The new mineral achyrophanite (K,Na)
3(Fe
3+,Ti,Al,Mg)
5O
2(AsO
4)
5 was found in high-temperature sublimates of the Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It is associated with aphthitalite-group sulfates, hematite, alluaudite-group arsenates (badalovite, calciojohillerite, johillerite, nickenichite, hatertite, and khrenovite), ozerovaite, pansnerite, arsenatrotitanite, yurmarinite, svabite, tilasite, katiarsite, yurgensonite, As-bearing sanidine, anhydrite, rutile, cassiterite, and pseudobrookite. Achyrophanite occurs as long-prismatic to acicular or, rarer, tabular crystals up to 0.02 × 0.2 × 1.5 mm, which form parallel, radiating, bush-like, or chaotic aggregates up to 3 mm across. It is transparent, straw-yellow to golden yellow, with strong vitreous luster. The mineral is brittle, with (001) perfect cleavage.
Dcalc is 3.814 g cm
–3. Achyrophanite is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.823(7), β = 1.840(7), γ = 1.895(7) (589 nm), 2
V (meas.) = 60(10)°. Chemical composition (wt.%, electron microprobe) is: Na
2O 3.68, K
2O 9.32, CaO 0.38, MgO 1.37, MnO 0.08, CuO 0.82, ZnO 0.48, Al
2O
3 2.09, Fe
2O
3 20.42, SiO
2 0.12, TiO
2 7.35, P
2O
5 0.14, V
2O
5 0.33, As
2O
5 51.88, SO
3 1.04, and total 99.40. The empirical formula calculated based on 22 O
apfu is Na
1.29K
2.15Ca
0.07Mg
0.34Mn
0.01Cu
0.11Zn
0.06Al
0.44Fe
3+2.77Ti
1.00Si
0.02P
0.02S
0.14V
0.04As
4.90O
22. Achyrophanite is orthorhombic, space group
P222
1,
a = 6.5824(2),
b = 13.2488(4),
c = 10.7613(3) Å,
V = 938.48(5) Å
3 and
Z = 2. The strongest reflections of the PXRD pattern [
d,Å(
I)(
hkl)] are 5.615(59)(101), 4.174(42)(022), 3.669(31)(130), 3.148(33)(103), 2.852(43)(141), 2.814(100)(042, 202), 2.689(29)(004), and 2.237(28)(152). The crystal structure of achyrophanite (solved from single-crystal XRD data,
R = 4.47%) is unique. It is based on the octahedral-tetrahedral
M-
T-O pseudo-framework (
M = Fe
3+ with admixed Ti, Al, Mg, Na;
T = As
5+). Large-cation
A sites (
A = K, Na) are located in the channels of the pseudo-framework. The achyrophanite structure can be described as stuffed, with the defect heteropolyhedral pseudo-framework derivative of the orthorhombic Fe
3+AsO
4 archetype. The mineral is named from the Greek άχυρον, straw, and φαίνομαι, to appear, in allusion to its typical straw-yellow color and long prismatic habit of crystals.
Full article