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Volume 9
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Article

A General Model for the Design of Efficient Sign-Coding Tools for Wavelet-Based Encoders

by
Otoniel Mario López-Granado
1,*,
Miguel Onofre Martínez-Rach
1,
Antonio Martí-Campoy
2,
Marco Antonio Cruz-Chávez
3 and
Manuel Pérez Malumbres
1
1
Department of Computer Engineering, Miguel Hernandez University, Avda. Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain
2
Instituto de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones ITACA, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
3
UAEM-Engineering and Applied Science Research Center, 62209 Cuernavaca, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2020, 9(11), 1899; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111899
Submission received: 23 September 2020 / Revised: 6 November 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 / Published: 12 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Techniques for Image and Video Coding)
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Abstract

Traditionally, it has been assumed that the compression of the sign of wavelet coefficients is not worth the effort because they form a zero-mean process. However, several image encoders such as JPEG 2000 include sign-coding capabilities. In this paper, we analyze the convenience of including sign-coding techniques into wavelet-based image encoders and propose a methodology that allows the design of sign-prediction tools for whatever kind of wavelet-based encoder. The proposed methodology is based on the use of metaheuristic algorithms to find the best sign prediction with the most appropriate context distribution that maximizes the resulting sign-compression rate of a particular wavelet encoder. Following our proposal, we have designed and implemented a sign-coding module for the LTW wavelet encoder, to evaluate the benefits of the sign-coding tool provided by our proposed methodology. The experimental results show that sign compression can save up to 18.91% of bit-rate when enabling sign-coding capabilities. Also, we have observed two general behaviors when coding the sign of wavelet coefficients: (a) the best results are provided from moderate to high compression rates; and (b) the sign redundancy may be better exploited when working with high-textured images.
Keywords: iterated local search; sign coding; image coding; wavelet transform iterated local search; sign coding; image coding; wavelet transform

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MDPI and ACS Style

López-Granado, O.M.; Martínez-Rach, M.O.; Martí-Campoy, A.; Cruz-Chávez, M.A.; Malumbres, M.P. A General Model for the Design of Efficient Sign-Coding Tools for Wavelet-Based Encoders. Electronics 2020, 9, 1899. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111899

AMA Style

López-Granado OM, Martínez-Rach MO, Martí-Campoy A, Cruz-Chávez MA, Malumbres MP. A General Model for the Design of Efficient Sign-Coding Tools for Wavelet-Based Encoders. Electronics. 2020; 9(11):1899. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111899

Chicago/Turabian Style

López-Granado, Otoniel Mario, Miguel Onofre Martínez-Rach, Antonio Martí-Campoy, Marco Antonio Cruz-Chávez, and Manuel Pérez Malumbres. 2020. "A General Model for the Design of Efficient Sign-Coding Tools for Wavelet-Based Encoders" Electronics 9, no. 11: 1899. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111899

APA Style

López-Granado, O. M., Martínez-Rach, M. O., Martí-Campoy, A., Cruz-Chávez, M. A., & Malumbres, M. P. (2020). A General Model for the Design of Efficient Sign-Coding Tools for Wavelet-Based Encoders. Electronics, 9(11), 1899. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111899

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