The authors would like to make the following corrections to this published paper [1].
A calculation error was discovered in the calculations of the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in the United States when comparing PCV20 to PCV13. As a result, the NNV estimates for hospitalizations and deaths were revised, leading to updated US-specific results throughout the analysis. The revised tables now reflect these corrected values, and the overall scientific conclusions of the study remain unchanged.
In Table 2 as published, in the US analysis, NNV for hospitalization (PCV20 vs. PCV13) should be 94, not 87; for death, 2488 instead of 2046. In the Americas median, the IQR for hospitalization is (94–192), not (87–192). The median and IQR for deaths is 2269 (not 2053) and 2053–2488 (not 2046–2269). The corrected section in Table 2 appears below.
Table 2.
Number needed to vaccinate to prevent one outcome, for each country and region included for PCV13 vs. PCV20 and PCV13 vs. PCV15.
In Table 3 as published, in the US analysis, the ratio of NNV for hospitalizations should be 2.2 instead of 2.3 and the ratio of NNV for deaths should be 2.1 instead of 2.5. The corrected section in Table 3 appears below.
Table 3.
Ratio of NNV for PCV15 vs. PCV20 by country and outcome, with overall median and IQR.
In Table 4 as published, in the US analysis, the NNV for hospitalization and death in Scenario 1 should be 96.0 and 2498.3 instead of 88.8 and 2051.8, respectively. In the US analysis, the NNV for hospitalization and death in Scenario 2 (a,b) should be (75.2–124.7) and (1989.8–3317.1) instead of (71.1–113.6) and (1702.1–2563.7), respectively. In the US analysis, the NNV for hospitalization and death in Scenario 3 should be 95.2 and 2496.6 instead of 88.4 and 2053.6, respectively. In the US analysis, the NNV for hospitalization and death in Scenario 4 should be 116.4 and 2966.5 instead of 112.5 and 2702.7, respectively. The corrected Table 4 appears below.
Table 4.
Scenario analysis of PCV20 NNV to prevent each outcome by country.
In Table 6 as published, in the US analysis, the NNV for hospitalizations was incorrectly reported as 88 (82–94) and should have been 94 (88–101), and the NNV for deaths was incorrectly reported as 2051 (1883–2234) and should have been 2488 (2291–2727). The corrected Table 6 appears below.
Table 6.
Probabilistic central estimates for mean NNV (95% confidence interval) to prevent each outcome by country based on 1000 runs (PCV13 vs. PCV20 and PCV13 vs. PCV15).
Table S1.
Event-specific NNVs by country, PCV20 vs. PCV13 and PCV15 vs PCV13.
Table S1.
Event-specific NNVs by country, PCV20 vs. PCV13 and PCV15 vs PCV13.
Comparison 1: PCV20 vs PCV13
Comparison 2: PCV15 vs PCV13
Country
IPD
Inpatient Pneumonia
Outpatient Pneumonia
Otitis Media
IPD
Inpatient Pneumonia
Outpatient Pneumonia
Otitis Media
Canada
508
28
59
16
1027
53
102
30
Mexico
13,023
467
198
117
124,907
3777
3554
4514
US
854
106
25
9
1805
229
56
17
Argentina
1077
233
1262
56
6133
1228
8071
317
Chile
6248
198
2655
191
24,569
812
8928
600
Belgium
278
70
184
1397
1583
298
743
4683
France
773
32
176
4387
161
922
Germany
584
19
21
19
2178
67
97
114
Greece
515
35
41
3
2200
136
190
16
Italy
2009
45
25
11,553
242
189
Portugal
735
23
7
5963
100
78
Romania
923
21
43
52
3405
123
3059
2590
Slovakia
2482
32
170
1370
7516
98
509
4160
Spain
623
59
171
4
4612
577
532
21
Sweden
377
53
181
28
1342
176
463
61
Japan
1205
53
10
22
6541
274
51
104
Malaysia
1878
75
173
57
8638
271
531
Singapore
3101
29
57
88
19,763
209
26,711
South Korea
7074
13
3
14
31,260
64
14
143
Taiwan
15,178
28
56
45
280,548
480
14,821
Australia
741
49
242
11
1504
90
439
20
Note: France, Portugal, and Italy publications do not model outpatient NBP. Malaysia, Taiwan and Singapore do not produce NNVs for outpatient NBP in PCV15/13 comparison due to lack of serotype differential in children.
