Pterostilbene Attenuates Particulate Matter-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Aging in Keratinocytes
1
Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
2
Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
3
Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
4
Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
5
Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
6
School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
7
Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
8
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Stanley Omaye
Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1552; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101552
Received: 1 September 2021
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Revised: 15 September 2021
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Accepted: 26 September 2021
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Published: 29 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Stress and Antioxidant Defences)
Particulate matter (PM) is the main indicator of air pollutants, and it may increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in keratinocytes, leading to skin inflammation, aging, and decreased moisturizing ability. Pterostilbene (PTS) is a dimethylated analog of resveratrol that has antioxidant effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of PTS in preventing PM-induced keratinocyte inflammation and aging have not been investigated yet. Therefore, we used PM-induced human keratinocytes to investigate the protective mechanisms of PTS. The results showed that 20 μM PTS had no toxicity to HaCaT keratinocytes and significantly reduced PM-induced intracellular ROS production. In addition, nuclear translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was inhibited by PTS, leading to reduced expression of its downstream CYP1A1. PTS further inhibited PM-induced MAPKs, inflammation (COX-2), and aging (MMP-9) protein cascades, and rescued moisturizing (AQP-3) protein expression. We analyzed the PTS content in cells at different time points and compared the concentration required for PTS to inhibit the target proteins. Finally, we used the skin penetration assay to show that the PTS essence mainly exists in the epidermal layer and did not enter the system circulation. In conclusion, PTS could protect HaCaT keratinocytes from PM-induced damage and has the potential to become a cosmetic ingredient.
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Keywords:
particulate matter; pterostilbene; reactive oxygen species; keratinocyte; inflammation; aging; skin penetration
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MDPI and ACS Style
Teng, W.-L.; Huang, P.-H.; Wang, H.-C.; Tseng, C.-H.; Yen, F.-L. Pterostilbene Attenuates Particulate Matter-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Aging in Keratinocytes. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1552. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101552
AMA Style
Teng W-L, Huang P-H, Wang H-C, Tseng C-H, Yen F-L. Pterostilbene Attenuates Particulate Matter-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Aging in Keratinocytes. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(10):1552. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101552
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeng, Wei-Lin, Pao-Hsien Huang, Hui-Chun Wang, Chih-Hua Tseng, and Feng-Lin Yen. 2021. "Pterostilbene Attenuates Particulate Matter-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Aging in Keratinocytes" Antioxidants 10, no. 10: 1552. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101552
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