Elevated Serum Interleukin-8 Level Correlates with Cancer-Related Cachexia and Sarcopenia: An Indicator for Pancreatic Cancer Outcomes
by
Ya-Chin Hou 1,2, Chih-Jung Wang 1,3
, Ying-Jui Chao 1,3, Hao-Yun Chen 1, Hao-Chen Wang 1,2, Hui-Ling Tung 3, Jung-Ting Lin 4 and Yan-Shen Shan 1,2,3,*
Ya-Chin Hou 1,2, Chih-Jung Wang 1,3, Ying-Jui Chao 1,3, Hao-Yun Chen 1, Hao-Chen Wang 1,2, Hui-Ling Tung 3, Jung-Ting Lin 4 and Yan-Shen Shan 1,2,3,*
1
Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
2
Department of Clinical Medical Research, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
3
Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
4
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7(12), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm7120502
Received: 5 November 2018 / Revised: 20 November 2018 / Accepted: 28 November 2018 / Published: 1 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Standards and New Innovative Approaches for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer)
Cancer cachexia (CC), characterized by body weight loss and sarcopenia, contributes to over 20% of all cancer-related death. Approximately 80% of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients develop CC during disease progression. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, have been correlated with CC; however, its prognostic significance remains unclear. In this study, serum levels of the CC-related cytokines were determined in normal donors and PC patients. IL-8 expression was assessed in PC tissue microarrays. The correlation of levels of each cytokine with disease progression, weight loss, and sarcopenia was calculated. The relationships among the baseline variables, CC, and IL-8 expression with disease progression were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Of these mentioned cytokines, only serum IL-8 level was elevated in the locally advanced group (n = 55) compared with the normal (n = 17) and resected groups (n = 55). Serum IL-8 level was positively correlated with CC status, weight loss, sarcopenia, but was negatively correlated with total psoas area (TPA). IL-8 expression in tissue samples was also positively associated with weight loss. Furthermore, serum IL-8 level was an independent predictor of survival. In conclusion, elevated serum IL-8 level significantly correlates with CC and sarcopenia and can be used as a prognostic indicator in PC.
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Keywords:
pancreatic cancer; cancer cachexia; sarcopenia; interleukin (IL)-1β; IL-6; IL-8; tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α
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MDPI and ACS Style
Hou, Y.-C.; Wang, C.-J.; Chao, Y.-J.; Chen, H.-Y.; Wang, H.-C.; Tung, H.-L.; Lin, J.-T.; Shan, Y.-S. Elevated Serum Interleukin-8 Level Correlates with Cancer-Related Cachexia and Sarcopenia: An Indicator for Pancreatic Cancer Outcomes. J. Clin. Med. 2018, 7, 502.
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