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Volume 15
Issue 5
10.3390/min15050472
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Article

The Sedimentation Mechanical Properties of Coal and Gangue Particles at Different Granularity Levels

by
Chengyong Liu
1,
Wenzhe Gu
1,
Haijun Zhang
2,
Xiangyun Shi
2,3,
Quanzhi Tian
3,
Hainan Wang
2,
Yuejin Zhou
4,
Zhicheng Liu
1 and
Bolong Zhang
2,3,*
1
China National Coal Group Corp, Xi’an 710054, China
2
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Coking Coal Resources Green Exploitation, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
4
State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2025, 15(5), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15050472
Submission received: 20 March 2025 / Revised: 26 April 2025 / Accepted: 28 April 2025 / Published: 30 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy)
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Abstract

Coal gangue, the primary bulk solid waste generated during coal utilization, requires decarbonization and the enrichment of valuable components such as calcium and magnesium through methods like hydrocyclone separation for comprehensive utilization. This study observed the free-settling behavior of coal gangue particles using a high-speed dynamic image analysis system and analyzed their kinematic characteristics to guide the hydrocyclone separation process. The results indicate that particle size and density significantly influence settling behavior. Fine-grained, low-density particles exhibited more pronounced directional deflection and velocity fluctuations, while high-density coarse particles demonstrated higher settling velocities. Based on terminal velocity, the drag coefficient of fluid resistance acting on particles was calculated. The findings show that high-density coarse particles have larger drag coefficients, likely due to fluid disturbances and the hydrophobic nature of particle surfaces. Additionally, the mechanical properties of settling motion were analyzed, indicating that gravity dominates the settling process of coarse particles, while fine particles are subjected to relatively balanced forces. Furthermore, density variations primarily affect hydrodynamic drag, which is related to the surface properties of particles. Therefore, enhancing the centrifugal force field through cyclone structural optimization is necessary to improve separation precision for fine coal and gangue particles.
Keywords: coal gangue; sedimentation; kinetics; cyclone separation coal gangue; sedimentation; kinetics; cyclone separation
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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, C.; Gu, W.; Zhang, H.; Shi, X.; Tian, Q.; Wang, H.; Zhou, Y.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, B. The Sedimentation Mechanical Properties of Coal and Gangue Particles at Different Granularity Levels. Minerals 2025, 15, 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15050472

AMA Style

Liu C, Gu W, Zhang H, Shi X, Tian Q, Wang H, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Zhang B. The Sedimentation Mechanical Properties of Coal and Gangue Particles at Different Granularity Levels. Minerals. 2025; 15(5):472. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15050472

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Chengyong, Wenzhe Gu, Haijun Zhang, Xiangyun Shi, Quanzhi Tian, Hainan Wang, Yuejin Zhou, Zhicheng Liu, and Bolong Zhang. 2025. "The Sedimentation Mechanical Properties of Coal and Gangue Particles at Different Granularity Levels" Minerals 15, no. 5: 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15050472

APA Style

Liu, C., Gu, W., Zhang, H., Shi, X., Tian, Q., Wang, H., Zhou, Y., Liu, Z., & Zhang, B. (2025). The Sedimentation Mechanical Properties of Coal and Gangue Particles at Different Granularity Levels. Minerals, 15(5), 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15050472

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