Correction: Dawson et al. A Multi-Country Comparison of Number Needed to Vaccinate for PCV20 and PCV15 in Infants. Vaccines 2026, 14, 188
1
Pfizer Inc., Tadworth KT20 7NS, UK
2
Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
3
Cytel, Inc., London WC1H 9BB, UK
4
Pfizer Inc., 2909 LD Capelle a/d Ijssel, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2026, 14(5), 404; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14050404
Submission received: 13 April 2026
/
Accepted: 14 April 2026
/
Published: 30 April 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Vaccines and Public Health)
The authors would like to make the following corrections to this published paper [1].
A calculation error was discovered in the calculations of the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the United States when comparing PCV20 to PCV13. As a result, the NNV estimates for hospitalizations and deaths were revised, leading to updated US-specific results throughout the analysis. The revised tables now reflect these corrected values, and the overall scientific conclusions of the study remain unchanged.
In Table 2 as published, in the US analysis, NNV for hospitalization (PCV20 vs. PCV13) should be 94, not 87; for death, 2488 instead of 2046. In the Americas median, the IQR for hospitalization is (94–192), not (87–192). The median and IQR for deaths is 2269 (not 2053) and 2053–2488 (not 2046–2269). The corrected section in Table 2 appears below.
In Table 3 as published, in the US analysis, the ratio of NNV for hospitalizations should be 2.2 instead of 2.3 and the ratio of NNV for deaths should be 2.1 instead of 2.5. The corrected section in Table 3 appears below.
In Table 4 as published, in the US analysis, the NNV for hospitalization and death in Scenario 1 should be 96.0 and 2498.3 instead of 88.8 and 2051.8, respectively. In the US analysis, the NNV for hospitalization and death in Scenario 2 (a,b) should be (75.2–124.7) and (1989.8–3317.1) instead of (71.1–113.6) and (1702.1–2563.7), respectively. In the US analysis, the NNV for hospitalization and death in Scenario 3 should be 95.2 and 2496.6 instead of 88.4 and 2053.6, respectively. In the US analysis, the NNV for hospitalization and death in Scenario 4 should be 116.4 and 2966.5 instead of 112.5 and 2702.7, respectively. The corrected Table 4 appears below.
In Table 6 as published, in the US analysis, the NNV for hospitalizations was incorrectly reported as 88 (82–94) and should have been 94 (88–101), and the NNV for deaths was incorrectly reported as 2051 (1883–2234) and should have been 2488 (2291–2727). The corrected Table 6 appears below.
In Table S1 as published at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/vaccines14020188/s1, in the US analysis, the NNV for a case of IPD in PCV20 vs PCV13 should be 854 instead of 503. The corrected Table S1 appears below.
Table S1.
Event-specific NNVs by country, PCV20 vs. PCV13 and PCV15 vs PCV13.
| Comparison 1: PCV20 vs PCV13 | Comparison 2: PCV15 vs PCV13 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | IPD | Inpatient Pneumonia | Outpatient Pneumonia | Otitis Media | IPD | Inpatient Pneumonia | Outpatient Pneumonia | Otitis Media |
| Canada | 508 | 28 | 59 | 16 | 1027 | 53 | 102 | 30 |
| Mexico | 13,023 | 467 | 198 | 117 | 124,907 | 3777 | 3554 | 4514 |
| US | 854 | 106 | 25 | 9 | 1805 | 229 | 56 | 17 |
| Argentina | 1077 | 233 | 1262 | 56 | 6133 | 1228 | 8071 | 317 |
| Chile | 6248 | 198 | 2655 | 191 | 24,569 | 812 | 8928 | 600 |
| Belgium | 278 | 70 | 184 | 1397 | 1583 | 298 | 743 | 4683 |
| France | 773 | 32 | 176 | 4387 | 161 | 922 | ||
| Germany | 584 | 19 | 21 | 19 | 2178 | 67 | 97 | 114 |
| Greece | 515 | 35 | 41 | 3 | 2200 | 136 | 190 | 16 |
| Italy | 2009 | 45 | 25 | 11,553 | 242 | 189 | ||
| Portugal | 735 | 23 | 7 | 5963 | 100 | 78 | ||
| Romania | 923 | 21 | 43 | 52 | 3405 | 123 | 3059 | 2590 |
| Slovakia | 2482 | 32 | 170 | 1370 | 7516 | 98 | 509 | 4160 |
| Spain | 623 | 59 | 171 | 4 | 4612 | 577 | 532 | 21 |
| Sweden | 377 | 53 | 181 | 28 | 1342 | 176 | 463 | 61 |
| Japan | 1205 | 53 | 10 | 22 | 6541 | 274 | 51 | 104 |
| Malaysia | 1878 | 75 | 173 | 57 | 8638 | 271 | 531 | |
| Singapore | 3101 | 29 | 57 | 88 | 19,763 | 209 | 26,711 | |
| South Korea | 7074 | 13 | 3 | 14 | 31,260 | 64 | 14 | 143 |
| Taiwan | 15,178 | 28 | 56 | 45 | 280,548 | 480 | 14,821 | |
| Australia | 741 | 49 | 242 | 11 | 1504 | 90 | 439 | 20 |
Note: France, Portugal, and Italy publications do not model outpatient NBP. Malaysia, Taiwan and Singapore do not produce NNVs for outpatient NBP in PCV15/13 comparison due to lack of serotype differential in children.
