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Sports, Volume 13, Issue 9

September 2025 - 50 articles

Cover Story: Physical activity modulates the skin microbiome of contact sports athletes due to the intense environmental and interpersonal exposures. As a result, their skin homeostasis, immune regulation and protection against pathogens are often disrupted. Sexual dimorphism and sport-specific differences in the skin microbiome communities were analysed in young wrestlers, kickboxers and non-athletes. A higher relative abundance of nosocomial and respiratory infection-related bacteria in men, while higher abundances of skin inflammation- and infection-related genera were found in women. The relative abundance of skin infection-related bacteria was much higher in athletes than in the control group. Regular consultations with specialists are recommended for contact sports athletes to prevent skin infections from microbial transmission. View this paper
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Articles (50)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,627 Views
15 Pages

Contributions of Physical Activity and Positive Psychological Functioning to Flow and Well-Being

  • Nuno Rodrigues,
  • Luís Sérgio Vieira,
  • Cátia Sofia Martins,
  • Catarina Moreira and
  • Saúl Neves de Jesus

2 September 2025

Studies highlight the importance of physical activity (PA) in relation to positive psychological functioning (PPF) among adults. Physical inactivity is strongly associated with lower levels of PPF, supporting the idea that lifestyle choices can be id...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,496 Views
14 Pages

Early Rate of Force Development and Maximal Strength at Different Positions of the Athletic Shoulder Test in Baseball Players

  • Ben Ashworth,
  • Mikulas Hank,
  • Omid Khaiyat,
  • Ginny Coyles,
  • Ferdia Fallon Verbruggen,
  • Erika Zemkova,
  • Frantisek Zahalka and
  • Tomas Maly

1 September 2025

Background/Objectives: Peak force (PF) reflects maximal strength, while early rate of force development (RFD; 0–100 ms) indicates explosive neuromuscular output. The Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test is gaining popularity in overhead athlete profili...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
2,144 Views
15 Pages

1 September 2025

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries are a major concern in baseball because of repetitive valgus stress from overhead throwing, often leading to surgical intervention. In recent years, UCL reconstruction has become increasingly frequent. Althoug...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,451 Views
26 Pages

1 September 2025

Understanding neuromuscular adaptations resulting from specific training modalities is crucial for optimizing athletic performance and injury prevention. This in silico proof-of-concept study aimed to computationally model and predict neuromuscular a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,492 Views
17 Pages

A Field-Based Screening Protocol for Hamstring Injury Risk in Football Players: Evaluating Its Functionality Using Exploratory Factor Analysis

  • Nikolaos I. Liveris,
  • Charis Tsarbou,
  • George Papageorgiou,
  • Elias Tsepis,
  • Konstantinos Fousekis and
  • Sofia A. Xergia

1 September 2025

This paper propose a practical field-based screening protocol for evaluating the risk of hamstring injury. This is done by discerning the most important factors that better explain the underlying structure among various measurements. Following a cros...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
893 Views
12 Pages

The Effect of a High-Frequency Exercise Program During the Transition Period in Young Football Players

  • Yiannis Michailidis,
  • Andreas Stafylidis,
  • Athanasios Mandroukas,
  • Eleni Semaltianou,
  • Georgios Karamousalidis,
  • Georgios Antoniou,
  • Vasileios Leftheroudis,
  • Vasilios Mittas and
  • Thomas I. Metaxas

1 September 2025

The transition period in football can negatively affect players’ fitness indicators. However, if appropriate training programs are implemented during this period, these effects can be reversed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
917 Views
9 Pages

Game vs. Practice Differences in External Load in U16 and U18 Women’s Basketball Players

  • Damjana V. Cabarkapa,
  • Dimitrije Cabarkapa,
  • Dora Nagy,
  • Laszlo Balogh,
  • Tamas Laczko and
  • Laszlo Ratgeber

1 September 2025

The purpose of the present study was twofold: (i) to examine within-group differences in external load metrics during practice and official competition, and (ii) to examine between-group differences in external load metrics across the U16 and U18 lev...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,889 Views
17 Pages

Mechanical Running Power and Energy Expenditure in Uphill and Downhill Running

  • Fabrizio Gravina-Cognetti,
  • Diego Chaverri,
  • Antoni Planas,
  • Jordi Montraveta,
  • Marta Carrasco-Marginet,
  • Silvia Puigarnau,
  • Javier Espasa-Labrador and
  • Xavier Iglesias

1 September 2025

Trail running involves constant changes in terrain and slope, complicating the accurate assessment of energy expenditure during performance. This study aimed to examine the relationship between running power output (RPO), oxygen consumption (VO2), ca...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
7,335 Views
31 Pages

Does High-Intensity Interval Training Increase Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, and Muscle Endurance? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Lucas Wiens,
  • Justin M. Losciale,
  • Matthew D. Fliss,
  • Max J. Abercrombie,
  • Darius Darabi,
  • Jedd Li,
  • Rowan Barclay and
  • Cameron J. Mitchell

1 September 2025

High-intensity/sprint interval training (HIIT/SIT) improves aerobic and anaerobic performance, but it is unknown if HIIT/SIT increases strength, muscle mass/size, and muscle endurance (ME). We aimed to determine if HIIT/SIT increases strength, muscle...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,500 Views
10 Pages

1 September 2025

This study investigated countermovement jump (CMJ) strategies among NCAA Division 1 athletes and explored key variables associated with jump height. A total of 69 athletes (38 male, 31 female) from basketball and volleyball teams completed three or m...

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Sports - ISSN 2075-4663