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Article

Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. keratinolyticus subsp. nov., a Novel Feather-Degrading Anaerobic Thermophile

by
Akzhigit Mashzhan
1,2,3,4,5,*,†,
Aida Kistaubayeva
1,3,
Rubén Javier-López
2,
Akerke Bissenbay
1,4 and
Nils-Kåre Birkeland
2,*,†
1
Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
2
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
3
Science Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology Peoblem, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Av. 71, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
4
Almaty Branch of National Center for Biotechnology in Central Reference Laboratory (CRL), Zhahanger St. 14, 050054 Almaty, Kazakhstan
5
Department of Botany, E.A. Buketov Karaganda State University, Universitet St. 28, 100028 Karaganda, Kazakhstan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Microorganisms 2024, 12(7), 1277; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071277
Submission received: 5 June 2024 / Revised: 19 June 2024 / Accepted: 20 June 2024 / Published: 23 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in the Microbial Degradation of Hazardous Organic Contaminants)
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Abstract

Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. keratinolyticus subsp. nov. strain KAk was isolated from a geothermal hot spring located in Kazakhstan. Growth occurred at temperatures ranging from 50 to 80 °C, with approximately 70 °C as optimum. It also thrived in pH conditions ranging from 4.0 to 9.0, with the best growth occurring at 6.8. Under optimal conditions in a glucose-containing medium, the cells were predominantly observed singly, in pairs, or less frequently in chains, and did not form endospores. However, under conditions involving growth with merino wool or feathers, or under suboptimal conditions, the cells of strain KAk exhibited a notably elongated and thinner morphology, with lengths ranging from 5 to 8 µm, and spores were observed. The KAk strain exhibited efficient degradation of feather keratin and merino wool at temperatures ranging from 65 to 70 °C. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed KAk within the genus Caldanaerobacter, family Thermoanaerobacteraceae, with the highest similarity to C. subterraneus subsp. tengcongensis MB4T (98.84% sequence identity). Furthermore, our analysis of the draft genome sequence indicated a genome size of 2.4 Mbp, accompanied by a G+C value of 37.6 mol%. This study elucidated the physiological and genomic characteristics of strain KAk, highlighting its keratinolytic capabilities and distinctiveness compared to other members of the genus Caldanaerobacter.
Keywords: anaerobe; geothermal spring in Kazakhstan; feather degrading; thermophile anaerobe; geothermal spring in Kazakhstan; feather degrading; thermophile

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mashzhan, A.; Kistaubayeva, A.; Javier-López, R.; Bissenbay, A.; Birkeland, N.-K. Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. keratinolyticus subsp. nov., a Novel Feather-Degrading Anaerobic Thermophile. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1277. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071277

AMA Style

Mashzhan A, Kistaubayeva A, Javier-López R, Bissenbay A, Birkeland N-K. Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. keratinolyticus subsp. nov., a Novel Feather-Degrading Anaerobic Thermophile. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(7):1277. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071277

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mashzhan, Akzhigit, Aida Kistaubayeva, Rubén Javier-López, Akerke Bissenbay, and Nils-Kåre Birkeland. 2024. "Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. keratinolyticus subsp. nov., a Novel Feather-Degrading Anaerobic Thermophile" Microorganisms 12, no. 7: 1277. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071277

APA Style

Mashzhan, A., Kistaubayeva, A., Javier-López, R., Bissenbay, A., & Birkeland, N.-K. (2024). Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. keratinolyticus subsp. nov., a Novel Feather-Degrading Anaerobic Thermophile. Microorganisms, 12(7), 1277. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12071277

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