Plants

Research

Jump to: Other

23 pages, 5531 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing the Distribution of Potentially Toxic Elements in Bryophytes in Relation to Surface Soil Contamination in the Veles Region, North Macedonia

by Trajče Stafilov, Katerina Bačeva Andonovska, Robert Šajn and Marija Jeftimova

Plants 2025, 14(5), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14050783 - 4 Mar 2025

Viewed by 533

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between bryophyte (mosses) diversity and environmental factors in the Veles region, North Macedonia, focusing on the spatial distribution of chemical elements in the moss and surface soil samples collected from the same locations. Eighteen moss samples were analyzed [...] Read more.

This study explores the relationship between bryophyte (mosses) diversity and environmental factors in the Veles region, North Macedonia, focusing on the spatial distribution of chemical elements in the moss and surface soil samples collected from the same locations. Eighteen moss samples were analyzed alongside surface soils. Advanced spectrometric techniques were used to identify potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and their links to anthropogenic and natural sources. While metal measurements are widely reported in the literature, the novelty of this study lies in its integrative approach, combining moss biodiversity analysis with a direct comparison of element concentrations in both moss and soil. The results show significant patterns of deposition of PTEs and highlight the long-term impact of industrial activities on biodiversity and air pollution. These findings provide valuable insights into conservation strategies and environmental management in the midst of ongoing ecological change. Five groups of elements were separated using factor analysis: G1 (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni and V); G2 (Ba and Na); G3 (K, P and Mo), G4 (Pb and Zn), and G5 (Ag, As and Cd), of which two groups (G1 and G2) were found to be typical geochemical associations, while G4 and G5 are anthropogenic associations due to the emission of dust from contaminated soils and the slag heap of the Pb-Zn smelting plant. Group 3 represents a mixed geochemical and anthropogenic association. It was found that Pb, Zn, Cd, and As could indeed be detected in the moss in the study area, underlining its ability to detect pollutants in the air. A comparative analysis of moss and soil samples revealed significant differences in element concentrations, with most elements being more concentrated in soil. These results underline the role of moss as a bioindicator of atmospheric deposition, detecting pollution trends rather than direct soil contamination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Bryophytes)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

41 pages, 40810 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bryophyte Flora of AlUla County (Saudi Arabia)—Distribution, Ecology, and Conservation

by Vincent Hugonnot, Florine Pépin and Jan Freedman

Plants 2025, 14(2), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14020170 - 9 Jan 2025

Viewed by 1148

Abstract

Intensive surveys recently conducted in AlUla County (northwest Saudi Arabia) have made it possible to compile an exhaustive list of the forty-eight bryophyte species (six liverworts and forty-two mosses) known in this region and compare it with an updated checklist of bryophytes from [...] Read more.

Intensive surveys recently conducted in AlUla County (northwest Saudi Arabia) have made it possible to compile an exhaustive list of the forty-eight bryophyte species (six liverworts and forty-two mosses) known in this region and compare it with an updated checklist of bryophytes from Saudi Arabia, which now counts 31 liverworts and 135 mosses. The ecology, taxonomy, and distribution of each taxon are provided and discussed in a systematic catalog. Although particularly arid and lacking permanent watercourses, AlUla County has proven to be surprisingly rich in bryophytes. Some remarkable species are even confined here, such as Riella affinis, Acaulon triquetrum, Microbryum rectum, and Syntrichia rigescens. Two endemic species were also observed. An updated checklist of Arabian bryophyte endemics is provided. Specific recommendations regarding the conservation of bryophyte heritage are outlined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Bryophytes)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 7575 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling the Distribution of the Rare and Red-Listed Halophytic Moss Species Entosthodon hungaricus Under Various Climate Change Scenarios in Serbia

by Isyaku Abubakar, Jovana P. Pantović, Jasmina B. Šinžar-Sekulić and Marko S. Sabovljević

Plants 2024, 13(23), 3347; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13233347 - 28 Nov 2024

Viewed by 859

Abstract

Entosthodon hungaricus is a rare moss species of the salty grasslands in Serbia. It is threatened with extinction due to habitat destruction and loss, although it reproduces sexually. In this study, we tested different models predicting its distribution under several climate scenarios over [...] Read more.