The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
Reference
- Dawson, E.; Tort, M.J.; Ta, A.; Rozenbaum, M.H. A Multi-Country Comparison of Number Needed to Vaccinate for PCV20 and PCV15 in Infants. Vaccines 2026, 14, 188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Table 2.
Number needed to vaccinate to prevent one outcome, for each country and region included for PCV13 vs. PCV20 and PCV13 vs. PCV15.
Table 2.
Number needed to vaccinate to prevent one outcome, for each country and region included for PCV13 vs. PCV20 and PCV13 vs. PCV15.
| Case: PCV13 vs. | Hospitalization: PCV13 vs. | Death: PCV13 vs. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | PCV20 | PCV15 | PCV20 | PCV15 | PCV20 | PCV15 |
| Argentina | 42 | 235 | 191 | 1023 | 2269 | 10,581 |
| Canada | 8 | 16 | 26 | 51 | 398 | 747 |
| Chile | 92 | 328 | 192 | 786 | 2053 | 8781 |
| Mexico | 63 | 1289 | 451 | 3666 | 6327 | 34,587 |
| US | 6 | 12 | 94 | 203 | 2488 | 5128 |
| Americas median (IQR) | 42 (8–63) | 235 (16–328) | 191 (94–192) | 786 (203–1023) | 2269 (2053–2488) | 8781 (5128–10,581) |
| Belgium | 42 | 180 | 56 | 251 | 1592 | 8609 |
| France | 26 | 133 | 30 | 155 | 260 | 1307 |
| Germany | 7 | 29 | 18 | 65 | 138 | 458 |
| Greece | 3 | 13 | 33 | 128 | 636 | 2203 |
| Italy | 16 | 105 | 44 | 237 | 834 | 4162 |
| Portugal | 5 | 44 | 22 | 98 | 139 | 579 |
| Romania | 11 | 109 | 21 | 118 | 443 | 1573 |
| Slovakia | 26 | 80 | 32 | 97 | 576 | 1729 |
| Spain | 4 | 19 | 53 | 513 | 1054 | 41,593 |
| Sweden | 16 | 40 | 46 | 156 | 332 | 1144 |
| Europe median (IQR) | 13 (5–23) | 62 (32–108) | 33 (24–46) | 142 (103–217) | 509 (278–784) | 1651 (1185–3672) |
| Australia | 8 | 15 | 46 | 85 | 568 | 1018 |
| Japan | 6 | 30 | 50 | 263 | 789 | 4351 |
| Malaysia | 27 | 173 | 72 | 262 | 286 | 1149 |
| Singapore | 16 | 205 | 28 | 207 | 459 | 2941 |
| South Korea | 2 | 11 | 13 | 64 | 411 | 1654 |
| Taiwan | 13 | 465 | 28 | 480 | 397 | 5957 |
| Asia-Pacific median (IQR) | 11 (7–15) | 102 (19–205) | 37 (28–49) | 235 (115–263) | 435 (401–541) | 2297 (1275–3998) |
| Overall median (IQR) | 13 (6–26) | 80 (19–181) | 44 (28–56) | 203 (98–263) | 568 (397–1054) | 2203 (1149–5957) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; PCV13, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV15, 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV20, 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; US, United States.
Table 3.