The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
Reference
Dawson, E.; Tort, M.J.; Ta, A.; Rozenbaum, M.H. A Multi-Country Comparison of Number Needed to Vaccinate for PCV20 and PCV15 in Infants. Vaccines2026, 14, 188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit] [PubMed]
Table 2.
Number needed to vaccinate to prevent one outcome, for each country and region included for PCV13 vs. PCV20 and PCV13 vs. PCV15.
Table 2.
Number needed to vaccinate to prevent one outcome, for each country and region included for PCV13 vs. PCV20 and PCV13 vs. PCV15.
Table 3.
Ratio of NNV for PCV15 vs. PCV20 by country and outcome, with overall median and IQR.
Table 3.
Ratio of NNV for PCV15 vs. PCV20 by country and outcome, with overall median and IQR.
Country
Case
Hospitalization
Death
Argentina
5.6
5.3
4.7
Canada
1.9
1.9
1.9
Chile
3.5
4.1
4.3
Mexico
20.4
8.1
5.5
US
2.1
2.2
2.1
America’s median
3.5
4.1
4.3
Belgium
4.3
4.5
5.4
France
5.1
5.1
5.0
Germany
4.5
3.6
3.3
Greece
4.7
3.9
3.5
Italy
6.6
5.4
5.0
Portugal
8.6
4.4
4.2
Romania
9.9
5.7
3.6
Slovakia
3.0
3.0
3.0
Spain
4.8
9.6
39.5
Sweden
2.5
3.4
3.4
Europe median
4.7
4.5
3.9
Australia
1.8
1.8
1.8
Japan
5.1
5.2
5.5
Malaysia
6.4
3.7
4.0
Singapore
13.1
7.3
6.4
South Korea
5.2
5.1
4.0
Taiwan
35.3
17.3
15.0
Asia-Pacific median
5.8
5.2
4.8
Overall median (IQR)
5.1 (3.5–6.7)
4.5 (3.6–5.4)
4.2 (3.4–5.4)
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NNV, number needed to vaccinate; PCV15, 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV20, 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Note: NNV ratios are derived from an indirect comparison of PCV20 vs. PCV13 and PCV15 vs. PCV13.
Table 4.
Scenario analysis of PCV20 NNV to prevent each outcome by country.
Table 4.
Scenario analysis of PCV20 NNV to prevent each outcome by country.
PCV20
Scenario 1
Scenario 2 (a,b)
Scenario 3
Scenario 4
Country
Case
Hospitalization
Death
Case
Hospitalization
Death
Case
Hospitalization
Death
Case
Hospitalization
Death
Australia
8.8
46.7
568.7
6.8–11.3
36.9–61.4
454.5–757.8
8.5
46.4
568.4
10.6
59.6
756.1
Japan
6.1
51.8
789.3
4.7–7.9
40.3–67.1
631.1–1052.1
6.0
50.5
789.1
7.5
62.8
1050.3
US
6.2
96.0
2498.3
4.8–7.9
75.2–124.7
1989.8–3317.1
6.1
95.2
2496.6
7.3
116.4
2966.5
Canada
8.7
26.5
398.6
6.8–11.3
21.2–35.3
318.7–531.4
8.5
26.5
398.6
10.8
35.0
530.9
Italy
15.9
43.9
834.5
12.7–21.1
35.1–57.6
667.3–1109.9
15.9
43.8
834.3
21.0
57.5
1109.7
Germany
6.6
18.3
138.2
5.3–8.4
14.6–24.0
110.8–184.8
6.5
18.2
138.2
8.3
23.7
184.2
Scenario 1: Vaccine effectiveness reduced by 20%, Scenario 2a: Serotype coverage increased by 25%, Scenario 2b: Serotype coverage decreased by 25%, Scenario 3: Duration of protection reduced to 10 years, Scenario 4: Herd effects reduced by 25%.
Table 6.
Probabilistic central estimates for mean NNV (95% confidence interval) to prevent each outcome by country based on 1000 runs (PCV13 vs. PCV20 and PCV13 vs. PCV15).
