuchianum Mart.	X
	Breutelia grandis (Hampe) Paris	X
	Callicostella martiana (Hornsch.) A.Jaeger	X
	Calyptrochaeta albescens (Hampe) W.R.Buck	X
	Campylopus densicoma (Müll.Hal.) Paris			EN
	Campylopus dichrostis (Müll.Hal.) Paris	X
	Campylopus gemmatus (Müll.Hal.) Paris	X
	Campylopus julicaulis Broth.	X
	Campylopus thwaitesii (Mitt.) A.Jaeger	X
	Campylopus uleanus (Müll.Hal.) Broth.	X
	Campylopus widgrenii (Müll.Hal.) Mitt.	X
	Cladastomum robustum Broth.	X
	Cladastomum ulei Müll.Hal.	X
	Crumuscus vitalis W.R.Buck	X
	Cyclodictyon marginatum (Hook. & Wilson) Kuntze	X
	Daltonia splachnoides (Sm.) Hook. & Taylor	X
	Dicranodontium pulchroalare Broth.	X	X
	Dimerodontium pellucidum Schwägr.	X
	Ditrichum paulense Geh. ex Hampe	X
	Itatiella ulei (Broth. ex Müll.Hal.) G.L.Sm.	X
	Leiomela piligera (Hampe) Broth.	X
	Lepidopilidium brevisetum (Hampe) Broth.	X
	Lepidopilum scabrisetum (Schwägr.) Steere	X
	Leptodontium stellatifolium (Hampe) Broth.	X
	Leptodontium wallisii (Müll.Hal.) Kindb.			VU
	Leskeodon aristatus (Geh. & Hampe) Broth.	X
	Leucobryum clavatum Hampe	X
	Leucoloma triforme (Mitt.) A.Jaeger	X
	Microcalpe subsimplex (Hedw.) W.R.Buck	X
	Polytrichum angustifolium Mitt.	X
	Rhacocarpus inermis (Müll.Hal.) Lindb.	X
	Sphagnum brasiliense Warnst.	X
	Sphagnum costae H.A.Crum & D.P.Costa	X
	Sphagnum divisum H.A.Crum	X
	Sphagnum exquisitum H.A.Crum	X
	Sphagnum geraisense H.A.Crum	X
	Sphagnum gracilescens Hampe	X
	Sphagnum longicomosum Müll.Hal. ex Warnst.	X
	Sphagnum luetzelburgii H.K.G.Paul ex H.A.Crum	X	X
	Sphagnum perforatum Warnst.	X		VU
	Sphagnum pseudoramulinum H.A.Crum	X
	Sphagnum ramulinum Warnst.	X
	Sphagnum sehnemii H.A.Crum	X
	Sphagnum sucrei H.A.Crum	X
	Trichosteleum glaziovii (Hampe) W.R.Buck	X

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de Lima, J.S.; Faria, A.L.A.; Gonçalves, M.T.A.; Peralta, D.F. Bryophytes of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park: Endemism and Conservation in the Atlantic Forest. Plants 2025, 14, 2419. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152419

AMA Style

de Lima JS, Faria ALA, Gonçalves MTA, Peralta DF. Bryophytes of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park: Endemism and Conservation in the Atlantic Forest. Plants. 2025; 14(15):2419. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152419

Chicago/Turabian Style

de Lima, Jéssica Soares, Allan Laid Alkimim Faria, Mateus Tomás Anselmo Gonçalves, and Denilson Fernandes Peralta. 2025. "Bryophytes of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park: Endemism and Conservation in the Atlantic Forest" Plants 14, no. 15: 2419. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152419

APA Style

de Lima, J. S., Faria, A. L. A., Gonçalves, M. T. A., & Peralta, D. F. (2025). Bryophytes of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park: Endemism and Conservation in the Atlantic Forest. Plants, 14(15), 2419. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152419

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Bryophytes of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park: Endemism and Conservation in the Atlantic Forest

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Results

2.1. Species Richness and Floristic Composition

2.2. Substrate Preferences

2.3. Endemism and Conservation Status

3. Discussion

4. Materials and Methods

4.1. Study Area

4.2. Studied Taxa

5. Conclusions

Author Contributions

Funding

Data Availability Statement

Acknowledgments

Conflicts of Interest

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