Diagnostics, Volume 14, Issue 18

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is a life-critical condition. Patients who survive after CA go into a defined post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). In this clinical context, the role of the echocardiogram in recent years has become increasingly import...

Background: A significant loss in bone density and strength occurs during the post-renal-transplant period with higher susceptibility to fracture. The study aims to compare the performance of the Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) i...

Introduction: Imaging in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a constantly evolving landscape. The incidence of RCC has been rising over the years with the improvement in image quality and sensitivity in imaging modalities resulting in “incidentalomas...

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment paradigm of lung cancer, resulting in notable enhancements in patient survival. Nevertheless, evaluating treatment response in patients undergoing immunotherapy poses...

Background: Bone density is affected by age- and sex-related changes in the os coxae, often known as the pelvic bone. Recent developments in computed tomography (CT) imaging have created new opportunities for quantitative analysis, notably regarding...

Background/Objectives: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by complex pathophysiology, leading to increased hospitalizations and mortality. Inflammatory biomarkers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte r...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and intraperitoneal CRP, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in early diagnostics of anastomotic leakage in the first 4 postoperative days aft...

The growing integration of software in healthcare, particularly the rise of standalone software as a medical device (SaMD), is transforming digestive medicine, a field heavily reliant on medical imaging for both diagnosis and therapeutic intervention...

Background/Objective: This study aims to utilize advanced artificial intelligence (AI) image recog-nition technologies to establish a robust system for identifying features in lung computed tomog-raphy (CT) scans, thereby detecting respiratory infect...

Background/Objectives: Long-standing groin pain is a severe issue for athletes, often associated with the cleft sign on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, yet its underlying causes are poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to histologi...

Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is now endorsed by all major cardiology guidelines for the investigation of chest pain and assessment for coronary artery disease (CAD) in appropriately selected patients. CAD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortali...

Objectives: Early detection and accurate diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in head and neck cancer (HNC) are crucial for enhancing patient prognosis and survival rates. Current imaging methods have limitations, necessitating new evaluation of...

This review will start with a brief pathophysiology of obesity and the requirement for bariatric surgery, and it continues with a preoperative assessment, which includes a surgical mortality risk assessment, respiratory and cardiovascular assessments...

Despite a large amount of research on synchronous and mutually induced kidney and heart damage, the basis of the disease is still not fully clarified. Healthy mitochondria are essential for normal kidney and heart function. Mitochondrial dysfunction...

Background: Microscopic examination of peripheral blood is a standard practice in clinical medicine. Although manual examination is considered the gold standard, it presents several disadvantages, such as interobserver variability, being quite time-c...

Background: The accurate and effective evaluation of parameters such as critical shoulder angle, lateral acromion angle, and acromion index from shoulder X-ray images is crucial for identifying pathological changes and assessing disease risk in the s...

Introduction: Accurate prediction of tumor dynamics following Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is critical for optimizing treatment strategies for patients with brain metastases (BMs). Traditional machine learning (ML) algorithms have been widely used...

Background/Objectives: The diagnosis of lung carcinoma (LC) is currently performed in small biopsies and according to the WHO classification by using limited stains to spare tissue for molecular testing. This procedure, however, often causes diagnost...

Introduction: A rare case of atraumatic liver laceration associated with hemoperitoneum is presented in a patient with amyloidosis who came to the hospital for abdominal pain. Case Presentation: The imaging findings reveal significant hepatomegaly wi...

Recent advancements in medical imaging have greatly enhanced the application of computational techniques in digital pathology, particularly for the classification of breast cancer using in situ hybridization (ISH) imaging. HER2 amplification, a key p...

Background and Aims: Low back pain is a prevalent condition affecting 60–85% of individuals during their lifetime. Despite various proposed mechanisms, the etiology of low back pain remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness...

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and intraductal ultrasound (IDUS) play very important roles in the field of biliary tract disease. Because of their excellent spatial resolution, the detection of small lesions and T- or N-staging of tumors have become pos...

Background: Spontaneous remission of cancer is a rare and poorly understood phenomenon characterized by complete or partial remission of a malignancy in the absence of or with inadequate treatment. The underlying mechanism for such occurrences is poo...

Background: Osteosarcoma, a primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents, frequently metastasizes to the lungs, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Lung Metastases: At diagnosis, 15–20% of patients present with detecta...

Background/Objectives: Multiple underlying pathomechanisms may lead to melasma, but there has been no report on the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to reveal specific pathomechanisms in individual patients and provide individualized treatme...

