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Article

Simultaneous Detection of Antigen and Antibodies of African Swine Fever in a Novel Combo Lateral Flow Assay

by
Cristina Aira
1,*,†,
Gabriela González-García
1,†,
Juan Martínez-Cano
1,
Nuria de la Roja
1,
Monica Giammarioli
2,
Francesco Feliziani
2,
Žanete Šteingolde
3,
Jurate Buitkuviene
4,
Petr Václavek
5,
Dimitrije Glišić
6,
Carmina Gallardo
7,
Patricia Sastre
1,
Marga García-Durán
1,
Paloma Rueda
1 and
Alba Fresco-Taboada
1
1
Gold Standard Diagnostics Madrid (GSD Madrid), Calle de los Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
2
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” (IZSUM), Via Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy
3
Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Lejupes Street 3, LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
4
National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, J. Kairiūkščio g. 10, LT-08409 Vilnius, Lithuania
5
Department of Virology, State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Rantirovska 93/20, Horni Kosov, 586 01 Jihlava, Czech Republic
6
Virology Department, Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Janisa Janulisa 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
7
European Union Reference Laboratory for African Swine Fever, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA/CSIC), Carretera Algete-El Casar de Talamanca, Km. 8.1, 28130 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Vaccines 2024, 12(3), 307; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030307
Submission received: 31 January 2024 / Revised: 11 March 2024 / Accepted: 12 March 2024 / Published: 14 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Control of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) Infection)
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Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious disease of wild boar and domestic pigs notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health due to its high socio-economic impact. ASF is caused by the complex ASF virus (ASFV), and it can present different clinical manifestations that can be confused with other diseases; for this reason, laboratory testing is necessary for the proper diagnosis of clinically suspected animals. Despite the efforts put into it over decades, no treatment or safe vaccine is globally available, and disease control is based on early diagnosis and the implementation of strict biosecurity measures. In this context, rapid tests have the potential to accelerate and facilitate the identification of infected animals by giving fast on-site results. In this work, we improved the available point-of-care assays for the diagnosis of the disease by the development of a more specific antigen test and a more sensitive antibody test. This antibody detection test allowed for the earlier detection of infected animals than two commercial indirect ELISAs (statistically significant). Moreover, we developed a combined dual rapid test, unifying, in the same cassette, an antigen detection strip and an antibody detection strip. In this study, we confirmed that this combo approach is a useful tool for implementing rapid tests in the field since it increases the percentage of positive samples detected, even when PCR turns negative, while maintaining a good specificity.
Keywords: African swine fever; antigen detection; antibody detection; rapid test; point of care African swine fever; antigen detection; antibody detection; rapid test; point of care

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Aira, C.; González-García, G.; Martínez-Cano, J.; de la Roja, N.; Giammarioli, M.; Feliziani, F.; Šteingolde, Ž.; Buitkuviene, J.; Václavek, P.; Glišić, D.; et al. Simultaneous Detection of Antigen and Antibodies of African Swine Fever in a Novel Combo Lateral Flow Assay. Vaccines 2024, 12, 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030307

AMA Style

Aira C, González-García G, Martínez-Cano J, de la Roja N, Giammarioli M, Feliziani F, Šteingolde Ž, Buitkuviene J, Václavek P, Glišić D, et al. Simultaneous Detection of Antigen and Antibodies of African Swine Fever in a Novel Combo Lateral Flow Assay. Vaccines. 2024; 12(3):307. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030307

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aira, Cristina, Gabriela González-García, Juan Martínez-Cano, Nuria de la Roja, Monica Giammarioli, Francesco Feliziani, Žanete Šteingolde, Jurate Buitkuviene, Petr Václavek, Dimitrije Glišić, and et al. 2024. "Simultaneous Detection of Antigen and Antibodies of African Swine Fever in a Novel Combo Lateral Flow Assay" Vaccines 12, no. 3: 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030307

APA Style

Aira, C., González-García, G., Martínez-Cano, J., de la Roja, N., Giammarioli, M., Feliziani, F., Šteingolde, Ž., Buitkuviene, J., Václavek, P., Glišić, D., Gallardo, C., Sastre, P., García-Durán, M., Rueda, P., & Fresco-Taboada, A. (2024). Simultaneous Detection of Antigen and Antibodies of African Swine Fever in a Novel Combo Lateral Flow Assay. Vaccines, 12(3), 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12030307

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