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Volume 16
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10.3390/app16178497
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Heat-Transfer Performance of Medium–Low Temperature Molten Salt Phase-Change Heat Exchanger

by
Rui Zhang
1,
Qiangfeng Deng
1,
Guodong Chen
1,
Jiahao Shi
1,
Shichang Yao
1,
Zhaoxuan Shang
1,
Hui Li
2 and
Xiaojun Yang
1,*
1
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
2
Wuhan Sanvani Industry Company, Wuhan 430205, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(17), 8497; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178497
Submission received: 31 May 2026 / Revised: 26 July 2026 / Accepted: 22 August 2026 / Published: 26 August 2026
Versions Notes

Abstract

The charging rate of molten-salt phase-change thermal storage systems is primarily constrained by the low thermal conductivity of phase-change materials. To address this issue, this study numerically investigates a medium–low temperature molten-salt shell-and-tube heat exchanger using the enthalpy–porosity method. The effects of annular fins, fin number, fin thickness, and multi-tube coupling on melting behavior and heat-storage performance were systematically analyzed. Compared with the smooth single-tube configuration, the introduction of annular fins reduced the complete melting time from 1392 s to 1105 s (20.6%). In addition, the melting time of the final 10% decreased by 92 s, indicating reduced thermal resistance in the late stage. Increasing the fin number from four to nine further shortened the melting time by 148 s, although the enhancement diminished due to restricted natural convection. A fin thickness of 2 mm provided optimal performance. When combined with a multi-tube design, the melting time was further reduced to 928 s (33.3%), demonstrating that the integration of distributed tubes and annular fins significantly enhances heat storage performance. These results demonstrate that annular fins and multi-tube coupling effectively enhance heat transfer, improve temperature-field uniformity, and accelerate molten-salt thermal storage.
Keywords: shell-and-tube heat exchanger; phase-change heat storage; molten salt; annular fins; multi-tube coupling; heat-transfer enhancement shell-and-tube heat exchanger; phase-change heat storage; molten salt; annular fins; multi-tube coupling; heat-transfer enhancement

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, R.; Deng, Q.; Chen, G.; Shi, J.; Yao, S.; Shang, Z.; Li, H.; Yang, X. Heat-Transfer Performance of Medium–Low Temperature Molten Salt Phase-Change Heat Exchanger. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 8497. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178497

AMA Style

Zhang R, Deng Q, Chen G, Shi J, Yao S, Shang Z, Li H, Yang X. Heat-Transfer Performance of Medium–Low Temperature Molten Salt Phase-Change Heat Exchanger. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(17):8497. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178497

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Rui, Qiangfeng Deng, Guodong Chen, Jiahao Shi, Shichang Yao, Zhaoxuan Shang, Hui Li, and Xiaojun Yang. 2026. "Heat-Transfer Performance of Medium–Low Temperature Molten Salt Phase-Change Heat Exchanger" Applied Sciences 16, no. 17: 8497. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178497

APA Style

Zhang, R., Deng, Q., Chen, G., Shi, J., Yao, S., Shang, Z., Li, H., & Yang, X. (2026). Heat-Transfer Performance of Medium–Low Temperature Molten Salt Phase-Change Heat Exchanger. Applied Sciences, 16(17), 8497. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16178497

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