Table 6.
Probabilistic central estimates for mean NNV (95% confidence interval) to prevent each outcome by country based on 1000 runs (PCV13 vs. PCV20 and PCV13 vs. PCV15).
Cases: PCV13 vs.
Hospitalizations: PCV13 vs.
Deaths: PCV13 vs.
Country
PCV20
PCV15
PCV20
PCV15
PCV20
PCV15
Argentina
42 (39–45)
236 (221–251)
192 (178–206)
1026 (942–1114)
2279 (2074–2513)
10,617 (9482–11,831)
Canada
8 (8–9)
16 (15–17)
27 (13–31)
51 (43–59)
401 (338–470)
752 (631–882)
Chile
93 (87–98)
328 (309–349)
192 (177–208)
789 (727–853)
2060 (1847–2271)
8825 (7895–9768)
Mexico
63 (58–69)
1291 (1184–1413)
452 (423–483)
3675 (3316–4073)
6347 (5658–7051)
34,740 (30,274–39,629)
US
6 (6–6)
12 (12–13)
94 (88–101)
203 (190–217)
2488 (2291–2727)
5141 (4701–5626)
America’s median
42 (6–96)
235 (12–1359)
187 (24–469)
788 (46–3912)
2112 (363–6758)
8790 (679–37,714)
Belgium
42 (39–45)
181 (167–194)
56 (52–61)
252 (229–276)
1595 (1451–1746)
8632 (7763–9591)
France
26 (23–29)
133 (119–151)
30 (27–34)
156 (136–180)
262 (225–304)
1316 (1124–1557)
Germany
7 (6–7)
29 (27–31)
18 (16–21)
66 (57–75)
139 (119–162)
463 (393–541)
Greece
3 (3–3)
13 (12–15)
33 (30–37)
128 (114–143)
636 (552–723)
2219 (1909–2541)
Italy
16 (15–17)
105 (96–115)
44 (38–51)
238 (201–280)
840 (714–983)
4182 (3480–4973)
Portugal
5 (5–6)
44 (40–49)
22 (19–26)
100 (84–120)
141 (118–170)
586 (488–715)
Romania
11 (11–12)
110 (97–124)
21 (19–23)
119 (104–136)
445 (395–499)
1581 (1390–1807)
Slovakia
27 (24–29)
80 (71–89)
32 (28–36)
97 (85–110)
581 (491–677)
1743 (1474–2034)
Spain
4 (4–5)
19 (18–21)
54 (49–59)
513 (476–552)
1063 (911–1238)
41,608 (38,452–45,085)
Sweden
16 (15–17)
40 (38–43)
46 (41–52)
157 (139–175)
332 (286–383)
1152 (996–1321)
Europe Median
13 (3–43)
59 (13–185)
33 (17–58)
140 (63–524)
497 (126–1645)
1647 (436–42,697)
Australia
8 (8–9)
16 (14–17)
46 (41–53)
85 (75–97)
573 (488–676)
1024 (874–1204)
Japan
6 (6–6)
30 (29–32)
50 (47–55)
263 (243–284)
795 (676–935)
4369 (3712–5084)
Malaysia
27 (26–28)
173 (171–192)
72 (67–77)
263 (244–282)
287 (268–307)
1150 (1072–1230)
Singapore
16 (14–17)
205 (183–253)
29 (25–33)
209 (177–247)
464 (391–555)
2974 (2495–3575)
South Korea
2 (2–2)
11 (10–11)
13 (12–13)
65 (60–69)
412 (375–453)
1660 (1512–1820)
Taiwan
13 (12–14)
465 (415–570)
28 (24–32)
482 (407–569)
399 (339–467)
5989 (5037–7088)
Asia-Pacific Median
11 (2–28)
96 (10–510)
37 (12–74)
242 (62–525)
436 (277–862)
2154 (930–6531)
Global Median
13 (2–92)
80 (12–1285)
42 (13–451)
197 (51–3657)
544 (132–6321)
2205 (463–41,490)
Abbreviations: NNV, number needed to vaccinate; PCV13, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV15, 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV20, 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; US, United States.
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