Entosthodon hungaricus is a rare moss species of the salty grasslands in Serbia. It is threatened with extinction due to habitat destruction and loss, although it reproduces sexually. In this study, we tested different models predicting its distribution under several climate scenarios over the next 8 decades. All models tested indicated a reduction in range to varying extents. Due to the specific substrate type as well as the predicted loss owing to the climate change, shifting is not an option for the survival of this species; and, therefore, it deserves special attention for its conservation and management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Bryophytes)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3992 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Bryo-Ecological Study of Habitat 3170*: Sites of Particular Phytogeographic Interest in the Mediterranean Area

by Silvia Poponessi, Daniela Gigante and Annalena Cogoni

Plants 2024, 13(15), 2113; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13152113 - 30 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1040

Abstract

In accordance with the 92/43/EEC “Habitats” Directive, Mediterranean temporary ponds are identified as a priority natural habitat within the European context. They are a very interesting and unique habitat type, as ecological conditions can vary greatly in a short period of time. Due [...] Read more.

In accordance with the 92/43/EEC “Habitats” Directive, Mediterranean temporary ponds are identified as a priority natural habitat within the European context. They are a very interesting and unique habitat type, as ecological conditions can vary greatly in a short period of time. Due to their small size, many Mediterranean hydrophytic bryophytes typical of this habitat are often overlooked or misinterpreted. Their distribution, habitats, ecology, and strategies are generally poorly understood. Several of them are currently considered rare or endangered in the Mediterranean. As these ponds are particularly sensitive to human activities and natural changes, such bryophytes and associated vegetation communities may be at risk. This study is focused on their floristic variability in different environmental conditions in two sites of particular phytogeographic interest in the Mediterranean area. In the Sardinian Pauli of Giara, 56 taxa (50 Bryophyta and 6 Marchantiophyta) were found, and in the Umbria Piana di Ferretto, 54 taxa (34 Bryophyta and 20 Marchantiophyta) were documented. The taxa from the two areas were analysed and compared. Life strategies, life macroforms, light and moisture preferences, chorological elements, and moisture belts were considered. The data are presented here together with information on the phytogeography and ecology of the species recorded. The findings indicate that a bespoke monitoring strategy and dedicated conservation measures are essential for the effective protection of bryophytes, ensuring the achievement of meaningful and sustainable conservation outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Bryophytes)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 3620 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anthracene-Induced Alterations in Liverwort Architecture In Vitro: Potential for Bioindication of Environmental Pollution

by Maya Svriz, Cristian D. Torres, Lucas Mongiat, Elisabet Aranda, Nahuel Spinedi, Sebastian Fracchia and José Martín Scervino

Plants 2024, 13(15), 2060; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13152060 - 26 Jul 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 992

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread globally, primarily due to long-term anthropogenic pollution sources. Since PAHs tend to accumulate in soil sediments, liverwort plants, such as Lunularia cruciata, are susceptible to their adverse effects, making them good models for bioindicators. The aim [...] Read more.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread globally, primarily due to long-term anthropogenic pollution sources. Since PAHs tend to accumulate in soil sediments, liverwort plants, such as Lunularia cruciata, are susceptible to their adverse effects, making them good models for bioindicators. The aim of this study was to probe the impact of anthracene, a three-ring linear PAH, on the growth parameters of L. cruciata and the relationship established with the internalization of the pollutant throughout the phenology of the plant. Intrinsic plant responses, isolated from external factors, were assessed in vitro. L. cruciata absorbed anthracene from the culture medium, and its bioaccumulation was monitored throughout the entire process, from the gemma germination stage to the development of the adult plant, over a total period of 60 days. Consequently, plants exposed to concentrations higher than 50 μM anthracene, decreased the growth area of the thallus, the biomass and number of tips. Moreover, anthracene also impinged on plant symmetry. This concentration represented the maximum limit of bioaccumulation in the tissues. This study provides the first evidence that architectural variables in liverwort plants are suitable parameters for their use as bioindicators of PAHs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Bryophytes)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2223 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predicting the Threat Status of Mosses Using Functional Traits

by Sinan Gürlek, Ana Claudia Araújo and Neil Brummitt

Plants 2024, 13(15), 2019; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13152019 - 23 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1332

Abstract

Mosses are an early lineage of the plant kingdom, with around 13,000 species. Although an important part of biodiversity, providing crucial ecosystem services, many species are threatened with extinction. However, only circa 300 species have so far had their extinction risk evaluated globally [...] Read more.

