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Volume 15
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10.3390/brainsci15020126
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Article

Differential Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Patients with Schizophrenia Versus Depressive Disorder: Clinical Distinction Between Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy

by
Naho Nakayama
1,
Tatsuo Nakahara
1,
Hideyuki Iwanaga
1,
Manabu Hashimoto
1,
Takako Mitsudo
1,2,
Yoshiomi Imamura
3,
Hiroko Kunitake
3,
Yoshito Mizoguchi
3 and
Takefumi Ueno
1,2,*
1
Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Medical Center, 160 Mitsu, Yoshinogari, Kanzaki 842-0192, Saga, Japan
2
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
3
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(2), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020126
Submission received: 2 December 2024 / Revised: 19 January 2025 / Accepted: 23 January 2025 / Published: 27 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Cognitive, Social and Affective Neuroscience)
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Abstract

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is utilized for treating psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to compare pre- and post-ECT treatment outcomes between patients with SCZ and a combined group of patients with MDD and BD (MDD+BD) to assess the distinction between the antipsychotic and antidepressant effects of ECT. Methods: ECT was administered to patients with SCZ (n = 17) and those with MDD+BD (n = 7). Symptoms were evaluated using the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), clinical global impression scale (CGI), and global assessment of functioning (GAF). Plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were also measured. Results: The BPRS, CGI, and GAF scores significantly differed after ECT compared with those before ECT in each patient group. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups for each disorder. No significant differences were observed in plasma BDNF levels between the groups at baseline and during ECT. At baseline, only depression scores were more favorable in the SCZ group, whereas positive symptoms and disorganization scores were higher in the MDD+BD group. During treatment, positive symptoms, activation, and disorganization items were significantly more favorable in the MDD+BD group compared with the SCZ group. Total BPRS scores were not associated with plasma BDNF levels; however, rating scores of the several items related to activation, resistance, and disorganization were positively correlated with BDNF levels. Conclusion: ECT effects on several clinical outcomes in the MDD+BD group were associated with plasma BDNF levels. These findings suggest that ECT may be more effective for treating MDD than SCZ.
Keywords: brief psychiatric rating scale; electroconvulsive therapy; schizophrenia; major depressive disorder; bipolar disorder; plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor brief psychiatric rating scale; electroconvulsive therapy; schizophrenia; major depressive disorder; bipolar disorder; plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nakayama, N.; Nakahara, T.; Iwanaga, H.; Hashimoto, M.; Mitsudo, T.; Imamura, Y.; Kunitake, H.; Mizoguchi, Y.; Ueno, T. Differential Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Patients with Schizophrenia Versus Depressive Disorder: Clinical Distinction Between Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy. Brain Sci. 2025, 15, 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020126

AMA Style

Nakayama N, Nakahara T, Iwanaga H, Hashimoto M, Mitsudo T, Imamura Y, Kunitake H, Mizoguchi Y, Ueno T. Differential Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Patients with Schizophrenia Versus Depressive Disorder: Clinical Distinction Between Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy. Brain Sciences. 2025; 15(2):126. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020126

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nakayama, Naho, Tatsuo Nakahara, Hideyuki Iwanaga, Manabu Hashimoto, Takako Mitsudo, Yoshiomi Imamura, Hiroko Kunitake, Yoshito Mizoguchi, and Takefumi Ueno. 2025. "Differential Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Patients with Schizophrenia Versus Depressive Disorder: Clinical Distinction Between Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy" Brain Sciences 15, no. 2: 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020126

APA Style

Nakayama, N., Nakahara, T., Iwanaga, H., Hashimoto, M., Mitsudo, T., Imamura, Y., Kunitake, H., Mizoguchi, Y., & Ueno, T. (2025). Differential Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Patients with Schizophrenia Versus Depressive Disorder: Clinical Distinction Between Antipsychotic and Antidepressant Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy. Brain Sciences, 15(2), 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020126

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