Ratio of NNV for PCV15 vs. PCV20 by country and outcome, with overall median and IQR.
| Country | Case | Hospitalization | Death |
|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.7 |
| Canada | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| Chile | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.3 |
| Mexico | 20.4 | 8.1 | 5.5 |
| US | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
| America’s median | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.3 |
| Belgium | 4.3 | 4.5 | 5.4 |
| France | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 |
| Germany | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.3 |
| Greece | 4.7 | 3.9 | 3.5 |
| Italy | 6.6 | 5.4 | 5.0 |
| Portugal | 8.6 | 4.4 | 4.2 |
| Romania | 9.9 | 5.7 | 3.6 |
| Slovakia | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Spain | 4.8 | 9.6 | 39.5 |
| Sweden | 2.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
| Europe median | 4.7 | 4.5 | 3.9 |
| Australia | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| Japan | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.5 |
| Malaysia | 6.4 | 3.7 | 4.0 |
| Singapore | 13.1 | 7.3 | 6.4 |
| South Korea | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.0 |
| Taiwan | 35.3 | 17.3 | 15.0 |
| Asia-Pacific median | 5.8 | 5.2 | 4.8 |
| Overall median (IQR) | 5.1 (3.5–6.7) | 4.5 (3.6–5.4) | 4.2 (3.4–5.4) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NNV, number needed to vaccinate; PCV15, 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV20, 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Note: NNV ratios are derived from an indirect comparison of PCV20 vs. PCV13 and PCV15 vs. PCV13.
Table 4.
Scenario analysis of PCV20 NNV to prevent each outcome by country.
| PCV20 | Scenario 1 | Scenario 2 (a,b) | Scenario 3 | Scenario 4 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Case | Hospitalization | Death | Case | Hospitalization | Death | Case | Hospitalization | Death | Case | Hospitalization | Death |
| Australia | 8.8 | 46.7 | 568.7 | 6.8–11.3 | 36.9–61.4 | 454.5–757.8 | 8.5 | 46.4 | 568.4 | 10.6 | 59.6 | 756.1 |
| Japan | 6.1 | 51.8 | 789.3 | 4.7–7.9 | 40.3–67.1 | 631.1–1052.1 | 6.0 | 50.5 | 789.1 | 7.5 | 62.8 | 1050.3 |
| US | 6.2 | 96.0 | 2498.3 | 4.8–7.9 | 75.2–124.7 | 1989.8–3317.1 | 6.1 | 95.2 | 2496.6 | 7.3 | 116.4 | 2966.5 |
| Canada | 8.7 | 26.5 | 398.6 | 6.8–11.3 | 21.2–35.3 | 318.7–531.4 | 8.5 | 26.5 | 398.6 | 10.8 | 35.0 | 530.9 |
| Italy | 15.9 | 43.9 | 834.5 | 12.7–21.1 | 35.1–57.6 | 667.3–1109.9 | 15.9 | 43.8 | 834.3 | 21.0 | 57.5 | 1109.7 |
| Germany | 6.6 | 18.3 | 138.2 | 5.3–8.4 | 14.6–24.0 | 110.8–184.8 | 6.5 | 18.2 | 138.2 | 8.3 | 23.7 | 184.2 |
Scenario 1: Vaccine effectiveness reduced by 20%, Scenario 2a: Serotype coverage increased by 25%, Scenario 2b: Serotype coverage decreased by 25%, Scenario 3: Duration of protection reduced to 10 years, Scenario 4: Herd effects reduced by 25%.
Table 6.
Probabilistic central estimates for mean NNV (95% confidence interval) to prevent each outcome by country based on 1000 runs (PCV13 vs. PCV20 and PCV13 vs. PCV15).
Table 6.
Probabilistic central estimates for mean NNV (95% confidence interval) to prevent each outcome by country based on 1000 runs (PCV13 vs. PCV20 and PCV13 vs. PCV15).