Mosses are an early lineage of the plant kingdom, with around 13,000 species. Although an important part of biodiversity, providing crucial ecosystem services, many species are threatened with extinction. However, only circa 300 species have so far had their extinction risk evaluated globally for the IUCN Red List. Functional traits are known to help predict the extinction risk of species in other plant groups. In this study, a matrix of 15 functional traits was produced for 723 moss species from around the world to evaluate the potential of such predictability. Binary generalized linear models showed that monoicous species were more likely to be threatened than dioicous species, and the presence of a sporophyte (sexual reproduction), vegetative reproduction and an erect (straight) capsule instead of a pendent (immersed) one lowers the risk of species extinction. A longer capsule, seta and stem length, as well as broader substrate breadth, are indicative of species with a lower risk of extinction. The best-performing models fitted with few traits were able to predict extinction risks of species with good accuracy. These models applied to Data Deficient (DD) species proved how useful they may be to speed up the IUCN Red List assessment process while reducing the number of listed DD species, by selecting species most in need of a full, detailed assessment. Some traits tested in this study are a novelty in conservation research on mosses, opening new possibilities for future studies. The traits studied and the models presented here are a significant contribution to the knowledge of mosses at risk of extinction and will help to improve conservation efforts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Bryophytes)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 980 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lineages of Fractal Genera Comprise the 88-Million-Year Steel Evolutionary Spine of the Ecosphere

by Richard H. Zander

Plants 2024, 13(11), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13111559 - 5 Jun 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1103

Abstract

Fractal evolution is apparently effective in selectively preserving environmentally resilient traits for more than 80 million years in Streptotrichaceae (Bryophyta). An analysis simulated maximum destruction of ancestral traits in that large lineage. The constraints enforced were the preservation of newest ancestral traits, and [...] Read more.

Fractal evolution is apparently effective in selectively preserving environmentally resilient traits for more than 80 million years in Streptotrichaceae (Bryophyta). An analysis simulated maximum destruction of ancestral traits in that large lineage. The constraints enforced were the preservation of newest ancestral traits, and all immediate descendant species obtained different new traits. Maximum character state changes in ancestral traits were 16 percent of all possible traits in any one sub-lineage, or 73 percent total of the entire lineage. Results showed, however, that only four ancestral traits were permanently eliminated in any one lineage or sub-lineage. A lineage maintains maximum biodiversity of temporally and regionally survival-effective traits at minimum expense to resilience across a geologic time of 88 million years for the group studied. Similar processes generating an extant punctuated equilibrium as bursts of about four descendants per genus and one genus per 1–2 epochs are possible in other living groups given similar emergent processes. The mechanism is considered complexity-related, the lineage being a self-organized emergent phenomenon strongly maintained in the ecosphere by natural selection on fractal genera. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Bryophytes)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research

11 pages, 6240 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Bryophytes as Indicators of Disturbance in One of the Last Remnants of the Mountain Forests of El Oro Province, Ecuador

by Ángel Benítez, Richard Nagua, Jefferson Medina, Gregorio Lapo, Erika Yangua-Solano and Rolando Andrade-Hidalgo

Plants 2025, 14(2), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14020184 - 11 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 809

Abstract

Epiphytic bryophytes are an important component in terms of the diversity and functioning of montane forests known as biodiversity hotspots. Bryophytes are highly dependent on their external environments because they are sensitive to environmental changes related to disturbance, fragmentation, air pollution, and climate [...] Read more.

Epiphytic bryophytes are an important component in terms of the diversity and functioning of montane forests known as biodiversity hotspots. Bryophytes are highly dependent on their external environments because they are sensitive to environmental changes related to disturbance, fragmentation, air pollution, and climate change. The richness and composition of bryophytes in remnants of primary and secondary forests were analyzed, where the richness and cover were recorded on trunk bases of 120 trees. Changes in species richness and diversity were analyzed using generalized linear models (GLMs), and changes in species composition, using multivariate analysis. A total of 57 bryophyte species (36 liverworts and 21 mosses) were recorded in trunk bases. For the first time, 19 new liverworts for the province of El Oro are reported. The richness and diversity of bryophyte species decrease in disturbed forests when compared to primary forests, with a marked decrease in species less adapted to conditions of high light (shade epiphytes). In the same line, species composition is different in each type of forest, where bryophytes with high humidity requirements were abundant in primary forests. This study confirms that forest disturbance is a key factor in determining not only the number of species but also the composition of bryophyte species. The maximum tree diameter and primary forest remnants are important factors in the conservation of sensitive bryophyte species at the base of trees in one of the last remnants of mountain forests in El Oro Province, Ecuador. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Bryophytes)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Diversity, Distribution and Conservation of Bryophytes

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (8 papers)

Research

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI