- Communication
The Promises of Speeding Up: Changes in Requirements for Animal Studies and Alternatives during COVID-19 Vaccine Approval–A Case Study
- Merel Ritskes-Hoitinga,
- Yari Barella and
- Tineke Kleinhout-Vliek
On 21 December 2020, the European Commission granted conditional marketing authorisation for the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine ‘Comirnaty’, produced by Pfizer/BioNTech. This happened only twelve months after scientists first identified SARS-C...