| Cases: PCV13 vs. | Hospitalizations: PCV13 vs. | Deaths: PCV13 vs. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | PCV20 | PCV15 | PCV20 | PCV15 | PCV20 | PCV15 |
| Argentina | 42 (39–45) | 236 (221–251) | 192 (178–206) | 1026 (942–1114) | 2279 (2074–2513) | 10,617 (9482–11,831) |
| Canada | 8 (8–9) | 16 (15–17) | 27 (13–31) | 51 (43–59) | 401 (338–470) | 752 (631–882) |
| Chile | 93 (87–98) | 328 (309–349) | 192 (177–208) | 789 (727–853) | 2060 (1847–2271) | 8825 (7895–9768) |
| Mexico | 63 (58–69) | 1291 (1184–1413) | 452 (423–483) | 3675 (3316–4073) | 6347 (5658–7051) | 34,740 (30,274–39,629) |
| US | 6 (6–6) | 12 (12–13) | 94 (88–101) | 203 (190–217) | 2488 (2291–2727) | 5141 (4701–5626) |
| America’s median | 42 (6–96) | 235 (12–1359) | 187 (24–469) | 788 (46–3912) | 2112 (363–6758) | 8790 (679–37,714) |
| Belgium | 42 (39–45) | 181 (167–194) | 56 (52–61) | 252 (229–276) | 1595 (1451–1746) | 8632 (7763–9591) |
| France | 26 (23–29) | 133 (119–151) | 30 (27–34) | 156 (136–180) | 262 (225–304) | 1316 (1124–1557) |
| Germany | 7 (6–7) | 29 (27–31) | 18 (16–21) | 66 (57–75) | 139 (119–162) | 463 (393–541) |
| Greece | 3 (3–3) | 13 (12–15) | 33 (30–37) | 128 (114–143) | 636 (552–723) | 2219 (1909–2541) |
| Italy | 16 (15–17) | 105 (96–115) | 44 (38–51) | 238 (201–280) | 840 (714–983) | 4182 (3480–4973) |
| Portugal | 5 (5–6) | 44 (40–49) | 22 (19–26) | 100 (84–120) | 141 (118–170) | 586 (488–715) |
| Romania | 11 (11–12) | 110 (97–124) | 21 (19–23) | 119 (104–136) | 445 (395–499) | 1581 (1390–1807) |
| Slovakia | 27 (24–29) | 80 (71–89) | 32 (28–36) | 97 (85–110) | 581 (491–677) | 1743 (1474–2034) |
| Spain | 4 (4–5) | 19 (18–21) | 54 (49–59) | 513 (476–552) | 1063 (911–1238) | 41,608 (38,452–45,085) |
| Sweden | 16 (15–17) | 40 (38–43) | 46 (41–52) | 157 (139–175) | 332 (286–383) | 1152 (996–1321) |
| Europe Median | 13 (3–43) | 59 (13–185) | 33 (17–58) | 140 (63–524) | 497 (126–1645) | 1647 (436–42,697) |
| Australia | 8 (8–9) | 16 (14–17) | 46 (41–53) | 85 (75–97) | 573 (488–676) | 1024 (874–1204) |
| Japan | 6 (6–6) | 30 (29–32) | 50 (47–55) | 263 (243–284) | 795 (676–935) | 4369 (3712–5084) |
| Malaysia | 27 (26–28) | 173 (171–192) | 72 (67–77) | 263 (244–282) | 287 (268–307) | 1150 (1072–1230) |
| Singapore | 16 (14–17) | 205 (183–253) | 29 (25–33) | 209 (177–247) | 464 (391–555) | 2974 (2495–3575) |
| South Korea | 2 (2–2) | 11 (10–11) | 13 (12–13) | 65 (60–69) | 412 (375–453) | 1660 (1512–1820) |
| Taiwan | 13 (12–14) | 465 (415–570) | 28 (24–32) | 482 (407–569) | 399 (339–467) | 5989 (5037–7088) |
| Asia-Pacific Median | 11 (2–28) | 96 (10–510) | 37 (12–74) | 242 (62–525) | 436 (277–862) | 2154 (930–6531) |
| Global Median | 13 (2–92) | 80 (12–1285) | 42 (13–451) | 197 (51–3657) | 544 (132–6321) | 2205 (463–41,490) |
Abbreviations: NNV, number needed to vaccinate; PCV13, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV15, 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV20, 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; US, United States.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Dawson, E.; Tort, M.J.; Ta, A.; Rozenbaum, M.H. Correction: Dawson et al. A Multi-Country Comparison of Number Needed to Vaccinate for PCV20 and PCV15 in Infants. Vaccines 2026, 14, 188. Vaccines 2026, 14, 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14050404
AMA Style
Dawson E, Tort MJ, Ta A, Rozenbaum MH. Correction: Dawson et al. A Multi-Country Comparison of Number Needed to Vaccinate for PCV20 and PCV15 in Infants. Vaccines 2026, 14, 188. Vaccines. 2026; 14(5):404. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14050404
Chicago/Turabian StyleDawson, Euan, Maria J. Tort, An Ta, and Mark H. Rozenbaum. 2026. "Correction: Dawson et al. A Multi-Country Comparison of Number Needed to Vaccinate for PCV20 and PCV15 in Infants. Vaccines 2026, 14, 188" Vaccines 14, no. 5: 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14050404
APA StyleDawson, E., Tort, M. J., Ta, A., & Rozenbaum, M. H. (2026). Correction: Dawson et al. A Multi-Country Comparison of Number Needed to Vaccinate for PCV20 and PCV15 in Infants. Vaccines 2026, 14, 188. Vaccines, 14(5), 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14050404
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