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Electronics
Volume 15
Issue 13
10.3390/electronics15132808
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Joint Optimization Method for Radio Antenna Arrays Under Tri-Domain Errors and Atmospheric Effects Based on Improved Dueling DQN

by
Xiaotian Wang
1,
Liang Dong
2,3,
Xuebao Li
4,
Yanfang Zheng
4,*,
Hongwei Ye
4,
Shunhang Zhang
4,
Yongshang Lv
4 and
Honglei Jin
4
1
School of Automation, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
2
Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650216, China
3
Yunnan Sino-Malaysian International Joint Laboratory of HF-VHF Advanced Radio Astronomy Technology, Kunming 650216, China
4
School of Computer Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2026, 15(13), 2808; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15132808 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 6 April 2026 / Revised: 10 June 2026 / Accepted: 15 June 2026 / Published: 25 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Array Signal Processing: Methods and Applications)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

This paper presents a co-optimization framework for sparse concentric ring arrays based on an improved Dueling Deep Q-Network (DDQN) with a two-tier adaptive step-size strategy. The method aims at joint sidelobe suppression and structural optimization under non-ideal conditions. A tri-domain stochastic error model is introduced to characterize position, phase, and amplitude perturbations, and atmospheric-effect-aware evaluation is incorporated for high-frequency propagation scenarios. For a six-ring sparse array, radius-only optimization achieves a PSLL of −24.4810 dB, corresponding to an average improvement of 5.809 dB over the initial array and an additional reduction compared with the baseline DDQN method. Extending the design to joint optimization of ring radii and element counts further reduces the PSLL to −30.629 dB, demonstrating the effectiveness of combined geometric and sparsity control. Monte Carlo simulations show that the optimized array maintains stable sidelobe performance under tri-domain stochastic perturbations, with an average PSLL of −26.758 dB. Further analysis using real meteorological data indicates that atmospheric effects introduce moderate variations in the normalized beam pattern, while the overall performance remains primarily influenced by stochastic perturbations under the considered modeling conditions. The proposed framework provides an effective and robust optimization approach for sparse concentric ring arrays in practical high-frequency scenarios.
Keywords: sparse concentric ring array; Dueling Deep Q-Network; tri-domain stochastic perturbations; atmospheric effects sparse concentric ring array; Dueling Deep Q-Network; tri-domain stochastic perturbations; atmospheric effects

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, X.; Dong, L.; Li, X.; Zheng, Y.; Ye, H.; Zhang, S.; Lv, Y.; Jin, H. A Joint Optimization Method for Radio Antenna Arrays Under Tri-Domain Errors and Atmospheric Effects Based on Improved Dueling DQN. Electronics 2026, 15, 2808. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15132808

AMA Style

Wang X, Dong L, Li X, Zheng Y, Ye H, Zhang S, Lv Y, Jin H. A Joint Optimization Method for Radio Antenna Arrays Under Tri-Domain Errors and Atmospheric Effects Based on Improved Dueling DQN. Electronics. 2026; 15(13):2808. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15132808

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Xiaotian, Liang Dong, Xuebao Li, Yanfang Zheng, Hongwei Ye, Shunhang Zhang, Yongshang Lv, and Honglei Jin. 2026. "A Joint Optimization Method for Radio Antenna Arrays Under Tri-Domain Errors and Atmospheric Effects Based on Improved Dueling DQN" Electronics 15, no. 13: 2808. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15132808

APA Style

Wang, X., Dong, L., Li, X., Zheng, Y., Ye, H., Zhang, S., Lv, Y., & Jin, H. (2026). A Joint Optimization Method for Radio Antenna Arrays Under Tri-Domain Errors and Atmospheric Effects Based on Improved Dueling DQN. Electronics, 15(13), 2808. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics15132808

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