Background/Objectives: Hyperlactatemia is a common predictive factor for poor post-cardiovascular surgery outcomes. However, it is not well understood whether the rapid postoperative lactate level elevation in a short period of time is associated wit...

Background/Objectives: The distal transradial approach (dTRA) is increasingly used in interventional cardiology. Doppler Ultrasound (DUS) effectively assesses radial artery (RA) characteristics. This study aims to identify specific RA DUS characteris...

Objectives: During deep learning model training, it is essential to consider the balance among the effects of sample size, actual resources, and time constraints. Single-arm objective performance criteria (OPC) was proposed to determine the optimal p...

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) often complicates mitral stenosis (MS). The prognostic impact of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in MS patients remains unclear. Previous study has demonstrated the prognostic impact of right atrial pressur...

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy type 3 (juvenile SMA, Kugelberg–Welander disease) is a genetic disease caused by changes in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN) gene. However, there is increasing evidence of metabolic abnormalities in SMA pati...

Introduction: Accurately detecting arousal events during sleep is essential for evaluating sleep quality and diagnosing sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. While the American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines associate arousal...

Background/Objectives: Pancreatic stone protein (PSP) is an emerging biomarker of sepsis that is secreted from pancreas sensing remote organ damages. We explored the diagnostic and prognostic utilities of PSP in patients with suspected sepsis. Method...

Background: Numerous studies in the literature have aimed to evaluate the difficulty level of removing third molars. However, most of these studies have focused on the lower third molars, which can lead to complications. There is a lack of a method t...

Background: Machine learning models learn about general behavior from data by finding the relationships between features. Our purpose was to develop a predictive model to identify and predict which subset of colorectal cancer patients are more likely...

Background: Malignant tumors represent a significant pathology with a profound global impact on the medical system. The fight against cancer represents a significant challenge, with multidisciplinary teams identifying numerous areas requiring improve...

Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) enables a comprehensive, non-invasive, and painless evaluation of the colon, although it still has limited indications. The lengthy reading times hinder its wider implementation, a drawback that could potentially be over...

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a rare disease of the arteries, occurring mainly in the elderly. Although the involvement of temporal arteries can be mostly symptomatic, the occlusion of ophthalmic arteries has severe consequences. GCA affecting tempor...

Background: Valve-in-Valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a viable therapeutic option for structural valve degeneration following surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) or prior TAVI. However, the understanding...

Food allergy (FA) affects approximately 6–8% of young children, with a peak prevalence at approximately one year of age. Tree nut and peanut allergies are among the main causes of anaphylaxis in the world. The gold standard for the diagnosis of...

Objectives: Breast-specific positron emission tomography (PET) provides higher sensitivity and spatial resolution than whole-body PET/CT, but it has a blind area. Mammary glands near the chest wall sometimes present outside the field of view (FOV). A...

Background: Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) has gained an important role in patients with advanced prostate cancer following the introduction of PARP inhibitors in daily clinical practice. Here, we report an overview of CGP results, specificall...

Background: The superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is crucial for the structural integrity and dynamics of facial expressions and is a particularly important consideration during facelift surgeries. This study investigated the anatomical st...

Introduction: Early identification of high-risk traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and improving outcomes. The C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR) reflects systemic immunology and inflammatio...

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors are powerful molecular targeted therapeutic agents for lung cancer. We recently developed an original immunocytology and glass slide-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) det...

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop a novel quantitative disability assessment tool for patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD). Methods: A total of 47 patients with IPD were recruited from two hospitals...

Background: To achieve a successful result, the orthodontist must use a systematic approach to plan the orthodontic treatment. Defining the correct position of the upper and lower incisors and evaluating their relationship with intermaxillary discrep...

Background: Cxbladder^® assays are reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) tests incorporating five genetic biomarkers (CDK1, MDK, IGFBP5, HOXA13, and CXCR2) to provide risk stratification for urothelial carcinoma (U...

Background/Objective: This study aimed to compare the functional outcomes, such as knee muscle strength, dynamic postural stability, pain scores, and physical activity, in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) on stair climbing training with and wit...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is providing novel answers to long-standing clinical problems, and it is quickly changing pediatric urology. This thorough analysis focuses on current developments in AI technologies that improve pediatric urology diagnos...

Background/Objectives: Gynecomastia is a common condition characterized by the benign enlargement of male breast tissue, often resulting from hormonal imbalances. A rare variant, unilateral pseudogynecomastia, involves enlargement due to adipose tiss...