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Article

Volcanic Response to Post-Pan-African Orogeny Delamination: Insights from Volcanology, Precise U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Petrology of the Ediacaran Ouarzazate Group of the Anti-Atlas, Morocco

by
Mohamed Achraf Mediany
1,
Nasrrddine Youbi
1,2,3,*,
Mohamed Ben Chra
4,
Oussama Moutbir
1,
Ismail Hadimi
1,
João Mata
2,
Jörn-Frederik Wotzlaw
5,
José Madeira
2,
Miguel Doblas
6,
Ezz El Din Abdel Hakim Khalaf
7,
Rachid Oukhro
1,
Warda El Moume
1,
Jihane Ounar
1,
Abdelhak Ait Lahna
8,
Moulay Ahmed Boumehdi
1,2 and
Andrey Bekker
9,10
1
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Prince Moulay Abdellah Boulevard, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
2
Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
3
Faculty of Geology and Geography, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave, Tomsk 634050, Russia
4
Institute of Mines of Marrakech, Rue Machaar El Haram Quartier Issil, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
5
Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
6
Indepedent Researcher, Tres Cantos, 28036 Madrid, Spain
7
Faculty of Science Geology Department, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
8
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
9
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
10
Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2025, 15(2), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15020142
Submission received: 9 December 2024 / Revised: 14 January 2025 / Accepted: 27 January 2025 / Published: 31 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology)
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Abstract

Post-collisional volcanism provides valuable insights into mantle dynamics, crustal processes, and mechanisms driving orogen uplift and collapse. This study presents geological, geochemical, and geochronological data for Ediacaran effusive and pyroclastic units from the Taghdout Volcanic Field (TVF) in the Siroua Window, Anti-Atlas Belt. Two eruptive cycles are identified based on volcanological and geochemical signatures. The first cycle comprises a diverse volcanic succession of basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, dacites, and rhyolitic crystal-rich tuffs and ignimbrites, exhibiting arc calc-alkaline affinities. These mafic magmas were derived from a lithospheric mantle metasomatized by subduction-related fluids and are associated with the gravitational collapse of the Pan-African Orogen. The second cycle is marked by bimodal volcanism, featuring tholeiitic basalts sourced from the asthenospheric mantle and felsic intraplate magmas. These units display volcanological characteristics typical of facies models for continental basaltsuccessions and continental felsic volcanoes. Precise CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb zircon dating constrains the volcanic activity to 575–557 Ma, reflecting an 18-million-year period of lithospheric thinning, delamination, and asthenospheric upwelling. This progression marks the transition from orogen collapse to continental rifting, culminating in the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent and the opening of the Iapetus Ocean. The TVF exemplifies the dynamic interplay between lithospheric and asthenospheric processes during post-collisional tectonic evolution.
Keywords: Anti-Atlas; Ediacaran; volcanology; U-Pb geochronology Anti-Atlas; Ediacaran; volcanology; U-Pb geochronology

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mediany, M.A.; Youbi, N.; Ben Chra, M.; Moutbir, O.; Hadimi, I.; Mata, J.; Wotzlaw, J.-F.; Madeira, J.; Doblas, M.; Khalaf, E.E.D.A.H.; et al. Volcanic Response to Post-Pan-African Orogeny Delamination: Insights from Volcanology, Precise U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Petrology of the Ediacaran Ouarzazate Group of the Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Minerals 2025, 15, 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15020142

AMA Style

Mediany MA, Youbi N, Ben Chra M, Moutbir O, Hadimi I, Mata J, Wotzlaw J-F, Madeira J, Doblas M, Khalaf EEDAH, et al. Volcanic Response to Post-Pan-African Orogeny Delamination: Insights from Volcanology, Precise U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Petrology of the Ediacaran Ouarzazate Group of the Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Minerals. 2025; 15(2):142. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15020142

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mediany, Mohamed Achraf, Nasrrddine Youbi, Mohamed Ben Chra, Oussama Moutbir, Ismail Hadimi, João Mata, Jörn-Frederik Wotzlaw, José Madeira, Miguel Doblas, Ezz El Din Abdel Hakim Khalaf, and et al. 2025. "Volcanic Response to Post-Pan-African Orogeny Delamination: Insights from Volcanology, Precise U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Petrology of the Ediacaran Ouarzazate Group of the Anti-Atlas, Morocco" Minerals 15, no. 2: 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15020142

APA Style

Mediany, M. A., Youbi, N., Ben Chra, M., Moutbir, O., Hadimi, I., Mata, J., Wotzlaw, J.-F., Madeira, J., Doblas, M., Khalaf, E. E. D. A. H., Oukhro, R., El Moume, W., Ounar, J., Lahna, A. A., Boumehdi, M. A., & Bekker, A. (2025). Volcanic Response to Post-Pan-African Orogeny Delamination: Insights from Volcanology, Precise U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Petrology of the Ediacaran Ouarzazate Group of the Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Minerals, 15(2), 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15020142

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