Next Article in Journal
Context-Aware Caries Segmentation in Periapical Radiographs Using a Hybrid Multi-Task Learning Framework with Partial Annotations
Previous Article in Journal
Investigation of Liquid Alloys from the Ternary Cu-Mg-Ti System: Calorimetric Study and Thermodynamic Modeling
Previous Article in Special Issue
Dataset for Traffic Accident Analysis in Poland: Integrating Weather Data and Sociodemographic Factors
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

MOOC Learner Profiling Using Relation-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks

1
School of Educational Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210049, China
2
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010263
Submission received: 8 November 2025 / Revised: 22 December 2025 / Accepted: 23 December 2025 / Published: 26 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Artificial Intelligence and Semantic Mining Technology)

Abstract

Research on learner profiling in education primarily focuses on utilizing students’ personal characteristics and behavioral data to depict their learning status and traits. However, existing methods often face challenges such as incomplete data and difficulties in feature extraction, leading to incomplete and less accurate learner profiles. To address information gaps in learner profiles within educational datasets, this study proposes a profile completion technique based on relation-aware heterogeneous graph networks. Using the MOOCCube and MOOCCubeX datasets, we trained a relation-aware heterogeneous graph network model to predict students’ age and gender. The model achieved significant advancements in gender prediction. While age prediction performance remains relatively low—a common challenge in the field due to the subtle and multifaceted nature of age-related behavioral signals—ablation studies confirm the model’s robustness, demonstrating stable gender prediction accuracy even with significant data reduction. This work bridges information gaps in learner profiling within educational datasets, providing crucial support for personalized education and teaching quality improvement. It showcases the potential application of relation-aware heterogeneous graph networks in education and offers new ideas for research utilizing heterogeneous graph networks for learner profiling.
Keywords: learner profile; graph neural networks; heterogeneous information networks; MOOCCubeX learner profile; graph neural networks; heterogeneous information networks; MOOCCubeX

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Jiang, B.; Chen, X.; Li, M.; Shan, Z.; Liu, Y.; Yang, N. MOOC Learner Profiling Using Relation-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010263

AMA Style

Jiang B, Chen X, Li M, Shan Z, Liu Y, Yang N. MOOC Learner Profiling Using Relation-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(1):263. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010263

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiang, Bo, Xi Chen, Mingzheng Li, Zimeng Shan, Yuhan Liu, and Naidi Yang. 2026. "MOOC Learner Profiling Using Relation-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks" Applied Sciences 16, no. 1: 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010263

APA Style

Jiang, B., Chen, X., Li, M., Shan, Z., Liu, Y., & Yang, N. (2026). MOOC Learner Profiling Using Relation-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks. Applied Sciences, 16(1), 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010263

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop